1. solid pier: solid pier means that the pier is composed of a solid structure, which is divided into solid gravity pier and solid thin-walled pier (wall pier). Solid pier consists of pier cap, pier body and foundation. ?
2. Hollow pier: There are two forms of hollow pier, one is basically the solid gravity structure mentioned above, and the middle part is hollow. The other is a thin-walled reinforced concrete box pier. The vertical shape of hollow pier can be divided into straight slope type, abutment slope type and slope type. Hollow piers are divided into thick wall and thin wall according to wall thickness.
3. Column pier: Column pier generally consists of cap, column pier body and cap beam on the foundation. The pier body of column pier is often composed of 1-4 columns along the transverse direction of the bridge. ?
4. Flexible pier: Flexible pier is one of the methods to reduce the weight of pier. Rigid piers are set at both ends of multi-span bridges, and the middle piers are all flexible piers. A typical flexible pier is a flexible pile-row pier, which is often used on medium and small bridges with a pier height of 5.0m ~ 7.0m and a span of less than 13m. Flexible bent piers are divided into single bent piers and double bent piers. Single bent piers are generally suitable for piers with a height of not more than 4.0m to 5.0m. When the height of the pile pier is more than 5.0m, double bent piers should be set to avoid possible longitudinal shaking when driving. ?
5. Frame pier: The frame pier uses compression and bending members to form a plane frame to support the superstructure, not the pier body. If necessary, it can be made into a double-layer or double-layer frame to support the superstructure. Frame pier is a lighter structure than hollow pier, and it is a stress system composed of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete.
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