A safety organization that imports and exports products to the United States is a safety organization.

p.s:

Extract security knowledge

Chapter basic knowledge of security

The definition and purpose of security.

Definition: Equipment used within the scope of safety regulations in accordance with the United States.

The purpose of applying safety regulations is to protect users' safety, life, property, such as electric shock, fire and other dangers.

Common security standards.

Basically in accordance with IEC international standards, each country is formulating its own standards based on national needs.

If IEC60950 (Information Technology Equipment Information Technology Equipment)

3. United States - UL60950

- EU EN60950

5 - GB 4943

6 Australia - AS3260

Japan - J60950

In particular, the standard setting number is still IEC60950 -

10 Singapore, Argentina.

11 Medical equipment - IEC60601

12 Video products - IEC60065

13 Home appliances - IEC60335

IEC safety standards, general automatic Define name IEC60XXX

General custom name EMC standard IEC61000-

General voltage.

North America - USA, Canada 120V, 60HZ

Central and South America - 220V, some countries have 120V

EU - 230V, 50HZ (UK original 240V , and other Western European countries are 220V, so compromise 220V)

Eastern Europe - generally 220V, 50HZ

Japan - 100V, 50HZ Australia, New Zealand - 240V, 50Hz

In the other 6 countries, it is mainly 220V. : China, South Korea, Southeast Asia and other countries.

The form of the power supply.

1. Adapter - Plastic Housing

I. Class I ground pin

II. Type II ground pin (double insulated) air inlet plugs directly into the wall of an open frame - shell, iron shell

V. CB Report

. CB report.

2. CB - Certification unit of the certification body.

3. NCB - National Certification Body.

4. CB reporting function.

5 - Save application time and cost

Chapter 2 Product Safety Design Precautions

Safety Component Recognition Points

1. X capacitor

X capacitor, a square capacitor, uses X capacitor to solve EMI problems. X capacitors are usually safety certified in multiple countries, certification standard IEC384-14 second edition, 1993. The X capacitor discharges slowly. To solve the emission problem, a resistor is usually connected in series with the X capacitor. This resistor is called a bleed resistor. When the X capacitor is 0.1uF, the bleed resistor will increase.

a) shown. UL-FOKY2, FOWX2 IEC384-14 X2 approved does not control brands and models.

b). Other safety regulations: Control the brand and model, and replace the labels and report them one after another.

C). Rating: Max. Reports only apply to small ones, otherwise they are reported.

D). General Feihong tags:

OKAYA: PA, RE type

ARCOTRONICS: R.46, 1.40, 1.47 disabled

Huayue: MKP type

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Roderstein: Type F1772

EVOX RIFA: PHE840M

E).

Generally the same temperature for X capacitors is limited to 100°C

2. Y capacitor

Y capacitor is divided into Y1, Y2 capacitor, Y1 capacitor single dielectric capacitor, Y2 capacitor double insulation capacitor. The larger the Y capacitor, the leakage current (leakage current) of Class II products is 0.25 mA, and if the total value of the Y capacitor is greater than 3300PF, it will fail. X, Y capacitors are non-essential elements. If the design, layout, and EMI of the product are determined, there is no problem. You cannot use this type of element (optional). General safety regulations of the application, when X, Y capacitors list their maximum EC capacitance to be Pay attention to the temperature not exceeding the rated temperature. Generally, it is set to the minimum capacitance value. If the capacitance value changes greatly, it cannot be changed to a small value.

a) shown. UL-FOKY2, FOWX2 IEC384-14 X2 approved does not control brands and models.

b). Other safety regulations: Control the brand and model, and replace the labels and report them one after another.

C). Rating: Max. Report only applies to small unchanged large. There are other reports.

D). The capacitor across the secondary side is called the bridge capacitor. Generally, if the LCC test exceeds 3300UF, the safety test may fail, so please pay special attention.

E). General Feihong tags:

TDK: CD (Y1), CS (Y2) type

Murata: KX (Y1), KC (Y2) type

Pan Haiwai: AH (Y1), AC (Y2) type

The way to success: SE (Y1), SB (Y1), SF (Y2)

Roderstein: WKO type ( Y2)

Panasonic: NS-A type

f) segment. Generally, the maximum temperature limit of X capacitor is 85℃.

TDK Type CD and successfully Type SB, SE are safety approved to 125°C. G) . Fuse/thermal fuse (thermal cut-off) as shown in a). Fuse selection standards - larger than rated input current is acceptable.

B) does not do this. Power adapter? 2.5A. CE surge fuse rated input current, the fuse is too big a difference, just measure 1KV (2-pin adapter) and 2KV (3-pin adapter) sometimes can not burst immediately, causing risk to the end user terminal. p>

C). Because the fuse is an important safety component, you must prepare samples after the safety fuse test is completed. < /p>

E). Notify two engineers, manufacturer and type.

f) In any case, if the thermal fuse does not operate, you can apply. /p>

4. Energy storage capacitor

a) is generally applied in minutes. If the rating is larger, the report cannot be set.

b) shown.

C) Energy storage capacitor - only controlled by manufacturer and type

D). is 105℃, if the temperature is too high, it may have the greatest impact.

5 Heat shrinkable sleeve:

A) should have UL, CSA certification. The general safety report does not indicate the manufacturer and model.

B) Rating: Choose a suitable voltage and temperature: Feihong 600V, 125℃ (600V almost all?)

The most important part of the whole completion, if the transformer is changed, at least 50% of the test is redone.

b) . Coil diameter changes according to safety regulations.

C) UL Class B 130C insulation system compared to Dash 2 B. -5.

The file system is because of the Changchun Bakelite skeleton system e) If using three-layer insulated wire-HIS-8A system

The file system is because of the Furukawa type TEX-E. and TOTOKU's TIW-E type three-layer insulated wire in this system.

During the period of use, only Hitachi CP-J-8800 (Bakelite) may be used. f) The insulation system must be marked on the label on the transformer.

Gram). When applying for UL without using three-layer insulated wire, the materials of Class A and Class B are the same. Generally, you can directly apply for a Class B transformer.

hours). The Feihong does not apply for UL Class E insulation systems.

I). , Furukawa and TOTOKU III, insulated wires are UL certified only for 105C, but include the Hitachi Chemical HIS-8A system, and can therefore be used at Class B 130C, however, if used alone, it is still UL certified for only 105C.

J). Furukawa TUV only recognizes E-class 120 degrees Celsius. TOTOKU TUV 130℃ approved.

K). For UL Class B systems, all materials, regardless of individual temperature identification, can be used as long as the column material in the system can be used, but those not listed in the system can not be used.

L). Determining whether it is safe to use depends on the confirmation of the temperature of the material itself

m). Transformer level

Class A - temperature rise <75 K

Class E - temperature rise <90 K

Class B - temperature rise <95 K

Other Class H, Class F

*Apply for UL transformer class E, apply for insulation system.

N). Transformer insulation system

(1) PH transformer insulation system UL file: E149666

? Three-layer insulated wire system HIS-8A

? DASH B-5 without three-layer insulated wire system

(2) What materials should be paid attention to when the insulation system of the transformer has insulation grade B?

? Spool

Mylar tape, retaining tape

? Triple insulated wire (if any)

? Varnish.

O). The surface of the transformer must be printed on the transformer model belonging to the insulation system (HIS-8A or DASH 2 B-5), such as the transformer PSC05R-050. The surface should be marked with C05R0501 PHIHONG E149666 HIS-8A content.

7. Noise filter (NF).

Acknowledge NF controlled CB reporting or UL reporting requirements. Generally speaking, UL has no special requirements for noise filter materials and manufacturers. As long as the temperature of the transformer can withstand the maximum temperature rise, the materials and manufacturers they use must comply with the Feihong insulation system.

8. Plastic bracket

a) shown. Direct plug-in product. It is suitable for plug IEC950 to do ball pressure, and the ball pressure test temperature is 125℃min. hours before considering the material of the plug.

b). The housing plug (plastic part) is oven and ball pressure tested for two or more materials, samples are provided for each material.

C). For US-style direct plug-in adapters, the UL1310 2000 version has the distance reduced to 5.2mm, but since the Canadian distance remains the same, apply for UL, CUL or 7.9mm. The distance that prevails here is the closest distance between the blades of the Goldfinger AC input when the adapter is plugged into the outlet.

9 fans

As shown in a). In addition to paying attention to its size when selecting a fan, the most important thing is the air volume.

b). To complete a safety report for a new fan, try to find a lower airflow volume (CFM) than the original fan. Otherwise, the temperature is abnormal...retest is required.

C). Customers often complain about excessively noisy fans.

D). For fans, please look for certification types from UL and European regulatory agencies.

10. AC/DC line

a) shown. Generally the power cord is not connected, but if you consider that the customer's shipment will be accompanied by an AC power cord, you can request an optional AC power cord.

B), AC power cord optional, if not applied, will have to be packed separately, not in the same carton.

C).

Parts in safety reports such as UL cannot ensure safety, so UL safety parts for DC power cords will be written.

D). If applying for UL VW-1 is at least 80°C, UL is generally marked with 300V. However, if the safety level of the sample will be written directly on the UL report, in accordance with the type, grade, and temperature of the sample, before. 18AWG type 2464, VW-1 80℃, please pay special attention to the samples from wire rod manufacturers.

No. 11 yellow and green lines

a). Scramble terminal for ground wire.

b). If you are using a 3 pin solder the FG pin directly to the entrance of one end of the ground wire, do not solder both ends to the PCB.

C). If the frame type 3-pin connector is opened, the future will be undetermined. Therefore, conduct grounding tests in these two places.

12 safety components

As shown in a). Switch control brand, model, grade.

b). Relay - Make, model and grade of control.

C). Varistor - control brand, model, grade.

D). Brand, model, grade of import/export control.

E). Optocoupler (PC) - brand, model, internal insulation distance, pressure control.

f) paragraph. Insulator - Polyimide/Mylar Tape, Insulating Mat, Insulating Mylar

(1) General insulating tape UL94 recognizes only the use temperature on the UL card. Mylar/polyimide tape that you want to insulate through the AC3000/high pot test.l per building

(2) Insulation pad to control the brand, model and temperature flame retardant rating.

(3). Mylar sheets are usually used for 94V-0, but the accepted temperature is only 60°C. Therefore, attention should be paid to whether the ambient temperature will exceed the ambient temperature during the period.

(4). Diode - control level.

(5). Resistor - Control level.

13. National plug

a) shown. US type - used in North America, Japan, Taiwan... EU type - used in countries in Europe and typical 220V voltage.. UK type - used in the UK, Ireland.. Australian type - Australia?, New Zealand.

E). Korean type - In Korea, the same shape as the EU type, but type 4.0 mm metal cap EU, Korea type 4.8 mm.

f) paragraph. Argentinian type - similar to the Australian plug. Near the neutral pin, you want to print the "N".

14. Plastic expected.

1. Different plastic materials have different applicable temperature combustion levels.

Previous. PC + ABS GE C2950 80C, V-0 grade

PC GE 940 120C, V-0

Modified polyphenylene ether GE SE1 105C, V-1

Two. Therefore, it must be chosen based on its scope of use.

C. Safety testing of plastic raw materials.

Four. Enclosure minimum oven test. 70C.

E. Wait for the electrical part of the ball pressure test for minutes. 125C.

F. Drop, impact test (shell).

Part of G. Insulating sheet (mylar).

Hours. Use isolation, on the secondary side, min. The thickness requirement is 0.4 mm.

I use one or more secondary side, minimal isolation. According to the thickness requirements of UL card.

The minimum thickness requirement of j.

K. forward. FR1 minute. 0.23mm 94V-0, 110C.

L. General plastic raw materials are acceptable in other countries as long as they are recognized by UL.

M. UL testing standard for plastic materials is UL 94. PCB.

a) shown. The fuse rating should be stated close to the body and not cause confusion. The ID of each part must also be clearly identifiable.

b).

Safety Distance:

Numbered Description Spaces Along Surface

1 AC Line Natural 2.0 2.5

2 AC Line-FG 2.0 2.5

3 Primary School and Secondary School (<20W and 20W hours) 2.0 2.5

4.4 6.4

4 Primary School PE 2.0 2.5

Line 5 Ground None

7 Secondary side none

8 Auxiliary-FG none

First 9 first fuse 2.0 2.5

c) Other PCB backplanes, the shielding board, the requirements are as follows:

(1) A series of discontinuous domestic requirements for copper foil, and any continuous surface diameter is not larger than the safety and regulatory requirements Size

For example: CHANYOU (thousand friends) is the largest. 25.4 mm

Yuwan (Yuhua) is the largest. 9.4 mm

(2) The secondary side of the base, or it must be noted that the distance between the primary side and the secondary side should be not less than 5mm.

16. Model label:

As shown in a). General requirements:

General model labels must indicate: company name or trademark, model number, input voltage, input current, input frequency, output voltage, output current, AC and DC symbols and safety signs and narrative. The voltage is 230V AC input voltage, due to European Union (EU) countries, their products must have 230V AC input voltage: 220-240V, AC 230V, 230-240V, 100-240VAC, standalone 220VAC or 240VAC is not acceptable.

Name of the organic species required, type: switching power supply, AC adapter, AC power supply

b). Model naming requirements.

A security certificate is a model with specified output limits that can be applied to the PSE security series, within a suitable range.

Chinese safety regulations apply to series models, but when deriving series models, we should pay attention to the fact that the model name on the model label of the safety certificate is consistent.

Singapore Safety only applies to individual model series derivative models, so the model name drawn on the model label must be confirmed to be consistent with the model name on the application's safety certificate.

C). Trademark certification and labeling requirements:

In addition to the special requirements for the UL safety label on the picture of the trademark, the safety requirements of other countries on the label must be consistent with the certification and CB certification trademark filing, otherwise it There will be a need to re-print the new logo before the report is prepared.

D). Label printing for national requirements for safety signs.

(1) China - CCC. In addition to CCC (S&E), the factory serial number and model label must also be marked. For printing, the distribution center must first apply for the "CCC" mark of the China National Certification and Supervision Commission, and then print the authorized "CCC" mark of the CCC mark.

(2) Japan - PSE. The PSE logo on the printed label should be the name of the Japanese company.

(3) South Korea-KTL. On the printed label of the Korean safety certification mark, in addition to a certification number, there should be the name of the production area and the phone number of the local agent or company.

The meaning of the labels, symbols and letters on E).

: Class II equipment, also known as double insulation.

LPS: Limited power supply.

ITE:

Two. Safety signs are common mistakes

1. Double insulation marked minutes. 5mm.

2. CE marked minutes. 5mm.

3. C-tick marks minutes. 5mm.

4. The Mexican NOM logo should not be drawn in half but the arrow mark next to it should be added.

5. Note: Basically IEC60950 precautions are required, but if it is placed on the CCC mark with a compliance word height of 3.2 mm, put the factory number.

Special Precautions for Safety Accessories

At least two or more suppliers, so purchasing material problems, or original manufacturer quality problems, may not be replaced immediately.

Carefully Selected Suppliers - Have ever had a fan, switch... supplier go out of business and have to submit a new supplier, utilizing the existing manufacturer. Ex.X, Y capacitors Documentation work, minimum, $500. If testing, other costs based on the test content

2 Other safety costs:

TUV also provides NT$70.0 if the part submitted for testing does not act.

The application is safer and the cost is higher to submit.

So, your engineer carefully selects parts and measures once informed of all sources of safety regulations, other parts may not be in electrical and mechanical equipment such as air inlets to help find the safety personnel Two Zhang Feihong model naming rules

For example, the model of a machine is PSXYYZ-AAA.

1. X = A, M, C.

A - Pre-Standard Model. PSA60W.

A M - Customer various explosion-proof PSM4604C.

C - Lower cost model. PSC10A-050.

YY - Output power explosion-proof PSC10A-050 (10 watts).

3. Z - Enter the mode of continuation.

? A - Front US-type plug that plugs directly into the wall. PSA10A-050.

? C - Plug directly into the wall with Chinese plug front-050?PSC10C,.

? E - Plug directly into the wall EU type ex PSE10C-050

? K - Direct wall plug UK plug front PSE10K-050

? , the small one plugs directly into the wall before the AUSTRA type plug. PSE10C-050.

? ?Plug directly into the wall before a Korean-type plug. PSE10H-050.

? ?Plugs directly in front of the Argentain type plug on the wall. PSE10N-050.

? W - 2 pins in front of entrance. PSA60 W.

? U - 3 pin entrance front. PSA50U-120

AAA Output Voltage Voltage Ex PSA60W-120 12V If the application is to be safe based on their input connections, applicable national safety regulations must be determined.