Olympic Games

Short for "Olympic Games". The World Comprehensive Games sponsored by the International Olympic Committee. It is named after its origin in Olympia, ancient Greece. It is held every four years. From 776 BC to 393 AD, the ancient Olympic Games lasted for 293 sessions, which were later abolished by the Roman emperor Dior on charges of pagan activities. 1894 The International Sports Conference was held in Paris. According to Coubertin's proposal to establish the International Olympic Committee, it was decided to resume the Olympic Games. The first modern Olympic Games was held in 1896 in Athens, Greece. After that, it will be held in turn around the world for 16 days. There are more than 30 sports in the competition. Held 1924 Olympic Games with winter events. It is customary to call the non-winter Olympic Games "Summer Olympic Games" or "Olympic Games".

Introduction of the Olympic Games

Olympic Games, referred to as Olympic Games for short, includes Summer Olympic Games, Winter Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Youth Olympic Games and Special Olympics. It is an international sports meeting sponsored by the International Olympic Committee, including a variety of sports. It is held every four years. The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece (776 BC) and got its name because it was held in Olympia. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Baron Coubertin of France founded the truly modern Olympic Games. Since 1896, the Olympic Games have been held every four years (interrupted three times in two world wars, in 19 16, 1940 and 1944 respectively), and the duration of the Olympic Games does not exceed/kloc-0. Since the Winter Olympics was founded in 1924, the Olympic Games is also called the Summer Olympics. The Olympic Games has now become a symbol of peace and friendship. The Olympic spirit is handed down from generation to generation and never stops.

The symbol of the Olympic Games.

The Olympic movement has a series of unique and distinctive symbols, such as the Olympic symbol, motto, Olympic flag, anthem, emblem, medal and mascot. These signs have rich cultural connotations and vividly reflect the value orientation and cultural connotation of the Olympic ideal.

According to the Olympic Charter, the property rights of Olympic symbols, Olympic flags, Olympic motto and Olympic anthem belong to the exclusive rights of the International Olympic Committee. The IOC may take all appropriate measures to ensure that Olympic symbols, flags, aphorisms and songs are protected by law at home and abroad.

Olympic rings symbol

Nowadays, the most popular symbol is the Olympic rings. With the development of the Olympic Movement, it has become an image representative of the Olympic spirit and culture. Where the five rings "turn", the Olympic movement will take root and sprout.

Speaking of the origin of the five rings, there is an interesting story. 1936 1 1 The torch relay was held for the first time in Berlin Olympic Games. The torch relay route starts from Olympia, leaves northern Greece, crosses Austria along the Danube, and finally enters Germany. In order to set off this symbolic activity, Carl Dim, chairman of the Olympic Organizing Committee, and his colleagues arranged the passing ancient Greek ruins almost completely according to the ancient Olympic scenes.

A special ceremony will be held when the torch arrives at the ancient sports ground in Panacas Mountain, Delphi. At this time, Tim had a whim, and designed and carved the five rings of the modern Olympic Movement on the four sides of a rectangular stone about 3 feet high, and put it at one end of the starting line of the ancient sports ground. After the ceremony, the torch continued northward, but this stone as a prop was left in the ancient sports ground.

Because few people know the true identity of this stone engraved with five rings (later called "dim stone"), it has been regarded as "the remains of the ancient Olympic Games with a history of 3,000 years" for a long time. It was not until the 1960s that Greek officials in Delphi pointed out this mistake. 1972 In May, this fake cultural relic was sent to another place in Delphi-the entrance of Rome Square.

In fact, the five-ring symbol of the modern Olympic movement comes from Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games. Coubertin thought that the Olympic movement should have its own logo, and this idea lingered in his mind for a long time. 19 13, he finally conceived and designed the five-ring logo and the Olympic flag printed with five rings on a white background, and planned to launch this logo on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the International Olympic Committee.

1965438+June 2004/kloc-0 ~ May 23rd, the International Olympic Committee held a congress at the Sorbonne in Paris, France, to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the founding of the International Olympic Committee. At the commemorative meeting, Coubertin took out his five-ring logo and a flag printed with the five rings for everyone to show, and suggested that they should be used as symbols of the Olympic Movement. After listening to Coubertin's explanation, the meeting decided to use the Olympic rings and the Olympic flag as Olympic symbols.

The Olympic five-ring symbol is made up of five Olympic rings nested from left to right, which can be monochrome, blue, yellow, black, green and red. The original explanation was that the five colors represented the colors of national flags, and later the five rings with different colors were interpreted as symbols of the five continents.

Official website's suggestion that "each ring represents a corresponding continent" is wrong. (See item "Olympic rings")

The flag is 3 meters long and 2 meters wide with a white background as a symbol of purity. Blue, yellow, black, green and red are interlocking. 19 14, the Olympic flag was raised for the first time at the Olympic Games held in Paris. 1920, the Olympic flag flew for the first time at the Summer Olympic Stadium in Antwerp. After this Olympic Games, the Belgian Olympic Committee presented the same national flag to the International Olympic Committee, which was hung during the Olympic Games and then customized. At the opening ceremonies of previous Olympic Games, the flag was handed over by the last host city and kept by the host city. During the competition, only substitutes were hung in the main stadium. 1952, Oslo presented the flag of the International Olympic Committee for the Winter Olympics, which was handed over, preserved and used in the same way as the Summer Olympics.

1June, 979, the International Olympic Committee officially announced the meaning of the Olympic flag and the five rings: according to the Olympic Charter, the meaning of the Olympic flag and the five rings is: symbolizing the unity of the five continents and the gathering of athletes from all over the world in a fair and frank competition and friendly spirit at the Olympic Games. Like a temple built of colored rocks.

Olympic anthem

People from all over the world come to worship. 1958 At the 55th plenary meeting held in Tokyo, the IOC finally decided to use the Olympic anthem as the Olympic anthem. Its music score is kept in ioc headquarters. Since then, this melodious ancient Greek music can be heard at the opening and closing ceremonies of every Olympic Games.

The lyrics of this song are as follows:

Ancient immortal gods,

Beautiful, great and upright father.

Pray for arrival to appear,

Let eye-catching heroes appear in the sky of this earth,

As a witness to your glory.

Please light up the running, wrestling and throwing events.

These all-out noble competitions.

Present the winner with a crown made of olive branches,

Create a steel torso.

Valleys, mountains and oceans shine with you.

Ah! Immortal ancient gods.

Olympic mascot

In the Olympic history, mascots first appeared in 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Since then, mascots have become the main part of the image characteristics of the first Olympic Games. Mascots, with their dynamic and unique images, embody the Olympic spirit, convey the hosting concept of this Olympic Games, convey the history, culture and humanistic spirit of the host city, and create a festive atmosphere for the Olympic Games. They are an important carrier to carry forward the Olympic spirit among the masses, especially among children, and are incomparable to other images in all Olympic identification projects.

Judging from the artistic form of mascots, before the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, most of the Olympic mascots were based on animal images with national characteristics, usually a species. After 1992, figures or completely virtual bodies appeared in the Olympic mascots, and the figures also changed. 1998 There are four mascots in Nagano Winter Olympics, three mascots in Sydney Olympics in 2000 and two mascots in Athens Olympics. No matter what form it takes, its basic creative core is conducive to expressing the theme of this Olympic Games, to expressing the unique regional characteristics, historical culture and humanistic characteristics of the host city, and to market development and protection.

Germany 1972 Valdi, the mascot of Munich Olympic Games.

Although the first Olympic mascot appeared at the 10 Winter Olympics in Hertfordshire, greiner, in 1968, people used to call 1972 Munich Olympic dog "Valdi" the first Olympic mascot in history.

1976 Amik, the mascot of the Montreal Olympic Games.

Amik means beaver in Canadian Indian.

Misa, 1980 Mascot of Moscow Olympic Games

Misa, Misa, 1980 Mascot of Moscow Summer Olympics. Designed by Victor Chezkov, a famous illustrator of children's books in the Soviet Union.

Sam, 1984 The mascot of the Los Angeles Olympic Games.

Designed by Disney Company. With the American Stars and Stripes as the background, the cartoon eagle wears the costume representing the American legend "Uncle Sam", which is full of American flavor, and the commercial application of mascots begins from this time.

Korea 1988 Hodori, the mascot of Seoul Olympic Games.

1988 Seoul mascot Hodori. "Hodori" is designed as a friendly animal, which represents the tradition of Korean hospitality. The name of the mascot was collected by the society, and Hodori was selected from 2295 suggestions. "Ho" is a Korean tiger, and "Dori" is the Korean name of a little boy.

1992 Kobe Bryant, mascot of Barcelona Olympic Games, Spain.

Designed by Spanish cartoonist Zavir Marisk. At first, it was not generally accepted, but with the progress of the Olympic Games, Kobe became popular and was loved by Spaniards and the whole world. This is the first time that the Olympic Games has used abstract cartoon shapes. It seems to laugh from one direction and smell things from the other, which is very popular with children. Kobe was once the most sold and successful mascot in the history of the Olympic Games. To this day, Spanish TV stations are still playing children's TV dramas featuring it.

Issy, 1996 The mascot of the Atlanta Olympic Games, USA

Yixi is the first mascot designed by computer in Olympic history. The original name of this little monster is "What is it"? ), the organizing committee publicly solicited his name, received thousands of responses from children all over the world, and finally adopted the suggestions of 32 children in Atlanta.

The mascots of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games in Australia are Ollie, West Germany and Ollie Millie.

Sydney, Ollie and Millie are three Australian native animals, representing land, air and water respectively. Olly stands for the profoundness of the Olympics and comes from the Olympics; Syd shows the spirit and vitality of Australia and the Australian people, and comes from Sydney. Millie represents the Millennium.

The mascots of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games in Greece are Athena and Fevos.

According to the ancient Greek clay doll "Dedala" as the prototype design. They have big feet, long necks and small heads. One wears orange and the other wears blue, which is the same as the emblem of Athens Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, and is also the main color of the Olympic Games. According to Greek mythology, Athena is the goddess of wisdom and Phevos is the god of light and music. They represent Greece, the Olympic spirit of cooperation, fair competition, friendship and equality, and embody the four core values of the Athens Olympic Games: heritage, participation, celebration and humanization.

The mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 is Fuwa, whose colors and inspiration come from the Olympic rings, China's vast mountains, rivers and lakes and people's favorite animal images. Fuwa conveys the spirit of friendship, peace and initiative to children all over the world, as well as the beautiful wish of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Fuwa are five lovely close friends whose shapes combine the images of fish, giant panda, Tibetan antelope, swallow and Olympic flame.

Every doll has a catchy name: Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying and Nini. In China, the same name is a traditional way to show love for children. When the names of the five dolls are linked together, you will read Beijing's kind invitation "Welcome to Beijing" to the world.

Fuwa represents the dreams and aspirations of the people of China. Their prototypes and headdresses contain their connection with the ocean, forest, fire, earth and sky. Their image design applies the expression of China traditional art and shows the splendid culture of China.

Olympic emblem

Emblem of the first Olympic Games in Athens, Greece, 1896

Whether it was 1896 a century ago or the coming year of 2008, Athens, Greece chose to express its supreme understanding and respect for the Olympic movement with an olive branch symbolizing peace and friendship. 1896, Athens hosted the first modern Olympic Games. At first, the first Olympic Games had neither an emblem nor a poster. The painting I saw was the cover of the report submitted by the Athens Olympic Committee to the International Olympic Committee, which was later used to represent this Olympic Games. The majestic Acropolis, the goddess Athena holding an olive branch, and the deeply embedded horseshoe prints. The bronze relief of the Olympic emblem displayed in front of the world exudes a strong flavor of ancient Greece. In the upper left corner, it says 776- 1896 BC.

Represents the relationship between the modern Olympic Games and the ancient Olympic Games.

1900 emblem of the second Olympic Games in Paris, France

Paris has hosted two Olympic Games. Although Paris in 1900 could only play a supporting role in the World Expo, the Parisians in 1924 held the best Olympic Games in the history of that time with their enthusiasm. Let's appreciate the charm of this city through the emblems of these two Olympic Games. 1900 The main symbol of the Paris Olympic Games is a woman dressed as a traditional French knight, and her right hand holds high three traditional French weapons-foil, sabre and epee. The design is simple, but full of French flavor. Since this Olympic Games, women have entered the Olympic family and participated in exhibition competitions.

Emblem of the 3rd Olympic Games in St. Louis, USA +0904

At the beginning of the 20th century and at the end of the 20th century, the United States held two Olympic Games respectively, and the design styles of the Olympic emblems of the two Olympic Games were also quite different: the early realism and the recent abstraction. 1904, the third Olympic Games was held in St. Louis, USA. This sign shows the characteristics of the host city with the "fisheye" stunt. Because it was held earlier, the logo at that time appeared in the form of Expo posters.

Emblem of the 4th London Olympic Games +0908

1906 The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy temporarily moved the 1908 Olympic Games originally scheduled for Rome to London, but the London Olympic Games dedicated the first opening ceremony in the history of modern Olympic Games. During the period of 1948, the world was still in the recovery period after World War II, and people debated whether it was necessary to hold a sports event during this period. However, 1948 London Olympic Games was very popular in the end, which gave great spiritual comfort to people who were deeply traumatized by the war. 1908 The emblem of the London Olympic Games embodies a strong style of the times. The clothes of high jumpers, the posture of high jump, the cinder track behind them and the swimming pool in the center of the sports ground are all branded with the brand of that era.

Emblem of the 5th Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden +09 12

Sweden and Finland, located in northern Europe, are countries with early development of modern sports. Historically, they held a Summer Olympic Games respectively, which fully reflected the Nordic bodybuilding and vitality in the emblem. 19 12 The emblem of the Stockholm Olympic Games in Sweden condenses the yearning of athletes from all over the world for the Olympic Movement: it depicts a group of competitive Olympic athletes waving their national flags and rushing to the Olympic Stadium. From this, we can vaguely smell the ancient Olympic Games.

Emblem of the Seventh Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium, 1920

1920, the Olympic Games chose Antwerp, a port city with a long history in Belgium, which is also the most prosperous commercial and artistic city in Europe. 1928, Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands, attracted people who advocate sports all over the world with its rich human history. The design styles of the emblems of the two Olympic Games are similar. On the upper right of the emblem of the Antwerp Olympic Games in Belgium is the shield of the host city, with a discus and a strong semi-naked man in the middle, which reminds people of the ancient Olympic Games. The background is the famous Antwerp Tower. In the emblem, Qi Fei, the national flag of the participating countries, symbolizes the unity of the five continents.

Emblem of the Eighth Olympic Games in Paris, France, 1924 (Go your own way)

Paris has hosted two Olympic Games. Although Paris in 1900 could only play a supporting role in the World Expo, the Parisians in 1924 held the best Olympic Games in the history of that time with their enthusiasm. Let's appreciate the charm of this city through the emblems of these two Olympic Games. 1924 The emblem of the Paris Olympic Games is mainly the emblem of Paris, with an ancient sailboat sailing in the sea in the middle, with the captions of "The Eighth Paris Olympic Games 1924" and "French Olympic Committee". Strictly speaking, this is the first emblem in the history of modern Olympic Games. Since then, the Olympic emblem and poster have been officially separated.

Emblem of the 9th Olympic Games in Amsterdam, Netherlands +0928

1920, the Olympic Games chose Antwerp, a port city with a long history in Belgium, which is also the most prosperous commercial and artistic city in Europe. 1928, Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands, attracted people who advocate sports all over the world with its rich human history. The design styles of the emblems of the two Olympic Games are similar. Compared with Antwerp, the emblem of the Amsterdam Olympic Games eight years later incorporates more modern factors. On the blue background, a long-distance runner holds high a white laurel branch symbolizing victory. At the bottom of the emblem, there are waves of the Dutch flag in red, white and blue. The emblem creatively combines elements such as Holland, sports, victory and Olympics.

Emblem of the 10th Olympic Games in Los Angeles, USA (the first emblem to use the Olympic symbol)

The two Los Angeles Olympic Games are of great significance to China people. 1932 Liu Changchun participated in the track and field competition of the Olympic Games for the first time on behalf of China, while the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984 was the first time that New China organized a delegation to participate in the Summer Olympic Games after returning to the Olympic family. 1932 the main body of the emblem of the los Angeles Olympic games is the national flag of the host country, and the center of the emblem is the Olympic five-ring symbol, representing the victory of laurel branches. Faster, higher and stronger Olympic spirit appeared in the Olympic emblem for the first time, which fully demonstrated the American spirit pursued by Americans.

12 Olympic Games and 13 Olympic Games

The International Olympic Committee selected Tokyo as the venue for the 12 Olympic Games, which was originally scheduled to be held from September to 19401October 6. 1937 Japan launched a war of aggression against China. Under the pressure of the military, the Japanese Olympic Committee had to announce that 1940 Japan could not host the Olympic Games. In this situation, the IOC decided to change the venue of the Summer Olympic Games to Helsinki, with the duration of 1940, from July 20th to August 4th. Due to the outbreak of World War II, Finland notified the International Olympic Committee to give up the right to host the Games on June 5438+0940+1 October1. Subsequently, wars spread all over Europe and around the world, and the 12 Olympic Games was aborted.

On the eve of World War II, the International Olympic Committee also selected the venue for the 13 Olympic Games. 1939 The London meeting of the International Olympic Committee selected London as the venue. However, due to the war, this Olympic Games was not held.

The Olympic torch

Today's torch relay and the Olympic flame, since there is no ancient Olympic club, where should we start? In fact, it has something to do with both world wars. The Olympic flame was first lit in 1920 to commemorate the heroes who died in another world war. During the period of 1928, the International Olympic Committee took lighting the Olympic flame as the prescribed action of the opening ceremony.

However, the torch relay of the modern Olympic Games is still due to Nazi Germany. 1936 Before the Berlin Olympic Games, inspired by Hitler, the Nazi leader who worshipped ancient Greece, especially Spartans, Dr. Karl Dimei, the head of the Berlin Olympic Organizing Committee, combined two customs of ancient Greece and created a set of Olympic torch relay and flame ceremony that is still in use today.

1936 On July 20th, under the arrangement of Nazi Germany, Greek priests and 14 local boys and girls stood in the stadium of the ancient Olympic Games in traditional costumes and concentrated sunlight on a piece of wood with the reflection of a mirror until the wood became hot and caught fire. The virgin is singing: "Oh, sacred flame, light it in an ancient and sacred place, and start your running."

Krupp, the largest Nazi arsenal (where the famous Krupp cannon was produced), also contributed to the Olympic torch relay, and all the torches were marked with Krupp's trademark. After a brief ceremony, the flame passed through Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria and Czechoslovakia, and arrived at the torch platform of the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, Germany on August 1 day.

Nazi Germany propaganda machine also publicized the torch relay ceremony. In the large-scale documentary "Olympia" released by Hitler's famous female directors leni riefenstahl 1938, the most famous scene is a Greek relay hand, holding a torch slowly in the Aegean Sea at dusk.

Although life is closely related to Nazi aesthetics, because of her classical and lofty sense of ceremony, it continued to be handed down even after the collapse of Nazi. 1948, London, which was repeatedly bombed by the Nazis, hosted the first Olympic Games after World War II, and followed a series of ceremonies such as the lighting of the old site of Olympia and the torch relay. Today, the torch relay has become a symbol of global solidarity, and people have long forgotten its Nazi origin.

Olympic project mode

An intuitive and concise sign can be seen at a glance without language explanation. The project pattern pays attention to planarization and line drawing, and the coloring is also monochrome, clear and generous. All aspects of this competition use the project mode.

Since the founding of the modern Olympic Games, every Olympic Games has specially drawn the patterns of competition events. Generally speaking, all the events in the Olympic Games have their own project modes. In the Olympic Games before 1950s, common visual symbols were generally used in the project patterns. Since 1964, hieroglyphics representing various sports have appeared in the Olympic Games. A few strokes can accurately and vividly represent a sports event, which not only eliminates the language barrier between people, facilitates the organization of international sports events, but also becomes a special symbol of sports culture. Icons of sports events have become an indispensable part of the Olympic Games.

Since the 18 Olympic Games, except for the 2 1 Olympic Games of 1976, pictograms of previous events have been adopted, and each session has launched its own design, which is quite unique.