Mechanical watches should be divided into automatic mechanical watches, semi-automatic mechanical watches and mechanical watches. Automatic mechanical watches don't need batteries, but they need a spring. The only difference from ordinary mechanical watches is that there is no handle for manual winding in automatic mechanical watches. Instead, the watch has a rotatable weight around the clockwork. When a person's hand is moving, the weight will make a small circular motion to drive the clockwork gear to fill it up. When the spring is tightened to a certain extent, the weight will still move, and the gear will not idle when the spring is full, so the spring is no longer energized.
The difference between an automatic mechanical watch and a semi-automatic mechanical watch is that the weight of the automatic mechanical watch does work in both directions, while the semi-automatic mechanical watch does work in one direction.
Automatic mechanical watch is an improvement of manual mechanical watch, in which a pendulum is added; When worn, the pendulum in the watch will rotate due to the movement of the wrist, thus achieving the effect of winding. General automatic mechanical watches still retain the function of manual winding, in other words, the crown can still forward the bar, and only some cheaper automatic mechanical movements will omit this function. Moreover, since wrist movement will continue to wind the watch, the automatic mechanical watch has the function of preventing the spring from being too tight and avoiding the damage of the spring. However, the emergence of automatic mechanical watches did not completely replace manual mechanical watches, but now there are more products of automatic mechanical watches than manual mechanical watches.
Tourbillon.
180 1 was invented by a. l. breguet, which is a device to eliminate the deviation caused by vertical position. Include a movable housing or have an escapement member therein. The shell rotates once every minute to eliminate the travel time deviation when rotating vertically. After the invention of Breguet, tourbillon attracted many watchmakers and took up a lot of their time. Because tourbillon is designed to compensate for the loss of clock accuracy caused by gravity, this ingenious mechanism is considered to be one of the most difficult complex clock devices to manufacture and the main reason for its high cost.
Are the diamonds on the diamond-encrusted watch real?
The value of diamonds is generally determined by quality, size and cutting technology. , a little cheaper 1000 yuan. Because of the high cost, even expensive watches are rarely inlaid with real diamonds (even if there are, the price will rise and only the rich can accept them), and they are generally artificial diamonds.
◆ What are the classifications of watches?
Watches on the market can be roughly divided into two categories: mechanical watches and timely electronic watches. Additional functions of mechanical watches include automatic winding, calendar display, multi-needle indication and so on. Quartz electronic watches have many additional functions, especially those with digital display, and their decorative functions are more colorful. High value-added products include sapphire watches, ceramic cases, tungsten steel cases, and diamond-encrusted techniques. From the wearing style and requirements, it can be divided into formal dress table, casual dress table, formal dress table, sports table and professional chronograph. Generally speaking, different styles of watches should be worn on different occasions. From the wearer's point of view, it can be divided into male models, female models, neutral models and children's models.
◆ What is the difference between a mechanical watch and a quartz watch?
Mechanical watches rely on the winding of spring to provide power and time through gear transmission. Mechanical watches are divided into manual winding and automatic winding. Due to the complex structure, the phenotype is heavy. Due to the characteristics of travel time principle and the influence of gravity, mechanical friction, temperature change and use, the error is larger than that of quartz watch. Quartz watches rely on batteries to provide power, and take the extremely stable high-frequency vibration of the crystal as the time reference, so quartz watches are more accurate and relatively low in cost, which can be described as inexpensive. Of course, although the appearance of quartz watches has a great impact on traditional mechanical watches, they still cannot completely replace mechanical watches. Many men or collectors still like mechanical watches in the traditional sense.
◆ The mirror, case and watch of a watch are made of several materials.
According to the material, watch mirrors can be basically divided into plastic mirrors, timely glass mirrors and sapphire mirrors. Rubber mirror is relatively not afraid of falling, but easy to wear, sapphire watch mirror is the most wear-resistant. The common materials of case and strap are plastic, copper, stainless steel, tungsten-titanium alloy, high-tech ceramics, gold and so on. Sapphire glass, tungsten-titanium alloy and high-tech ceramics are wear-resistant, and the hardness can reach Mohs 9, 8 and 7 respectively (10 for diamonds). Although these materials are not easy to wear, they cannot withstand strong impact. At the same time, some substances with the same or higher hardness, such as diamonds, corundum, oxidized metals and timely crystals, may damage these materials. Grindstone, sandpaper, nail polish, granite surface, concrete wall and floor all contain the above substances, which will scratch the surfaces of these materials. Watch cases and straps should be cleaned frequently, and watches should avoid contact with various chemical special products. Once in contact, it should be cleaned in time to avoid discoloration and peeling of the coating.
◆ Which is better, belt, steel belt or tungsten steel belt?
At present, there are several kinds of watchbands and mechanical watches. From the point of view of durability, tungsten steel bar has the highest hardness, is not easy to wear, and is expensive, but it is fragile and afraid of violent impact. The hardness of the steel strip is slightly lower, but the toughness is high. If the belt is corroded by sweat or chemicals for a long time, it will age and become brittle and hard. The small ring used to fix the belt is also easy to break and deform. But the belt is soft and light, comfortable to wear and not easy to hurt the skin or clothes. From the style point of view, tungsten steel bars and steel belts have a strong sense of metal, giving people a tough feeling. The belt is more elegant. In short, several kinds of straps have their own characteristics, and you can choose according to your own preferences and needs.
◆ Will sapphire glass never wear?
This statement is not scientific enough. Nothing can never be worn out, but it should be "not easy to wear out". At present, the hardness of sapphire is Moho 9, second only to the hardness of diamond 10, while the hardness of ordinary glass is Moho 5-6.
◆ Why do rust spots sometimes appear on all-steel shells?
Generally, all-steel watches will not rust under increasing conditions, but everything is relative. There are many kinds of stainless steel. Sweat excreted by the human body contains hydrochloric acid and is worn on the hands. If it is eroded by sweat for a long time or allowed to accumulate acid, alkali and salt dirt without wiping, rust spots will gradually appear on the watch case, especially in the depression of the back cover. Therefore, you should pay attention to the maintenance of your watch and often wipe off the dust and sweat on the case. In addition, it is necessary to avoid wearing watches on occasions such as strong acid and alkali, so that rust spots will not appear on the all-steel case.
◆ What is the power source of the automatic mechanical watch?
Mainly from the wearer's wrist activity. The flying part of the watch swings when the owner is active, thus winding the watch. Therefore, if the wearer does not wear it for a long time, the string force will be insufficient or empty, resulting in the watch not being able to walk or stop. Old people and people who often sit in offices and do little exercise are not suitable for wearing such watches. In this case, the wearer is advised to wind the watch manually on a regular basis.
◆ What is a "luminous watch"? What's the difference between it and electroluminescent instrument?
Commonly known as "luminous watch", it refers to a watch whose hands or nails are coated with fluorescent powder, and the hands or nails can glow in the dark. Another kind of luminous watch is an electroluminescent watch which appeared in the mid-1990s and can make the whole surface glow. The difference between the two is as follows: 1), the luminometer emits light by absorbing natural light energy, while the electroluminescent meter emits light by relying on the electric energy of the battery. 2) The "light" of the luminous meter can only be seen in dark light, and the electroluminescent meter can emit light at any time as long as the corresponding pressing system is pressed. 3) The luminous time of the luminous instrument is limited by the time and intensity of absorbing light, and the electric fluorescence is limited by the battery power.
◆ How to choose a watch from its appearance?
First, the watch glass should be clear, bright and clean, without blisters, scratches and cracks, and closely cooperate with the case.
Two, the shell should be uniform color, no obvious scratches, defects, corrosion.
Third, the back cover of the watch is clearly marked and closely matched with the case, and the sealing ring must not be exposed.
Fourth, the hour hand, minute hand and second hand should be straight, and there should be appropriate gaps between the needles, between the needles and the dial, and between the needles and the mirror.
Five, mesa should be clean, uniform color, trademark and scale clear, uniform scale. The appropriate position of calendar characters in the box. The figures show that the handwriting is clear and flawless.
Six, mechanical watch (back or hollow) movement without plastic parts, the pendulum rotates smoothly.
◆ The more functions, the better the watch?
Watches have many functions and the design is relatively complicated, but it doesn't mean that the ones with many functions are the best. Many expensive watches are often the simplest in design. Watches with fewer functions are more convenient to maintain and have lower failure rate. It should be said that what suits you is the best. A good watch is measured by its movement, material, workmanship and design style.
◆ What is the error standard of watches?
Due to the structural characteristics of clockwork, the friction and fatigue between coils, the change of output torque from strong to weak, and the friction between clockwork and gear when transmitting torque will affect the accuracy of clocks and watches. In addition, climate temperature, gravity, magnetic field, regional environment and location also affect the normal operation of clockwork pendulum clock. Nowadays, quartz watches overcome the weakness of mechanical watches, and adopt the extremely stable high-frequency vibration of the timely crystal as the time reference. Generally, the time error of quartz watches is 0.5s (excellent product), and that of mechanical watches is in the range of 15s/d- 120s/d or even greater. Take some famous foreign brands as examples: imported jazz watches (the export standard for men's watches is -25 ~+29s/d, and that for women's watches is -25 ~+29s/d). 4-5 watches, such as Pronto, Nivada, Certina, Enigma, Sandoz, Titus, etc. Generally, the standard requirements for factories and sellers are that the weekly time difference is less than 45s/d, 2 ~ 3 watches such as Titoni, Sima, Marvin and TAG Heuer are less than +30s/d, and high-end watches such as Rolex, Omega and Longines are less than+15s/d. The above data are for reference only. If you are used to quartz watches, please don't be surprised by the high error of mechanical watches. You can't have your cake and eat it. Many people's mechanical complex is irreplaceable by quartz watches. On the contrary, if you have a high demand for the accuracy of time, you can choose a quartz watch.
◆ How to distinguish waterproof watches?
The waterproof function of watches is usually divided into 30m, 50m,100m, etc. The waterproof aprons on the main surface, back cover and watch handle meet the corresponding waterproof standards. A waterproof meter of 30 meters (3 atmospheres, that is, 3 atmospheres) can be used for daily grooming or raining, that is, water droplets only splash on the surface without any water pressure being added to the meter. 50m waterproof meter can be used for swimming and general housework, and 100m waterproof meter can be used for underwater work such as swimming and diving.
In general, waterproof meters should not be used in hot baths, saunas or environments with large temperature changes. Because the waterproof apron is affected by temperature, it will expand with heat and contract with cold, resulting in cracks and accelerating aging, thus affecting the waterproof function. Moreover, the surrounding water vapor molecules are relatively small, which can easily penetrate to the surface and cause internal mechanical damage.
The handle should be kept in the normal position, and the threaded handle should be tightened. Never adjust the watch handle in water.
Even the waterproof apron of professional waterproof instrument should be replaced in time after one year, otherwise its waterproof performance cannot be guaranteed. It is best to replace the waterproof parts of the quartz watch at the same time every time the battery is replaced to ensure good waterproof performance.
◆ Is the diamond on the diamond-encrusted watch real?
The value of diamonds is generally determined by quality, size and cutting technology. , a little cheaper 1000 yuan. Because of the high cost, even expensive watches are rarely inlaid with real diamonds (even if there are, the price will rise and only the rich can accept them), and they are generally artificial diamonds.
◆ How to wear it more stylish?
Whether it is a gentleman or a lady, we can clearly see the quality of the owner from his wearing and using watches, especially men, who love watches more like lovers. Wearing a watch correctly will make you more elegant.
1, keep your watch clean and tidy. If your watch is dirty, even the best personal image will be greatly reduced.
2. The watch strap should not be too tight or too loose. Too tight is not only ugly, but also affects the blood circulation of the hand; Too loose is not only inconvenient, but also easy to damage the watch and wrist.
3, the general watch should be worn near the wrist. Men can be closer to their hands, and women can be the opposite, setting off slender hands and being more gentle.
Take off your watch when washing your hands. This is the best time to show your gentlemanly demeanor, and it is also the basic accomplishment of caring for watches.
5. Adjust the time of the watch in time. Don't give people the bad impression of sloppy time.
What if the wrist is thick?
Generally, the design of the strap length of a watch will take into account the thickness of the wearer's wrist, which is generally long and leaves room, about 20 cm. If your wrist is particularly thick, you can also consult the shopkeeper in advance. Customers with thin wrists can make adjustments. Note that it is best to adjust the watch in a professional watch repair place, which is very simple, but don't adjust it yourself, because it is easy to damage the watch without specific professional tools and technology; Of course, you don't need a leather strap or anything.
My watch is broken. Can I change it myself?
Generally, both timekeeping and electronic watches need batteries to provide power, and the life of batteries is generally around 1-2 years. When the hands of your watch are shaking, slowing down, stopping running and other abnormal phenomena, you should consider replacing the battery. At present, the price in button cell is not expensive, but disassembling watches is a technical job. It is not recommended to disassemble and replace the watch yourself. It is best to replace it at a professional watch repair office. Note that the watch should be replaced or taken out as soon as possible after it runs out of power to avoid battery leakage and damage to the movement.
◆ How long is the life of a watch?
So far, the service life of watches can't be expressed by exact figures. Generally speaking, the service life of a watch is related to whether the wearer uses and maintains the watch correctly. For example, wearing a watch to take a bath, the watch looks dirty, the strap length is not appropriate, and the use environment is harsh. Serious impact will make the watch easy to damage and shorten its service life. A good watch, if properly maintained, will still be shipped away decades later.
◆ Matters needing attention when using watches
First, non-professionals should not open the back cover to prevent damage.
Second, it is forbidden to adjust the time between 10 at night and 2 am.
Third, after the watch is adjusted, you must push the handle back to the end.
Fourth, strap length adjustment: fine-tune the position of the movable pin and greatly adjust the strap particles that need to be disassembled.
The above description is only for ordinary quartz watches and mechanical watches, excluding watches with special movements.
Mid-to-high-end watches should be maintained once every two years or so, such as replacing waterproof parts, testing the running performance and movement power consumption, cleaning and maintaining the movement, and cleaning the appearance to prevent your watch from retiring prematurely. It is best to put desiccant in the place where the watch is placed, but avoid using chemicals such as moth balls and insect repellents. Watches should not be used in a strong magnetic field environment, nor should they be subjected to strong impact. Don't wear it when swimming (including watches marked waterproof), and don't pull out the handle and point it at the needle in wet environment. Push the handle head behind the needle to prevent chemicals from contacting the watch to rust, especially the gold-plated watch (people who sweat a lot should pay attention). Do not open the back cover of the watch at will to avoid dust entering the movement and affecting the normal work of the watch. If you find a fault in the use of the watch, you should go to the store to repair it in time.
Usually, it is best not to wear the same watch every day, but to prepare several different watches for alternate use, which can not only enrich personal style, but also avoid dust and dirt from being concentrated on the same watch. For leather straps, we should pay attention to avoid frequent wear and tear caused by daily use, and try to avoid contact with water, so as not to make the strap hard, moldy and broken. Otherwise, even if the surface is new, the watch will look very old.
◆ Why can't I wear an ordinary waterproof watch when swimming?
Ordinary waterproof watches are not diving watches. Although they are sealed to prevent the invasion of sweat and harmful gases, they are not absolutely water-free. At the same time, there will be some inevitable phenomena in the use of the watch: the rubber band in the handle or the handle tube will gradually wear out every day; Due to the influence of temperature, the watch glass expands with heat and contracts with cold, which will cause a gap between it and the upper frame of the watch case; The waterproof apron of the back cover is aged or corroded by sweat, which will reduce the waterproof performance of the waterproof meter. Therefore, never wear a common waterproof watch to go swimming or take a bath. Even when washing clothes, washing dishes and cooking, be careful not to splash water on the watch or let water vapor enter the watch, otherwise the internal parts of the watch will rust when exposed to water, which will affect the walking quality and even lose its use value.
◆ What should I do if my watch is flooded?
If it is only a small amount of fog, it will disappear after a long time, or it can be baked under a light bulb instead of on a fire. Or you can put the watch cover inward, the bottom shell outward, and put it on your wrist backwards, so that the water vapor will be eliminated after two hours. If there is a lot of accumulated water and water droplets can be seen, you should find a professional watch repair firm for repair as soon as possible. Although life waterproof watches have been waterproof to a certain extent, they are generally not strictly inspected. It is recommended to avoid contact with water when wearing, just in case. Watches are high-precision items, please take good care of them.
◆ How to deal with the magnetism of the watch?
Once the watch is magnetized, it will affect the accuracy of time. The elimination method is simple. Find an unmagnetized iron ring, put the watch in the ring and wear it slowly. After a few minutes, the watch will be degaussed and restored.
◆ Will the gold-plated watch fade?
I will. The gold-plated layer on gold-plated watches is mostly 14K gold, which contains 58.5% pure gold and a certain amount of silver. After silver reacts with some volatile industrial waste gas in the air, a black silver sulfide film will be formed on the surface, which will make the gold-plated watch lose its golden luster. Therefore, wear gold-plated watches to avoid contact with chemicals and waste gas, such as gas, liquefied gas, sulfur soap, etc., and always keep them dry and clean. In addition, chloride in sweat is very corrosive to gold-plated watches.
How to maintain the belt
If the belt is worn for a long time and the smell of sweat is heavy, you can dip it in soapy water with a small brush, quickly scrub the dirty place, then rinse it quickly with clear water, dry it with a dry cloth, and finally apply some leather oil (for sensitive skin, it is recommended not to use any oil agent on the back). The whole cleaning process should be completed within 10 to 20 seconds, so as to avoid soap infiltration and affect the cortex. The maintenance of belt watches is really not a difficult job. As long as you pay more attention, you can "prolong your life". Why not?