The working principle of solar water heater is that according to the distribution of solar radiation energy by wavelength, selective absorption coating is adopted to absorb visible light and near infrared solar radiation energy. Water is heated by solar radiation in the heat collector, and the temperature rises. In the heat collector and water tank, the density difference caused by different water temperatures leads to natural convection, and the water with relatively high temperature continuously enters the solar thermal insulation water tank.

1, endothermic process

Heat absorption process of vacuum tube solar water heater: the sunlight is absorbed by the heat collecting plate through the glass cover plate, and then reaches the water in the heat absorbing tube along the fins and the tube wall. The water in the tube of solar water heater rises due to its high endothermic temperature and low specific gravity, which generates upward power and forms a thermosyphon system. Hot water rises slowly and collects in the upper part of the water storage tank. At the same time, low-temperature water will continue to enter the circulating pipeline for replenishment, so that the water in the water tank can reach a certain temperature.

Heat absorption process of flat solar water heater: the medium circulates in the heat collecting plate through thermosiphon, the heat radiated by the sun is transferred to the water tank, and the heat is transferred to the cold water in the water tank through heat exchange. In addition, the medium of solar water heater can also use pump circulation to transfer heat.

2. Circulating pipeline

Household solar water heaters basically work by natural circulation and do not need external power supply. If the system is well designed, it can be almost circulated when the temperature rises to 5 ~ 6℃. Direct-entry vacuum tube solar water heater is powered by gravity. Flat solar water heaters rely on the pressure of tap water (called top water) to supply energy, while solar central heating systems rely on pump circulation to supply energy.

3. Water supply process

Generally, there are two ways to use water for solar water heaters: the former changes from low water temperature to high water temperature, which will lead to water shortage if it is not well controlled, and the latter changes from high water temperature to low water temperature, which is relatively easy to control, but the supply of tap water should be ensured. If tap water can maintain water supply, it is generally recommended to choose top water type.

When the domestic solar water heater is designed for top water supply, the internal structure of the water tank must be designed reasonably to ensure uniform water discharge and prevent "short circuit" or dead angle in the waterway. It is best to design the pipeline as a water connection mode, so as to be used when the tap water pressure is insufficient or the water supply is stopped.

2 solar water heater price

According to different brands, specifications and quality, the price of solar water heaters is also different. The average price is around 500-900 yuan, the mid-range price is around 1000-8000 yuan, and the price of higher-end solar water heaters is around 10000 yuan.

3 shortcomings of solar water heaters

1, the hot water pipe is more than ten meters long, which wastes a lot of water every time it is used. Taking a typical φ 12mm water pipe as an example, the water storage capacity per 1m length is 0. 1 13kg. If the average length of solar hot water pipes is 15m, about 1.7kg of water will be wasted each time. If it is used 6 times a day on average, it wastes10.2kg of water every day; Waste 360 kilograms of water every month; Waste 4320 kilograms of water every year; 43,200 kilograms of water was wasted in ten years.

Solar water heater needs sunshine all day to heat water. When the weather is good, they can only guarantee hot water at night, and there is almost no hot water available during the day and night. Users can not be guaranteed 24-hour hot water supply, and the comfort is poor.

3. The lighting board of the solar water heater must be installed on the roof, which is bulky and bulky, affecting the beauty of the building (the more high-end residential areas are, the more obvious it is) and easily damaging the waterproof layer of the roof.

How to use solar water heater

1, water injection: it is the first time to inject water into a newly bought water heater. It is best to inject water in the morning or at night to avoid tube explosion. At night, water can be injected 2 hours after meals or before going to bed, because water injection at night has better insulation effect. Pay attention to close the water supply valve after each filling. After water injection, water can be added at any time as long as the water can be released from the inner container. If the water heater has not been used for a long time, it is best to add water before the sun comes out in the morning to prevent the high-temperature glass tube from bursting when it meets the cold water surface.

2. Electric heating: Three-plug solar water heater can be electrically heated, which is generally used on cloudy days or when the temperature is low in winter. You don't need to plug in for a long time. Plug in electric heating water before using hot water, and unplug it when using it. After the power supply is connected, the red light on the plug is on, indicating that it is heating; The red light is not on, please press the blue button on the plug or check whether the power supply is plugged in. Generally, when the water temperature reaches 55-65 degrees, the water heater will automatically enter the temperature control range and the green light will light up. Usually, the time for electric heating water is about 1 hour.

3. Electric heating: The two plugs in the room are electric heating plugs, which are mainly used to protect the upper and lower water pipes and vent holes from freezing. They can only be plugged in at the end of 1 1 every year and unplugged at the end of February of the following year. You can't unplug the plug in the middle, because the vent hole should be kept open to avoid vacuum absorbing the water heater liner.

5 solar water heater brand

1, Four Seasons Mu Ge

Four Seasons Muge Group is the world's leading heat utilization enterprise of new energy, with strong strength in the field of solar energy, and goes deep into the field of new technologies and new energy, providing all-round wind (heating, cold air) water (hot water, clean water) services for civil, commercial and industrial applications.

2. Huang Ming

Huangming Solar Energy Co., Ltd. is a leading enterprise in the domestic solar energy industry. It holds 2 15 national patents, participates in the formulation of a number of national solar energy standards, and is committed to providing a number of solar hot water living system solutions.

3. Sang Le

Shandong Sang Le Solar Energy Co., Ltd. is a leading enterprise in large-scale solar thermal utilization industry, with its own unique advantages, and it is the only enterprise that promises free maintenance for product damage caused by natural disasters such as typhoons.

4. Haier Group

Haier electric appliance group is a leading enterprise in white goods, whose business involves many fields, providing a complete set of home appliance solutions for users all over the world, with super comprehensive strength, and many of its products are sought after by consumers.

5. Sun Rain

Sun Rain is the world's largest supplier of solar water heaters and hot water systems, with a number of solar energy application technologies. Its research and development of "thermal insulation wall" technology has promoted the development of thermal insulation technology in solar photothermal industry.

6. Tsinghua Sunshine

Tsinghua Sunshine is a famous brand of solar water heaters in China, which has led the development of solar energy technology in China. Its products are widely used in Zhongnanhai, Tsinghua University, Vanke Real Estate, Beijing Military Region and other well-known projects, and exported to Europe, America, Japan and other developed countries.

7.linoret

Shandong Linuoruite New Energy Co., Ltd. is a Sino-German joint venture, a well-known expert manufacturer in the field of solar energy industry in China, which is committed to the utilization of solar light and heat and air energy, and has production bases at home and abroad.

8. Pu Tian

Beijing Pu Tian Solar Energy Industry Co., Ltd. is a well-known comprehensive service provider of new energy in the industry, and participated in national projects such as the construction of the 2008 Olympic Games, the national torch plan and the national 863 plan. The company's business is mainly solar water heaters, with an annual output of 6.5438+0 million units.

9. Yijianeng

Shandong yijianeng solar energy co., ltd. is a well-known enterprise in the solar energy industry and has a certain position in the renewable energy industry. Its business covers a wide range of fields, mainly providing solar energy solutions, committed to the field of low-carbon environmental protection.

Huayang 10

Huayang Solar is a large-scale enterprise engaged in the research, development and manufacture of solar water heaters, with more than 70 patented technologies/kloc-0. It focuses on the utilization of solar energy and expands other new energy fields to provide green, comfortable and safe hot water solutions.

6 solar water heater installation

Installation instructions of solar water heater

1. The solar water heater should be installed in a place without shading, with the main body facing the sun (due south or due west about 10 degrees) and fixed firmly to avoid blowing down the water heater in bad windy weather;

2. Assembly sequence of the main body of the solar water heater: first assemble the support frame, then install the heat preservation water tank, then install the vacuum heat collection tube, and finally install the diffuse reflection plate (grating prevention);

3. When installing the vacuum collector tube, firstly clip the tailstock into the tailstock, then coat some lubricants such as cleaning agent on the outer wall of the annular opening of the vacuum collector tube, put on a dust-proof ring, align the vacuum tube axis with the vacuum tube hole axis of the water tank, slowly screw it into the water tank, and then screw it back to the tailstock carefully. When installing a water heater, pay attention to installing the outermost two vacuum heat collection tubes of the insulation barrel, adjust the gap between the vacuum tubes and the water tank hole to make it even, and then install the remaining vacuum tubes;

4. After the main body of the water heater is assembled, the pipeline can be installed. There are five holes on the two side covers of the heat preservation water tank, and the installation method can be flexibly selected according to actual needs. However, no matter which installation method, the ventilation pipe must be installed properly, with ventilation at the top and overflow at the bottom, so as to avoid bursting or deflation of the water tank due to poor ventilation.

5. After the vacuum collector tube is dried in anhydrous air, it is forbidden to inject cold water suddenly to prevent the vacuum collector tube from bursting when it suddenly enters cold water at high temperature. If the water heater is installed in the scorching sun, you can cover it with a sunshade or fill the vacuum collector tube with water, and fill it with water immediately after all the installation is completed. It is suggested that the water supply time should be at night or in the morning when the temperature is not too high;

6. In order to ensure the normal use of the water heater in cold winter, it is suggested that the upper and lower water pipes should be insulated or vented to prevent the pipes from freezing and cracking, which will affect the use;

7. When laying pipelines, the beauty of buildings should not be damaged, and sewers should be firmly fixed with buildings.

Precautions for installation of solar water heater

1, the solar water heater is installed outdoors, and the water heater and roof should be installed firmly to resist strong winds.

2. In winter in the north, the water heater pipes must be treated with heat preservation and antifreeze to prevent the water pipes from freezing and cracking.

3. The water heater should be designed and installed by the manufacturer or professional installation team.

Attention: check whether the water tank of the water heater leaks, whether the parts are aging, whether the collector is damaged, whether the bracket is rusted, etc. Replace and repair in time when problems are found, preferably professional installation and maintenance personnel.

7 Repair and maintenance of solar water heaters

Maintenance of solar water heater;

First of all, the solar water heater is not filled with water.

Reasons: ① The water heater is installed on the roof, and the tap water pressure is insufficient; (2) The water pipe line of the water heater is broken and leaks; ③ The indoor and outdoor connecting pipes of the water heater are frozen.

Elimination methods: ① Add a booster pump to the solar water heater; ; ② The upper and lower water pipes of the solar water heater can be reconnected or replaced; ③ Replace damaged pipe fittings Note: If the user encounters the above situation, please do not disassemble the water heater by yourself, please contact the local service provider to eliminate it.

Second, solar water heaters cannot be electrically heated.

1, the leakage protection plug of the water heater automatically trips and cannot be closed repeatedly. It may be that the electric heating system leaks or the leakage plug is broken;

2. The solar water heater can't be electrically heated, and the overheating protector may be disconnected, so it needs to be reset manually;

3. The water heater keeps heating, so the contacts of the thermostatic relay can't jump. Unplug the leakage protection plug when the auxiliary electric heating fails;

4. Solar water heaters with control instruments cannot be electrically heated. There are three possibilities: ① the electric heating tube is broken; ② There is something wrong with the electric heating circuit; (3) The control instrument is broken and there is no power supply.

Maintenance of solar water heater;

1, regularly clean the water tank to prevent moss growing; Dredge the pipeline regularly to prevent dirt from blocking.

2. Regularly clean the dust and dirt on the appearance of the water heater, and pay attention to keeping the appearance clean and bright.

3. Check the transparent cover plate regularly. If it is damaged, please replace it with a new cover plate.

4, vacuum tube solar water heater should pay attention to check whether the vacuum in the tube is exhausted or broken, and replace it in time. In addition, the vacuum tube reflector should be cleaned frequently.

5. Check regularly for leakage or paint peeling. In order to prevent rust, it is generally best to brush protective paint once a year.

6, try to prevent the occurrence of stuffy sun, otherwise it is easy to damage the water heater and shorten the service life.

7. For the water heater with auxiliary heat source device, remember to check whether it works normally regularly, and handle it in time once the fault is found.

8 solar water heater antifreeze

1. If you find that the pipeline is blocked by freezing, don't panic. When the temperature rises, the pipeline will generally be dredged automatically. Remember to drain the water in the water heater after using it at night, and add a proper amount of water the next morning to release a part, which can effectively prevent the pipeline from freezing and blocking. However, if the pipeline is blocked for many times, it will affect the service life and the pipeline is easy to freeze and crack.

2. If the weather forecast says that the temperature will drop below 0℃ the next day, after using the water heater at night, fill the water tank with water, then put the object filled with water under the faucet of the water heater, and open the hot water valve a little to ensure that water drops will drip out slowly. This is to keep water flowing in the pipe. The so-called running water does not rot, which is the truth.

3. When using the solar water heater in sunny days in winter, it is best to use the water in the water heater several times a day, and rely on the water temperature to raise the pipeline temperature. Put a small amount of water before going to bed and after getting up to make the water in the pipeline move, which can prevent the water pipe from freezing and blocking. The lower the temperature, the more water should be drained frequently. If the water heater suddenly finds water in the water tank during use and the water flow decreases, stop using the water heater immediately or it will deflate the water tank, because the exhaust hole may be blocked. At this time, you should add more water to the water tank to balance the negative pressure in the water tank and repair it immediately after sale.

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