Trade in goods, trade in services, trade in intellectual property rights

This is the classification of foreign trade based on the commodity content of foreign trade.

Trade in goods refers to the cross-border exchange of tangible goods. There are many types of international trade in goods. In order to facilitate statistics, after World War II, the Statistical Commission of the United Nations Economic and Social Council revised the "Concise Commodity Catalog of International Trade Statistics" formulated by the League of Nations before the war and adapted it into the International Trade Statistics Committee. Standard Classification (Standard International Trade Classification-SITC) was revised in 1960 and 1977 respectively. This standard classification divides international trade commodities into 10 categories, 63 chapters, 233 groups, 786 groups and 1924 basic items.

The 10 major categories of commodities are:

Food and live animals mainly for consumption are (0);

Beverages and tobacco are (1) ;

Non-edible crude raw materials other than fuel are (2);

Raw materials related to mineral fuels and lubricants are (3);

Animal and vegetable oils and fats Oils and fats are (4);

Unlisted chemicals and related products are (5);

The manufacturing outlets mainly classified by raw materials are (6);

Machinery and transportation equipment is (7);

Miscellaneous products are (8);

Other commodities not classified are (9).

In international trade statistics, commodities in categories 0 to 4 are called primary products, and commodities in categories 5 to 8 are called finished products.

Trade in services, according to the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services, refers to: “the provision of services (cross-border delivery) from the territory of one member to the territory of other members; the provision of services (cross-border delivery) from the territory of one member to the territory of other members; The service consumers of any other member provide services (overseas consumption); the service providers of one member provide services with commercial presence in the territory of any other member (commercial presence); the service providers of one member provide services as natural persons in the territory of any other member Existence of provision of services (movement of natural persons). "The service sector includes the following: business services, communication services, construction and related engineering services, distribution services, educational services, environmental services, financial services, health and social services, tourism and related services, Entertainment, cultural and sports services, transportation services, and other services not included.

Intellectual property trade, according to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, intellectual property rights include the following: copyrights, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs, patents, integrated circuit layouts design, undisclosed information, etc. Intellectual property trade, in a narrow sense, refers to trade with intellectual property as the subject, mainly including intellectual property licensing, intellectual property transfer, etc., that is, between enterprises, economic organizations or individuals, according to general commercial conditions, A kind of trade behavior that sells or purchases the right to use intellectual property rights from another party.

In a broad sense, it also includes the trade of intellectual property products, which refers to high value-added high-tech products with high and new technologies, such as integrated circuits, computer software, multimedia products, audio-visual products, audio-visual products, literary works, etc. trade practices.