1. Classification by trademark structure

1. Word trademarks

refers to trademarks consisting only of words, including Chinese characters, ethnic minority characters, and foreign characters. and Arabic numerals or a combination of various different words;

2. Graphic trademarks

refers to trademarks consisting only of graphics. Which can be divided into:

(1) Symbol trademark: refers to a trademark that uses some simple symbols to form a pattern;

(2) Geometric figure trademark: refers to a more abstract trademark Trademarks composed of graphics;

(3) Natural graphic trademarks: graphic trademarks composed of natural objects such as people, animals, plants, natural scenery, etc.

Some are based on actual photos, while others are trademarks composed of natural graphics that have been processed, refined, summarized and exaggerated;

3. Letter trademarks

Refers to the smallest writing unit using pinyin characters or phonetic symbols, including trademarks composed of pinyin characters, foreign letters such as English letters, Latin letters, etc.;

4. Digital trademarks

A trademark composed of Arabic numerals, Roman numerals or Chinese capital numerals;

5. Three-dimensional logo trademark

Also known as a three-dimensional trademark, it uses three dimensions: length, width and height. A trademark mark composed of a metric three-dimensional object mark. It is different from the trademark pattern that we usually see on a flat surface. Instead, it appears in a three-dimensional material form. This form may appear on the appearance of the product, or on the appearance of the product. It can be expressed on the product's container or elsewhere.

This is a new content added to the newly revised "Trademark Law" in 2001, which will make my country's trademark protection system more complete;

6. Color combination trademarks

A color combination trademark refers to a trademark that is composed of two or more colors arranged and combined. Trademarks composed of words, patterns and colors are not color combination trademarks, but are just general combination trademarks;

7. Combination trademarks (1 to 6 above)

Refer to two A trademark composed of one or more components is also called a composite trademark;

8. Sound trademark

A set of music composed of notes or a special sound as a A trademark for goods or services is an audio trademark.

For example, a record company in the United States used 11 notes to form a set of music and recorded it at the beginning of the tapes they sold as a mark to identify their products. This company applied for registration in order to protect the exclusive rights of its speakers and prevent others from using and copying them. Audio trademarks are currently only recognized in a few countries such as the United States. It cannot be registered as a trademark in my country;

9. Smell trademarks

Smell trademarks use a special smell as a trademark to distinguish different goods and services.

Currently, this kind of trademark is only recognized as a trademark in certain countries. It cannot be registered as a trademark in our country;

2. Classification by trademark users

1. Product trademarks

A product trademark is a mark of a product; it is a trademark The most basic form of expression, commonly referred to as trademarks mainly refers to commodity trademarks; commodity trademarks can be divided into industrial trademarks of commodity producers and commercial trademarks of commodity sellers;

(1) Industrial trademarks : Also known as manufacturing trademark, industrial trademark, and production trademark, it refers to a trademark that clearly indicates the producer of a product and is the main form of use by enterprises.

This kind of trademark has the same meaning as a "manufacturer's name". It allows the goods produced by the commodity producer to have the producer's mark, thereby distinguishing it from other producers and conveying a certain brand to consumers. The information and sources contained in the producers of various commodities, manufacturing trademarks are the most common in China;

(2) Commercial trademarks: also known as sales trademarks and promotional trademarks, refer to the purpose for which sellers (operators) A trademark used to sell goods.

The focus of this kind of trademark is to promote the mark of the seller of the goods, not the producer of the goods.

Those who use this kind of trademark are often commercial enterprises with high reputation and strength. They produce goods with their own trademarks under customized brands, thereby ensuring some credibility to consumers;

2. Service Trademark

Service trademark refers to a mark used to distinguish it from other similar services, such as the marks used by aviation, tour guides, insurance and finance, post and telecommunications, hotels, television stations, etc., which are service marks.

Issues related to service marks. . .

3. Collective trademarks

refers to registration in the name of a group, association or other organization for use by members of the organization in commercial activities to indicate that the user is a member of the organization A sign of qualification;

4. Unowned trademark

For some reason, the trademark registrant no longer exists, and this trademark is an unowned trademark.

3. Classification by trademark purpose

1. Business trademark

It refers to a specific logo or company name used by producers or operators in their own manufacturing or business operations. A trademark on a product. Some people call this mark a "factory mark", "store mark" or "division mark";

2. Certification mark

Refers to a mark made by It is controlled by an organization with the ability to supervise certain goods or services, and is used by units or individuals other than the organization to prove the origin, raw materials, manufacturing methods, quality or other specific requirements of the goods or services. Quality marks; such as: green food mark, genuine leather mark, pure wool mark, electrician mark, etc.;

3. Grade trademarks

Grade refers to differences in product quality, specifications, and grades. The same trademark or different trademarks used on a product.

Some of these trademarks have the same name, but different graphics or text fonts; some have the same graphics, but in order to distinguish the quality of different goods, they are marked in different colors, different papers, different printing techniques or Other logos are used to distinguish them, and some use different trademark names or graphics to distinguish them. For example: Shenyang Brewery uses different trademarks to distinguish grades, so it is called grade trademark;

4. Group trademarks

Group trademarks refer to similar goods because Several trademarks are used for the purpose of differentiation due to different varieties, specifications, grades, and prices, and a trademark application for registration is filed at one time as a group of these trademarks.

Group trademarks are similar to hierarchical trademarks;

5. Family trademarks

Family trademarks are based on a certain trademark and then combine it with A trademark that combines various words or graphics and is used on various goods of the same company is also called a "derivative trademark". For example, the American Kodak Company created and derived trademarks such as "KOBACHROME", "KOBAGRAPH" and "KOBASCOPE" based on the "KOBAK" trademark, which are family trademarks;

6. Alternate trademarks

Standby trademarks are also called storage trademarks, which refer to registering several trademarks on the same goods or similar goods at the same time or separately. They may not be used immediately after registration, but are stored first and used when needed.

There are three main considerations for registering a backup trademark from the perspective of trademark strategy: first, although a certain product has not been put into production, it can be used in a timely manner once it is put into production without affecting product sales; second, to ensure The reputation of famous brand trademarks means that once the quality of the goods does not meet the requirements for some reason, a spare trademark (so-called sub-brand) can be used to temporarily replace it; thirdly, if the brand is damaged, the spare trademark can be replaced in time;

7. Defensive trademarks

Defensive trademarks refer to well-known trademark owners who, in order to prevent others from using their trademarks on different categories of goods, register their trademarks separately on non-similar goods. Trademarks are called defensive trademarks.

my country's current "Trademark Law" does not have clear provisions on this kind of trademark. According to international practice, this kind of trademark is generally difficult to register; but once registered, it will not be canceled by the national trademark authority because it is idle. .

8. Joint trademarks

Joint trademarks refer to several identical or similar trademarks registered by the same trademark owner on the same or similar goods. Some are similar in text, and some are similar in graphics. These trademarks are called joint trademarks.

After registration of such mutually similar trademarks, it is not necessarily necessary to use them. The purpose is to prevent others from counterfeiting or registering, thereby more effectively protecting one's own trademarks. A joint trademark is dominated by one of the trademarks, which is called the main trademark, also known as the official trademark. Due to the special role and function of joint trademarks, if one of the trademarks is left idle, it will not be revoked by the national trademark authority. Due to the similarity of the joint trademarks to each other, the joint trademarks may not be divided, used or transferred across categories.

9. Advertising trademarks

Advertising trademarks are trademarks specially used for advertising;

4. Classification according to the degree of trademark reputation

1. Ordinary trademarks

The vast majority of trademarks that do not receive special legal protection are used under normal circumstances;

2. Well-known trademarks

Refer to those used in smaller regions A well-known trademark within the scope (such as prefecture-level, city-county-level areas).

It is just a complimentary term for certain trademarks that appears more frequently in my country. It is mostly used in the selection of reputational trademarks at the prefecture, city, and county levels in my country, and is often used in local legislation or The emergence of local administrative legislation;

3. Famous trademarks

refers to trademarks that are relatively well-known within a certain geographical range (such as provincial areas). It is not an international term, but it is mostly used in the selection of provincial and municipal level reputation trademarks in my country, and often appears in local legislation or local administrative legislation;

4. Well-known trademarks

It refers to a trademark that enjoys a high reputation in a large geographical scope (such as national and international) markets, is generally known to the relevant public, has a good quality reputation, and enjoys special legal protection.

5. Classification by whether the trademark is registered or not

1. Registered trademark

means that the user of the trademark applies to the State Trademark Office for registration in accordance with legal procedures, and after review A trademark that is approved for registration later;

2. Unregistered trademark

A trademark that is used on goods or services without trademark registration is an unregistered trademark.

6. Classification according to the meaning of trademarks

1. Meaningful trademarks

Meaningful trademarks refer to the words, graphics or combinations of trademarks that express or imply A certain meaning or thing is called a meaningful trademark.

If the text has a certain meaning, it can also be called an allegorical trademark; if the graphics are expressive, it can also be called an referential trademark.

2. Meaningless trademarks

A meaningless trademark refers to a mark in which the words, graphics or combinations thereof that constitute the trademark do not directly express any substantive content. Text includes Chinese, foreign languages, Chinese minority languages, Chinese pinyin letters, etc. Graphics refer to abstract patterns such as patterns or geometric figures that do not express any objective things.