Section 1 Asexual Reproduction of Organisms
1. Without the combination of hermaphroditic germ cells, new individuals are directly produced by maternal asexual reproduction.
2.( 1) A (2) C (3) C (4) ① Bud grafting A is scion B and rootstock 2D3C.
3.( 1) Under aseptic conditions, cells or tissues of leaves are taken out and inoculated into a culture medium containing various nutrients and plant hormones to form callus, differentiate into seedlings and gradually develop into complete plants. ① Inoculate cells or tissues of leaves; ② Callus differentiated into seedlings; ② Sterility; Produce a large number of plants in a short time; Prevent the invasion of plant viruses; Cultivate new varieties
Section 2 Sexual Reproduction of Plants
1 .sex 2. Self-pollination and cross-pollination 3.c4.b5.c6.c7.b
8.( 1) Male artificial pollination ② Pollen stigma pollen tube stigma style ovary ovule sperm cell fertilized egg embryo ③ pericarp ovary wall; Fruit ovary; Seed ovule. 6. When the male flowers are in full bloom and most of the female filaments are exposed, choose sunny and windless weather, collect different kinds of pollen first, then put them into the pollinator and give them to the filaments. It can be done two or three times in a row.
Section 3 Reproduction and Development of Insects
1. Complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis of pupae 2. Sex 3.b4.b5.a6.c
7.( 1) Pupa, larva, egg and adult are completely abnormal in morphological structure and living habits. (3) C) Spring silk did not die, but formed a pupa. (8) The shell (exoskeleton) of cicada is hard and cannot expand with the growth of cicada. When it grows to a certain stage, the cicada's exoskeleton restricts its growth, and the cicada takes off its original exoskeleton, which is molting. 9.( 1) Eliminate the living environment of mosquitoes, clean up the garbage in time, and leave no water. (2) Close the doors and windows, put a basin in front of the window, and add some water mixed with washing powder to the basin. The next day, there will be some dead mosquitoes in the basin
According to the structure of fly's compound eye, people copied the "fly eye" camera; Flies' eyes can see ultraviolet rays, but people and other heat-sensitive elements can't. Therefore, people copied the "ultraviolet eye", which plays an important role in national defense. Flies have a keen sense of smell. According to this feature, people copied gas detection instruments to detect various gases.
Section 4 Reproduction and Development of Amphibians
1.d2.c3.b4.d5.c6.b7.a8.c9. (1) fertilized egg (2) d (3) c.
(4) Environmental changes have destroyed the environment needed for the reproduction and development of amphibians, making them unable to reproduce and develop normally, resulting in a decrease in population. 5. Reference answer: Due to the extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, water pollution is the external cause of frog deformity; Tadpoles breathe through gills in water, while frogs breathe mainly through bare skin, which is the internal cause of frog deformity. Students can raise tadpoles, choose some common pesticides or fertilizers, study their effects on the development of tadpoles, and draw corresponding conclusions. A brief exploration plan. [6] omitted
Section 5 Breeding and Development of Birds
1. Late maturity, early maturity 2. (1) is a late-maturing bird, underdeveloped, eyes have not yet been opened, and there is little down on the body. ② It is an early bird, just hatched from the eggshell, with its eyes open and thick down feathers all over. 3. slightly 4. Sex, nesting, hatching, brooding, survival rate. 5.C6。 C7。 (1) [1] Egg white, water (2) [2] Egg yolk, nutrients (3) [3] blastoderm, embryo development, development 8. No, because it is an unfertilized egg. 9. 1. Human unlawful killing 2. Due to environmental changes, birds have no habitat or food is drastically reduced.
Chapter 15 Inheritance and Variation of Organisms
Section 1 DNA is the main genetic material
1. Parents and offspring individuals. Nucleus 3. Chromosome; 4.× × √ √ √ 5. A 6. B 7。 An eight. C 9。 A 10。 D
1 1.( 1) Nuclear genetic information (2) Chromosome c 23 pair DNA protein protein (3) DNA double helix gene (4) CA B gene.
12.( 1) Heredity (2) Incorrect C (3) is chromosomal abnormality, and 13 chromosome is not heredity, but variation.
13. Omit 14. leave out
Human character and heredity
1.× × × × √ √ 2.D 3。 A 4。 B 5。 A six. C 7。 D 8。 D
9.( 1) Inheritance of relative traits (2) Omission (3) Omission
(4) parental DD×DD×DD germ cells.
later generations
Double eyelid, double eyelid, single eyelid
10.( 1) DD (2) Omit 1 1.
Section 3 Sex Determination of People
1.√ × × × √ √ √ 2.D 3。 A 4。 C 5。 A six. A seven. C 8。 C
9.D 10。 B 1 1。 (1) 23 pairs1.22 Υ a Υ xy Υ b Υ xx ⑵ 22 autosomes and two sex chromosomes X and Y.
12. (1)1x2y3x4x5x6xy (2) xy (3) constant parents and parents 13.
Section 4 Genetic diseases and prenatal and postnatal care
1.B 2。 A 3。 A 4.5 and a 6. C 7。 D
8.( 1) is not suitable. (2) Lin Daiyu is the granddaughter of Jia Mu, Jia Baoyu is the grandson of Jia Mu, and Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu are cousins of collateral blood relatives within three generations. If they get married, their children will have a high incidence of hereditary diseases.
9.( 1) Hereditary diseases (2) Children born to close relatives have a high incidence of hereditary diseases. It is forbidden to marry close relatives.
10. That's right. (Hint: The gene controlling red-green color blindness is located on the X chromosome of sex chromosome. Xiaohua is a male, and the X chromosome in the sex chromosome comes from his mother. )
Section 5 Biological Variation
1.b2.a3.a4.b (hint: twins are heterosexual and belong to fraternal twins) 5.c6.c7.b8. (1) (×) (2) (×) (3) (×) (4) (√) (.
9.d (hint: twins are divided into identical twins and fraternal twins, and identical twins originally originated from the same fertilized egg)
10.b) The genetic material may undergo related mutation after being irradiated by nuclear power, but the disease of A's son is controlled by the recessive gene on the X chromosome, which is passed on from A's lover to his son. Although A's lover does not have this disease, it is controlled by recessive gene, which cannot explain that A's lover has this disease-causing gene on this chromosome and passed it on to his son. B's daughter's illness is controlled by autosomal dominant genes. If it is a normal inheritance, it must be one or both of them. But in fact, neither of them is sick, so it can be inferred that B's daughter's illness may be caused by genetic mutation caused by B's nuclear radiation while working in a nuclear power plant. )
1 1.( 1) Carrier (2) Answer: Color blindness is a sex-linked genetic disease. In theory, girls should be born, because girls must be healthy, and boys are 50% likely to be color blind. (Refer to the figure below: bNormal gene, bRecessive pathogenic gene).
XBXB
XB
XB
XBY
XB
Y
XB
Xb
XB Xb
XbY
Mother, parents
father
XBY
XBXb
egg cell
seminal fluid
oosperm
Sex of offspring: female and male
Among them, XBxbxbxbxb and xbxbxb are normal girls, but xbxb is a carrier of pathogenic genes, XbY is a normal boy, and XBY is color blind.
12. As long as you tell the content related to the problem, you must let the students tell the source of the information and cultivate the awareness of respecting the intellectual property rights of others.
Unit 5 Comprehensive Test Questions
1. Multiple choice questions 1. C2 . C3 . a4 . b5 . B6 . D7 . c8 . a9 . a 10。 C 1 12。 A 13.A65438。
2 1.
project
Life ability of eyes, feathers, legs and feet
The precocious bird opened its eyes and followed its parents for food.
Late-maturing birds are rarely disembowelled or naked and cannot be fed by their parents.
22.( 1)①X②Y③XX④XY(2) 1: 1
23.( 1) pistil stamen insect (2) stigma pollen tube (3) fruit seed embryo pericarp
24.( 1) white rabbit Aa (2) white rabbit or grey rabbit Aa or Aa (3) white rabbit aa or aa.
25.( 1) Adult pupae of egg larvae (2) metamorphosis (3) Pupa (4) larvae
26.( 1) Relative traits (2) Mutation inheritance (3) Yes (Hint: there are also differences between different individuals of the same species, or between different individuals of the same family, which is a variation phenomenon in the biological world.
27.( 1) Asexual reproduction. Because Dolly sheep are not fertilized to produce fertilized eggs.
(2) Dolly the cloned sheep is most like the "mother" who provides the nucleus.
28.( 1) nuclear genetic information (2) chromosome 23 DNA protein (3)DNA(4) nuclear chromosome DNA.
Mid-term exam questions
I. Multiple choice questions1.b2.d3.c4.b5.d6.a7.d8.d9.a10.c1.d12.c1. D 18。 A 19。 B 20。 D 2 1。 B 22。 A handful of 23. D 24。 D 25。 A 26. C 27。 C 28。 B 29。 C 30。 C 3 1。 C 32。 A handful of 33. C 34。 D 35。 A pair of 36. D 37。 D 38。 A pair of 39. D 40。 D
Second, true or false 1. √ 2.× 3.√ 4.√ 5.× 6.√ 7.× 8.× 9.√ 10 .×
3. Fill in the blanks 1. Self-pollination and cross-pollination II. Ovule 3. In vitro fertilization. Paired dominant recessive 5. A substantial increase.
Fourth, map identification analysis
1.( 1) stamens and pistils (2) anther pollen (3) ovary (8) ovule
xx
Normal male karyotype
Normal male karyotype
xx
2.( 1)
(2)23 pairs of 44+XY 44+XX 22 pairs of autosomal XY XX (3)50% (4)50% (5) omitted.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) knowledge application
1. Grafting should make the scion closely combined with the cambium of the rootstock. 2. The pollination of Bombyx mori worker bee queen bee is not completely abnormal. 3. There are 4 nuclei in pupa of late male frog larvae. Genetic variation 5. Genes can be inherited.
Chapter 16 Animal Movement Section 1 Diversity of Animal Movement Modes
1.D 2。 A 3。 C 4 explosive A 5。 D 6。 A seven. An eight. A nine. D
Ostrich ① swimming
B bletilla striata water water
C wolf ② running
Kangaroo b's land
Blue whale ③ jumps
Bat c air
G crucian carp ④ flying
1 1① axe foot-(mussel) ② bristles-(earthworm) ③ pseudofoot-(amoeba) ④ wing membrane-(bat) ⑤ limbs-(hippo)
⑥ cilia-(amoeba) ⑥ membranous wings-(bee) ⑧ brachiopods-(squid) ⑨ wings-(goose) ⑩ fins-(carp)
12. Tortoise crawls, snail crawls, frog jumps 13. Swimming and jumping 14. Omit 15.
16.( 1) Fish, giant pandas, Tibetan antelopes and swallows (2) Swimming, walking, running and flying.
Section 2 Energy Sources of Animal Movement
1.B 2。 D 3。 C 4 explosive C 5。 D 6。 C 7。 An eight. C 9。 D 10。 B
1 1.( 1)√ (2)× (3)× (4)× (5)√ (6)√ (7)√ (8)√ (9)√ ( 10)×
12.( 1) Digestion and absorption (2) Breathing ATP releases energy (3) B.
13.( 1) biceps brachii triceps brachii (2) contraction and relaxation (3) relaxation and contraction
14. Explore the structure of chicken feet (1) Protect (2) Oxygen and nutrition of skeletal muscle (3) Exercise (4) Exercise, coordinate and explore the composition and function of vertebrate sports system.
(1) bones, skeletal muscles and joints (2) traction and contraction (3) tendons (4) elbow flexion (5) bones and joints
15. European Development Bank
Chapter 17 Animal Behavior
Section 1 Main types of animal behavior
1. Adaptability 2. Homologous propagation 3.D4.C5.B6.D7.C8.A9.① Propagation ② Defense ③ Foraging 10. A 1 1.C。
12.a honey gathering and foraging behavior of bees. B queen ant-spawning squid-inkjet-defensive behavior soldier ant-defending ant nest.
The domestic swallow flies south-migrating male ants-mating with female ants-domestic pigeons lay eggs-breeding worker ants-nesting and feeding young ants.
13.D 14。 C 15。 (1) Reproduction (2) Sex (3) Reducing the density of tadpoles is beneficial to predation and breathing, which is very beneficial to the survival of frogs and the continuation of races.
16.( 1) Sweetness (2) The smell collides with other ants with tentacles (3) Community 17.
Section 2: Physiological basis of animal behavior
1. Innate acquired 2. Born with genetic material, life experience learning 3. External stimulus subsystem solves problems in nervous system, living environment 4. A5.D6.B7.B8.A9.B 10。 A 1 1。 C 12.C65. 438+03A 14。 D 15。 D 17。 D 18。 D 19。 ( 1)D2。 (2) The occurrence of the above animal behaviors is related to androgen; Androgen is secreted by the endocrine system of animals. (3) Animal behavior is not only regulated by the above system, but also by the nervous system.
Unit 6 Unit 6 Exercise
1. nervous system energy 2. The position of survival and continuation is in the sports space 3. Food seeks a spouse and harms race 4. D5.C6.D7.C8.B9.C 10。 B 1 1。 A 12。 D 13。 38+05.A 16。 D 17。 C 18。 C 19。 A 20. D 2 1。 B 22。 D 23。 B 24。 ( 1)(√)(2)(×)(3)(×)(4)(√)(5)(√)(6)(√)(7)(×)
25.( 1) Both material I and material II describe the foraging behavior of animals. (2) "Material 1" The behavior of monkeys washing sweet potatoes belongs to acquired behavior; This kind of behavior is obtained in the process of accumulating life experience and "learning"; This behavior can greatly improve the ability of animals to adapt to complex environments.
(3) The behavior of the yellow-faced vulture expressed in Material 2 belongs to the innate behavior of animals; This behavior is determined by the genetic material in the body and is the instinct of animals.
26.( 1)① Crawling ② Foot swimming ② Predation defense
27.( 1) Salt and sugar (2) Many ants should be put into the experiment, such as: 10 (3) Eliminate contingency and make the experiment more scientific (4) Make a hypothesis that ants may like to eat small insects.
Experimental design: put a little soft food and a little dead worms at both ends of a Petri dish, put 10 ants into the Petri dish, and observe the behavior of ants carefully.
Expected result: Ants gather in places where small insects feed. ) come to the conclusion that ants love to eat small insects.
Unit 7 Healthy Living Chapter 18 Diseases and Immunity Section 1 Infectious Diseases
1. Susceptible population of infectious diseases.
2.D 3。 D 4。 A 5。 C 6。 C 7。 C 8。 A nine. B 10。 D 1 1。 B
12. control the source of infection, cut off the route of transmission and protect the susceptible population 13. Epidemic situation of infectious diseases 14. Infected population 15. Mother-to-child transmission of blood-borne transmission 16. D 17。
Section 2 Major Diseases Threatening Health
1. Cardiovascular 2.c3.a4 High-fat diet and exercise 5.a6.b7.d8 Lung cancer, gastric cancer and leukemia 9. B 10。 Physics; Chemistry; Virus 1 1. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Section 3 Immunization
/kloc-0 1.C2.D3.D4 lymphocyte antibody antigen 5. B6 B7 . b8 . C9 . c 10。 B 1 1。 C 12。 B 13。 Tuberculosis; Polio vaccine; Pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus; 1April 25th. D
15. People who have been vaccinated with smallpox vaccine will not get lysozyme in smallpox body fluids, which can dissolve bacteria and prevent hepatitis B after being vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine.
Non-specific immune cilia on respiratory mucosa can clean foreign bodies.
16.( 1) hepatitis a virus father (2) digestive tract mother (3) hepatitis a virus hepatitis a globulin (4) specific artificial immunity (5) digestive tract
17. 18. Omitted
Chapter 19 Cherish Life Section 1 Stay away from alcohol and tobacco
1. Central nervous system 2.c3.a4.c5.a6.a7.b8. √×√× 9. Smoke tar carbon monoxide 10. Wrong. Passive smokers inhale twice as much carbon monoxide as smokers, so smoking not only harms themselves, but also harms the health of others.
Section 2 Refusing drugs
1. Opium, heroin, ice, morphine, marijuana, cocaine, etc. 2. A3.B4.D5.C6.A7.B8.C9. June 26th
10. There is a substance similar to morphine in the human brain. After taking drugs, exogenous morphine peptide enters the human body, which inhibits the secretion of morphine peptide in the body, so that people can only rely on the intake of exogenous morphine peptide to maintain normal physiological activities of the human body. Once you stop taking drugs, people's physiological activities will be disordered and produce severe pain. Only by continuing to take drugs and supplementing morphine peptide can the pain be alleviated, which is called "addiction".
1 1.( 1) √ (2) √ (3) × (4) √
12. Teenagers should actively participate in various beneficial activities and resist unhealthy entertainment activities, bad movies, books and periodicals. At the same time, it is also necessary for the society to care for teenagers, create a good and beneficial cultural and entertainment atmosphere, and give them a healthy and upward activity place.
Many a sand makes a tower: What we can do when we take action is
(1) Hold a theme class meeting to investigate the harm of smoking and swear never to smoke the first cigarette.
(2) Watch the movie "Lin Zexu" to learn about the history of the Opium War and learn Lin Zexu's patriotic spirit;
(3) Visit the anti-drug exhibition to understand the current situation of cracking down on drug manufacturing and trafficking in China, so that students can have a deep understanding of drug control.
Section 3 Pay attention to health
1.E 2。 Description of drug quality and drug safety. B4.A5.C6. 12356⑥ 7。 Doctor 8. Artificial respiration. C 10.b
1 1. No. Health includes four aspects: physical health, mental health, good social adaptation and moral health; Xiao Qiang is healthy, but he lacks in other aspects. 12. Omit
Unit 7 examination questions
I. Multiple choice questions1.d2.c3.d4.b5.b6.d7.c8.d9.a10.c1.c12.d1. D 18。 A 19。 A 2 0. E 2 1。 D 22。 D 23。 B 24。 B 25。 D 26。 A
Fill in the blanks 1. Pathogen 2. Susceptible population of transmission route of infectious source 3. Special protein antigen 4. Nonspecific immunity. Cardiovascular infectious diseases. High fat exercise 7. Leukemia 8. Central nervous alcohol 9. Internal and external use, medical devices, prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs 10. Class. Morphine peptide Morphine peptide 1 1. Artificial respiration 120
Three. True or false 1. √ 2.× 3.√ 4.√ 5.× 6.× 7.√ 8.√ 9.× 10.√ 1 1.√ 12.√.
Fourth, the material analysis problem
1.( 1) Specific sheep produce antibodies (2) Control (3) Antigen (2) Immune antibody (3) Open the window frequently to ensure air circulation in the classroom.
2.( 1) This is a western medicine (2)6 0.9 0. 15. Patients should take this medicine twice a day, 1/4- 1/2 capsules each time.
(3) There are still some precautions and adverse reactions in the manual.
3. Male standard weight (kg) = height (cm)- 105 Female standard weight (kg) = height (cm)- 100.
10% is overweight and over 20% is obese.
4. Reference answer: Tobacco smoke contains more than 3,000 substances, including more than 40 carcinogens, and carcinogen 10. Other toxic substances include nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and hydrogen compounds, arsenic hydrocyanides and other hydrocyanides, lead and mercury.
Final exam questions
I. Multiple choice questions1.a2.d3.b4.a5.d6.b7.c8.d9.c10.b1.d13.c/kloc. A 18。 D 19。 B 20。 C 2 1。 B 22。 B 23。 B 24。 A handful of 25. A 26. A handful of 27. A handful of 28. B 29。 D 30。 A 3 1。 A handful of 32. C 33。 A handful of 34. D 35。 D 36。 C 37。 D 38。 B 39。 C 40。 A 4 1。 D 42。 B 43。 A 44. D 45。 D 46。 C 47。 C 48。 D 49。 A 50. D
Fill in the blanks 1. Larvae and adult II. Pollination 3. Bones and skeletal muscles. Protein, DNA, DNA 5. Infectious diseases and epidemics. Fertilized egg 7. Cut off the route of transmission 8. Artificial respiration.
Three. True or false 1. √ 2.× 3.× 4.× 5.√ 6.× 7.× 8.× 9.× 10.√
Iv. material analysis 1. (1) traits (2) heredity and variation (3)dd, 25%
2.( 1) genetic material and instinctive behavior (2) worker bees, queen bees and social behavior (3) pollination and ATP.
3.( 1) Black (2) The nucleus is the center of genetic information (genetic material mainly exists in the nucleus).
4.( 1)
Susceptible population of pathogen infection source transmission route
② ① ④ ③
(2) Immunity, antibody, window opening and ventilation
Verb (abbreviation of verb) knowledge application
(1) practicality and first aid
(3)
List of medicines in travel small medicine box
Medical instrument thermometer, alcohol cotton, gauze, scissors.
Internal medicine antidiarrheal drugs, cold medicines, chengyuning, nitroglycerin.
Topical medicine band-aid, scald ointment, safflower oil, alcohol, iodine.