Historical invention of the zipper, also known as zipper. It is one of the top ten inventions in modern times that has facilitated people's lives. The zipper was invented a century ago. At that time, in some places in central Europe, people tried to replace buttons and bows with belts, hooks and loops, so they began to experiment with developing zippers. Zippers were first used in military uniforms. During World War I, the U.S. Army ordered a large number of zippers for the first time to make clothing for soldiers. However, the promotion of zippers in the private sector was relatively late. It was not until 1930 that it was accepted by women as a replacement for buttons on clothing. The zipper received its name in 1926. According to reports, a novelist named Franco said at a business luncheon to promote a zipper sample: "Pull it, and it opens! Pull it again, and it closes!" Very concisely. Describes the characteristics of zippers. This is where the word zipper comes from. The prototype of the zipper originally came from the boots people wore. In the mid-19th century, high boots were very popular and were particularly suitable for walking on muddy or horse excrement roads. However, the disadvantage was that the high boots had more than 20 hook-type buttons, making them extremely time-consuming to put on and take off. This shortcoming troubled the inventor and cost the sponsor a lot of money and patience. In order to avoid the trouble of putting on and taking off their boots, people even endured wearing their boots all day without taking them off. Finally, in 1851, American Elias Howe applied for a patent for a zipper-like design, but it was not commercialized and was even forgotten for half a century. In 1893 (some say 1883), an American engineer (Kuwaiti) named Judson developed a "sliding tightening device" and obtained a patent. This was the original prototype of the zipper. The emergence of this device had an impact on the button hooks used on high boots. However, this invention did not become popular quickly. The main reason was that the quality of this early locking device was not up to standard and it was easy to loosen at inappropriate times and places, causing embarrassment. In 1902, a company that originally produced buttons and lace became interested in Judson's invention. They bought the patent, registered the "Button" trademark, and began to produce zippers for shoes. However, this "crab-eating" company soon embarked on the road to destruction. The "Kuubituo" it produced either could not be pulled up or opened, and sometimes it suddenly stretched open, causing great embarrassment to consumers. The discredited "Koubituo" became a slow-selling product, and the first company to produce zippers closed due to losses. In 1912, Sundback, an employee of the Judson Company, improved this "automatic button" and changed each tooth on the chain into a convex and concave shape, so that the teeth can bite in perfect one-to-one correspondence. It's not easy to get stuck, not easy to come off and crack, and it has a new name - zipper. In 1913, the Swede Sandback improved this crude locking device and turned it into a reliable commodity. The method he used was to attach metal locking teeth to a flexible shaft. This zipper works like this: Each tooth is a small hook that mates with an eyelet underneath a small tooth on the next and opposite strap. This type of zipper is strong and can only be opened when the slider slides so that the teeth open. It was not until the 1890s that there was a turning point. Whitcomb L. Judson, a mechanical engineer from Chicago, came up with the idea of ??using a slider-device to fit and separate. Two rows of buttons (this principle is very similar to that of a zipper, but the term zipper did not appear until about 30 years later). Judison's invention was fortunate to receive financial support from Pennsylvania lawyer Lewis Walker. Walker was highly interested in Judison's new design. History is often rewritten due to accidental factors, and the history of the invention of the zipper also confirms this. An air crash that shocked the world "saved" the dying zipper. After the outbreak of World War I, the U.S. military realized that zippers on military clothing could speed up dressing of soldiers, so they tried to install zippers on the pockets of clothes and the front openings of trousers. This move was very popular among front-line soldiers. . The 24,000 zippered military uniforms produced in 1917 sold out immediately. In 1918, the United States installed zippers on 10,000 flight suits. During World War I, the U.S. economy was in a slump. Steel cost five cents per pound and workers' wages were six dollars a week. The company reduced its layoffs, leaving only Sembeck and one other person, Sembeck. A manager and an engineer.

The company's economy encountered unprecedented difficulties. In order to repay thousands of dollars in arrears to the Roblin Company that provided the steel wire, Senbeck had to repair a machine to produce paper clips to make money. Fortunately, sponsors kept coming, and the playwright's father, James O'Neill, who was touring with his play "The Count of Monte Cristo," was extremely enthusiastic about Sembek's Pratton zippers. interested. Although there was a turnaround in his career, Sembek suffered an unprecedented personal blow. His wife died in childbirth. While Sembek was sad, he devoted himself even more to improving zippers. He applied for a patent again in 1913, and the patent license was approved in 1917 (Patent No. 1219881). Walker calls the patent a "hidden hook" and is optimistic about the prospects. Walker renamed the company "Hookless Fastener Company" and moved the factory to Meadville. Senbeck further improved the hookless button. The shape of the teeth was changed to a spoon shape, with a convex top and a concave end. The sliding device can make the left and right "toothed parts" fit together by sliding them, and then slide back to separate them. This is called "Hookless No. 2," and a machine was devised for making the toothed parts. In 1913, he officially announced that this technology had been broken through. "American Science" once used Sembeck's patent as a cover story. Six months later, Senbeck was ready to mass-produce the buttons, and Hookless No. 2 was ready to go on the market. Walker's second son also spent eight years working on improving hookless buttons. Josephine Calhoun of Florida also applied for a patent for a similar safety zipper in 1907. In the same year, Frank Canfielt of Colorado also applied for a patent. Inventors dedicated to research in this area are not only found in the United States. Among them, the ones closest to Sembeck's final product are those patented in 1912 by Zurich's Katharina Kuhn-Moos and Henri Forster. However, Neither has become a commercial product like the hookless No. 2. Market demand determines the success or failure of a product. There were not many orders for Hookless No. 2 at first. Mcreery department store in Pittsburgh believes that hookless No. 2 is very suitable for use on skirts and suits, and requires manufacturers to adopt hookless No. 2. However, there are not many imitators and they do not dare to take the risk of using new products. In order to win customers, Senbeck constantly improves the performance of zippers to meet needs. Medville's factory has become increasingly sophisticated in its manufacturing technology, manufacturing 1,630 Hookless No. 2s every day with no defective products. As a result, orders are increasing day by day. The First World War also brought new opportunities for new products. Soldiers' money belts increased the demand for hookless No. 2; the use of hookless No. 2 in Air Force flight suits not only saved materials, but also had better windproof effects. ;The Navy's life jackets also use hookless No. 2. The government then allocated special metal materials for production. Although hookless No. 2 has been proven to be useful, it is still not popular because of its high price. Senbeck understands this and is committed to reducing production costs and improving manufacturing efficiency. He invented the S-L machine to reduce unnecessary waste of materials during the production process, requiring only 41℅ of the original raw materials. After reducing production costs, the first product applied was the Locktite tobacco bag. The sales were quite successful. By the end of 1921, the tobacco company required an unprecedented number of hookless No. 2s every week. To accommodate the high demand, the Hookless Button Company built a new factory. In 1921, the B.F. Goodrich Company of Ohio ordered a small quantity of products from the Hookless Button Company to be used in the rubber galoshes they produced. After trying it out, we found that the effect was good, so we ordered a large number of them and informed the Hookless Button Company of the shortcomings we discovered. After improvement, the company launched the Mystery Boot, which is characterized by being able to put it on or take off with just a pull. The marketers were not satisfied with the name of Wonder Boots and wanted to find a name that could better show its characteristics. The manager was inspired and thought of the onomatopoeic word "Zip" - the sound of an object moving quickly, so he changed the name of Wonder Boots to zipper ( Zipper) boots (see Figure 2) and designed the ZIPPER zipper trademark, which gave the product legal protection. The year was 1923. Later, "Zipper" - "zipper" became the trademark for all similar hook-free button products. General term.

Unfortunately, Judithson passed away in 1909, never hearing the term "zipper" before his death, nor did he see his invention successfully popularize in the world. That winter, Haofu sold nearly half a million pairs of zippered boots, and in the mid-twenties it bought at least a million zippers a year from the Hookless Button Company, which was inspired by the term "hookless." It has a negative association, and the word "zipper" was coined by a wealthy company. Therefore, the term "Talon" (Talon) was also thought of, and the company was renamed Talon in 1937. Before 1930, the Hookless Button Company was selling 20 million claws a year, with applications ranging from pen cases to motorboat hoods. But the ready-made garment industry is still waiting and not using it. By the mid-1930s, fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli was using "eagle claws" extensively for the first time. The New Yorker described the 1935 spring fashion show as "full of zippers." . Since then, the garment industry has gradually adopted zippers. Zipper manufacturing technology gradually spread around the world as the product spread. European countries such as Switzerland and Germany, and Asian countries such as Japan and China began to establish zipper production factories. In 1917, zippers were introduced to Japan. At that time, due to their scarcity, zippers could only be used as accessories for dignitaries to show off their status. In 1927, in the early Showa era of Japan, Onomichi people in Hiroshima Prefecture began manufacturing zippers and began selling them under the trademark "Clip Brand". At that time, zippers were known for their durability, so "clamp" became synonymous with zippers. To this day, the Japanese still call "zipper" "clamp". In 1932, Japan began to mass-produce zippers by hand. As advanced machines such as eccentric manual punches were continuously developed at the time, zippers could be mass-produced, prices gradually dropped, and the clothing and luggage industries began to use zippers, making the industry outlook very active. In 1934, zipper products from Shanghai, Hong Kong and the United States began to be exported in batches. The "Three S Chamber of Commerce", the predecessor of Japan Yoshida Industry Co., Ltd., was founded on January 1 of this year. After 1937, zippers were sold in large quantities in North America, Central and South America. Zippers finally appeared as an emerging industry, and similarly, zippers also became an important role in Japanese industry. However, the Pacific War broke out in 1941, and Japan eventually became a defeated country. The war brought a devastating blow to Japan's domestic industry, including the zipper industry. At that time, except for some military zipper manufacturers who stayed, almost all other factories were forced to change jobs. Or waste industry. After the war in 1946, due to the influence of the U.S. military stationed in Japan at that time, the demand for zippers increased rapidly. However, the huge trauma caused by the war made the Japanese zipper industry unable to cope with demand in the short term. "Japanese-style manufacturing method", the shortcomings of handicraft manufacturing are fully exposed. At that time, it caused a bad image of "zippers easily broken" made in Japan. In 1950, Japan's "Yoshida Industry Co., Ltd." imported an automatic chain element machine, taking the first step into mechanized production. Subsequently, the company invented the automatic punching machine for sliders and successfully developed it. It not only solved the shortcomings of past manufacturing, but also reformed the manufacturing process to the production process, thereby driving the progress of the entire zipper industry in Japan. (Japanese Yoshida Co., Ltd., product name YKK, has factories in six domestic locations including Akichi, Kurobe, Koshiko, Tohoku, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and has established factories in more than 40 countries and regions overseas) Japan itself in 1951 The 30 chain element manufacturing machines manufactured were put into use, finally completing the modern factory equipment that is unrivaled in the industry. Almost at the same time as the Japanese zipper industry developed, zippers in some European countries, such as Switzerland and Germany, were also developing. In the 1930s, the Swiss company Optilon was established and headquartered in Zug, Switzerland. For decades, the company has taken "comfort" and "quality" as the first elements and continuously improved its design. Through technical cooperation with more than 30 foreign companies, new varieties of zippers have continued to emerge. It has established companies and companies all over the world. The factory has become a world-class zipper company as famous as the American Tailong Zipper Company and the Japanese Yoshida Co., Ltd. In 1953, Germany introduced the first zipper made of plastic, pioneering non-metal zippers. Chinese zipper production was introduced to Shanghai from Japan in 1930. At that time, Wang He established China's first zipper factory on Houjia Road in Shanghai. Later, Wu Xiangxin opened another zipper factory, and in 1933 he founded the Shanghai Samsung (namely Huaguang) Zipper Factory. In 1949, there were more than 20 small and medium-sized zipper companies in China, employing about 1,000 people. Mainly relying on manual operation, the equipment is rudimentary.

In 1958, Shanghai Samsung Zipper Factory introduced the automatic rice arranging machine produced in Germany and carried out technical reforms, increasing the speed of the automatic rice arranging machine from 1440 rpm to 3000 rpm, which is equivalent to 230 times that of manual work; the slider production was carried out by a single machine. The first punching process was reformed into twelve-pass molding at one time, increasing production efficiency by more than 50 times; the subsequent processes of flattening, brushing, belt washing, waxing, belt doubling, shuttleless looms and other high-efficiency special equipment were successfully reformed; the use of aluminum-magnesium was promoted New processes and technologies such as alloy liquid drawing and cemented carbide sintering into integral molds have realized the first technological revolution in China's zipper industry. In 1958, the invisible zipper (CONCEAL) went on sale. In 1959, The Grand (L type) went on sale. In 1961, the Delrin resin zipper injection molding machine was launched, and Delrin resin zippers began to be sold. In 1963, EFJON double-bone zipper went on sale. In 1971, the BEULON zipper with knitted fabric was launched. In 1974, Beijing introduced nylon zipper (horizontal) production equipment from Switzerland; Tianjin introduced eight polyester zipper production equipment produced in France; soon domestic places such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangdong, and other places introduced German, Non-metallic zipper equipment from Japan, Taiwan and other countries and regions, and non-metallic zipper equipment began to develop in China. In 1978, zippers for fishing nets were sold. In 1979, VISLON, a resin zipper with wings, was launched. In 1985, watertight and airtight zippers went on sale. In 1988, JOYLONR orbital zipper went on sale. In 1989, ion-plated zippers were put on sale. In 1991, the injection-molded QUICKLON zipper went on sale. In 1992, EVER BRIGHT and VISLON thermal transfer zippers and injection molding (molded zippers) began to be sold. In 1993, Q meshe (QUICKLON), Q mate (paired QUICKLON), and Q touch (curtain track QUICKLON) began to be sold. In 1994, wide-width die casting QUICKLON (continuous injection molding) was launched in Dali. Start selling. From August 1, "Japan Yoshida Co., Ltd." will be renamed "YKK" company. Since 1980, especially after 1995, China's zipper production has developed at an unprecedented speed. A large number of emerging private zipper companies have emerged and their scale has continued to expand. Zipper products are constantly increasing. Today, the three major types of zippers in the world can basically be produced in various varieties and specifications. In 1999, China's zipper production achieved its first historic leap, with output exceeding 10 billion meters, becoming the world's largest zipper producer and giving birth to a number of national zipper brands such as SBS, SAB, SAS, and YCC.