We must establish and improve the legal and regulatory system of green printing and green packaging in China in accordance with international practice. On the one hand, corresponding laws and regulations are issued to restrict the outstanding environmental hazards in China's printing and packaging industry. For example, the organic volatile matter (Voc) of solvent-based inks used in gravure printing and the content of heavy metals such as lead, chromium, copper and mercury in some inorganic pigments in inks are strictly restricted; On the other hand, for green printing, green packaging needs the government's strong policy support to shorten the gap with developed countries.
vigorously research and develop water-based ink, UV ink and other new inks that meet environmental protection requirements
Water-based ink is recognized as an environmentally-friendly printing material in the world. Because water is a polar substance, according to the characteristics that polar substances are compatible with polar substances, water-based ink contains no or only a very small amount of organic solvents. Therefore, the biggest feature of water-based ink is to reduce VOC emissions, thus avoiding the pollution of volatile organic compounds, improving the printing environment and being beneficial to human health. It can completely eliminate the harm of some toxic and harmful substances in solvent ink to human body and the pollution to packaging products, and is especially suitable for packaging and printing products with strict hygienic conditions such as food, beverage, medicine and toys. In addition, it can also reduce the fire hazard caused by static electricity and flammable solvents, and reduce the residual solvent smell on the surface of printed matter.
At the same time, develop water-based glazing technology. Both film covering and oily glazing will cause great harm to the environment, while the diluent used in water-based glazing is non-toxic, tasteless and pollution-free water. From the aspects of environmental protection and human health, water-based glazing technology is undoubtedly advantageous. Specially collect all kinds of wastes produced in the printing process, recycle valuable articles such as paper, and recycle materials such as films and plastic films that are difficult to degrade and harm the environment by the garbage collection station for resource treatment or sanitary landfill.
at this stage, due to process and other reasons, we have to use all kinds of polluting printing materials, such as oily ink, oily film covering, oily glazing, etc. The harmful and toxic gases generated during their use can be treated by methods such as suction adsorption, recovery and catalytic combustion, so as to reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the working environment, reduce the harm to human body and reduce the pollution of harmful gases to the environment.
Strengthen the development and research of green packaging materials
The emergence of paper packaging materials and new materials such as edible, degradable and recyclable materials has eased the pressure on the ecological environment, reduced the depletion of oil resources and reduced environmental pollution, and also solved the "green barrier" caused by the international ban on the use of non-degradable packaging materials to China's export commodities. The extensive production and use of green packaging materials is of great significance, both from the practical point of view of environmental protection and from the overall point of view of the sustainable development of the national economy, and it is also a concrete manifestation of the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development in the packaging and printing industry. Green environmental protection is the goal pursued by people in today's society. Many commodities play the banner of green environmental protection in order to seek business opportunities.
"green" symbolizes vitality, and natural plants take it as the main color. "Environmental protection" is a job about preventing the deterioration of the natural environment and improving the environment to make it suitable for human labor and life. "Green environmental protection" embodies the human yearning for nature, the beautiful pursuit of worshipping nature, and the ultimate harmony and unity with nature after environmental protection and governance. In order to seek business opportunities, many products have produced green goods to meet people's needs. The printing industry also produces green goods by eliminating hazards through green printing certification.
1. Hazardous chemicals
Hazardous chemicals refer to highly toxic chemicals and other chemicals that are toxic, corrosive, explosive, combustion-supporting and harmful to human body, facilities and environment. Characteristics of hazardous chemicals:
(1) explosive, flammable, toxic, corrosive and radioactive;
(2) It is easy to cause casualties and property damage in the process of production, transportation, use, storage and recycling;
(3) those requiring special protection.
generally speaking, as long as the above three characteristics are met at the same time, it is dangerous goods. If such dangerous goods are chemicals, then they are dangerous chemicals.
2. solid waste
solid or semi-solid substances that are no longer needed or have no use value and are abandoned by human beings in the production process and social life activities. Advocating social recycling of resources aims at making full use of resources, increasing social and economic benefits, and reducing the amount of waste disposal for social development.
There are many kinds of solid waste, which are usually classified according to their nature, form and source. For example, it can be divided into organic matter and inorganic matter according to its nature; According to its morphology, it can be divided into solid (massive, granular, powdery) and muddy; According to its source, it can be divided into mining, industry, urban life, agriculture and radioactivity.
solid waste disposal methods include marine disposal and land disposal:
(1) marine disposal: marine disposal mainly includes marine dumping and ocean burning. In recent years, with the deepening of people's understanding of the ecological importance of protecting the environment and the improvement of overall environmental awareness, marine disposal has been more and more restricted.
(2) Land disposal: Land disposal includes land cultivation, engineering storage or storage pool storage, land landfill and deep well injection. Landfill is one of the most commonly used methods.
(3) Application of solid waste recycling technology
3. Hazardous waste
In addition, solid waste can be divided into two categories: toxic and nontoxic. Hazardous solid waste refers to hazardous waste, which has the characteristics of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, infectivity, toxicity and radioactivity, and is produced in various production enterprises with hazardous waste products. From the characteristics of hazardous waste, it has great potential harm to human health and environmental protection, such as, causing or contributing to the increase of mortality; Or increase the incidence of serious diseases; Or it will cause great acute (immediate) or potential harm to human health or the environment if it is not managed properly.
hazardous waste refers to waste that will pose a great threat to human health or the environment if it is not handled, stored, transported, treated and disposed properly. According to the definition in the National Hazardous Waste List, hazardous wastes are:
solid wastes and liquid wastes (solid, liquid, semi-liquid and solidified gas) under any of the following circumstances, which are listed in this list:
(1) those with one or more hazardous characteristics such as corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, reactivity or infectivity;
(2) it is not excluded that it is hazardous and may have harmful effects on the environment or human health and needs to be managed according to hazardous waste. Rmb < /font> < /p>
major hazardous wastes in the printing industry:
(1) waste mineral oil (HW8)
oil/water and hydrocarbon/water mixture produced in the process of cleaning oil parts
waste dispersed oil produced by the production and preparation of ink
waste paraffin and grease
waste oil and sludge (vacuum pump) produced by oil/water separation facilities
. Paint waste
solvent waste containing pigment and ink generated during the preparation and use of ink, Barrel with ink
(3) Waste organic resin (HW13)
Waste adhesive (hot melt adhesive) and sealant
(4) Waste photosensitive material (HW16)
Waste developing (fixing) liquid produced by printing and developing with developer, Film and waste image paper
(5) Waste organic solvent (HW42)
Waste organic solvent (solvent-based cleaning agent) generated by cleaning printing tools
(6) Other wastes (HW49)
Waste electronic and electrical products and electronic and electrical equipment generated in industrial production, life and other activities, lead-acid batteries, and lead-acid batteries collected by sorting after disassembly, crushing and smashing.
4. Forest certification:
The procedure of forest supervision of forest management enterprises is that the certification company authorized by FSCPEFC evaluates whether the management of the enterprise meets the standards of sustainable forests.
Two Forest Certification Organizations (FSCPEFC)
(1)FsC: ForestStewardshipCounci1 Committee 1 (FSC for short) is a non-profit organization that promotes forest responsibility, and trademarks are only granted to products that implement FSC standards and guidelines. Anyone who is interested in forests and their forest products and recognizes the goals of FSC can become a member of the organization. At present, members include various commercial organizations, environmental protection organizations and social and cultural organizations. There are 19 institutions in the world authorized to implement FSC certification, 7 of which operate in China. The mission of FSC is to promote forest management activities that are environmentally responsible, socially beneficial and economically feasible. To achieve these goals, it advocates voluntary, independent and third-party certification as the main methods. As a huge organization, FSC itself does not carry out certification work. Its main task is to evaluate, authorize and monitor the authentication subject. FSC will issue certificates to forestry units after independent audit according to the principles and standards, and conduct inspections at least once every 12 months thereafter. If it is found that the forest owners or forestry units are poorly managed or make improper actions against their certified forest units in violation of relevant regulations, the certificates can be withdrawn immediately. Buying wooden products with FSC certification marks can avoid buying products from endangered tree species or illegally cut down, and assure consumers that the products come from forests that can satisfy the society, economy and ecological requirements of present and future generations, which is also a support for Greenpeace. At present, more than 1 million hectares of forests in 79 countries around the world have been certified by FSC.
(2)PEFC is an independent, non-profit and non-governmental international organization. PEFC evaluates how to balance the development of economy, society and environment in the process of forest management and forest products processing, promotes sustainable forest management through independent third-party certification, and provides guarantee mechanism for wood and paper buyers who advocate sustainable forest camp. PEFC currently has 35 independent national members. So far, 23 of them have achieved mutual recognition with PEFC through strict evaluation procedures under the framework of PEFC principles. These 23 national systems mutually recognized with PEFC have certified more than 2 million hectares of forests and supplied a large amount of certified wood to the market, making PEFC the largest forest certification system in the world at present.
green certification has become a trend, and it is also an inevitable trend of the development of the printing industry. The printing industry not only keeps up with the pace of the times in technology, but also leaves a green impression on human thoughts and carries out green printing certification. Printing enterprises should treat green printing certification correctly and get rid of several misunderstandings in certification work. Green printing appeared in the western developed countries represented by Japan, the United States and Germany in the late 198s. After more than 2 years of development, it has now entered the practical application stage from the concept discussion stage, with great development and maturity in terms of concepts, technical standards, equipment and technology, raw and auxiliary materials and software applications. In developed countries in Europe and America, green printing is the embodiment of their scientific and technological development level, and it is also an effective means to replace the traditional printing methods that produce environmental pollution and high energy consumption.
1. The United States
The State Environmental Protection Agency of the United States guides enterprises to save energy and reduce emissions by subsidizing environmental protection organizations in various states, such as enterprise certification, government procurement guidance and tax incentives. For example, the environmental protection organization PNEAC (Printers National Environmental Mental Assistance Center) in Illinois has helped many printing enterprises to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. At the same time, the United States is also very concerned about the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC), and has banned the use of solvent-based inks containing benzene and replaced them with green and environmentally friendly inks. At present, 4% of plastic printing in the United States uses water-based ink.
2. Australia
The Australian Environmental Protection Bureau entrusted its printing association to draw up an environmental protection manual for printing enterprises, listing the successful cases of Australian printing enterprises in energy conservation and emission reduction, and purchasing lists of various environmental protection consumables, so as to guide the printing enterprises in energy conservation and emission reduction and low-carbon development. For example, smart meters monitor electricity consumption, waterless offset printing and CTP technology to achieve emission reduction cases.
3. Germany
The German Industry Association has formulated the guidelines for the low-carbon development of the printing industry, which was published as the standard of the German Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Association (VDMA) in early 21, becoming an important basis for evaluating energy consumption and efficiency.
4. British
The British Printing Industry Federation has launched a carbon emission calculator, which can estimate the carbon emissions of factories and products according to PAS 25 (product and service life cycle greenhouse gas emission assessment specification) and GHG (greenhouse gas) standards, and give a "carbon footprint" to guide printing enterprises to save energy and reduce emissions.
5. Japan
In 21, the Japan Printing Industry Federation issued the Green Standard for Printing Services, which respectively formulated detailed green standards for various processes, materials and management of lithographic printing, gravure printing, label printing and screen printing services. In 26, the Japan Printing Industry Federation revised the standard substantially, and in April of the same year, the Green Printing Accreditation System (also known as the GP Accreditation System) was added. "Green Printing Accreditation System" is a system to evaluate the actual situation of factories that are committed to reducing environmental load according to green standards, and the requirements are also very strict. The recognized "printing factory and enterprise" can be called "GP recognized factory", and the "green printing mark" (GP mark) is obtained to prove that it is a printing factory concerned about the environment. The "green printing mark" is divided into three-star system, where one star is the standard of printing process, two stars are the standard of all technological processes, and three stars are the highest standard of equipment used. In March, 21, Japan Printing Industry Federation introduced at the Council of the World Printing and Communication Forum that 21 printing enterprises in Japan have obtained green standard certification. At present, China's printing industry has formed a large industry with 1, printing enterprises and 3.56 million employees, with an annual output value of 867.7 billion yuan. However, there are not many large enterprises and enterprise groups with advanced technology, and small and medium-sized enterprises are still the mainstay. In many enterprises, various traditional plate-making, printing and post-press processing technologies still occupy a large share in China. From film and waste fixing solution and electroplating solution in plate-making process, to solvent-based ink, isopropanol fountain solution and car wash water in printing process, and then to instant coating and oily polishing process which are still widely used in post-press finishing, there are pollution problems to the environment. For example, acetic acid, methanol, nitrobenzene, oxalic acid, zinc chloride, furfural, etc. used in prepress plate making all contain toxic chemical components, and ordinary printing ink and car wash water contain heavy metal elements such as lead, chromium and mercury. In 1988, the Press and Publication Administration stipulated that eight toxic and harmful jobs in the printing industry could retire early. Although it is a kind of protection and compensation for the health and rights of employees, it must have caused certain harm to health.
because many printing enterprises still follow the traditional printing technology, there are still some environmental problems in some production links, such as volatilization of organic solvents and wastewater discharge.