While we talk about European classical music as a world culture, what is often overlooked is that it also contains many national factors

whether it is a classical music school Composers of the Romantic School and the Romantic School find it difficult to break away from their ties with their respective national cultures. Therefore, their creations should first be national and secondly be regarded as global. Integrating national characteristics into creation can be said to be the common goal pursued by human artistic creation.

Keywords: European classical music, national characteristics, classical music school, romantic music school, national music school

1. National characteristics in music culture are concentrated in national folk music

National characteristics in music culture are factors that have always existed in music history. The music of any era, any country and any composer

has its own national characteristics. In essence, the national characteristics of music are determined by the objectively existing cultural characteristics of different nations and countries. Because each ethnic group

has its own different language tones, different life interests, different psychological qualities and different characteristics of folk music culture accumulation. Therefore, the ethnic characteristics of music are relatively durable and concentratedly reflected in traditional ethnic folk music.

In professional music creation, the expression of national characteristics is not limited to musical language and expression techniques, but also in subject matter, content and genre form.

In terms of musical language, it is mainly reflected in the extensive use of ethnic folk tones or the processing, adaptation and recreation based on ethnic folk tones. In terms of expression techniques,

use the creative skills and expression techniques that the nation likes to hear and see. In terms of subject matter and content, it reflects the real life of the nation and praises the people and their heroic achievements. It also reflects the memory of the glorious history of the motherland and praises the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. It not only reflects the aspirations and character of the nation, but also expresses the traditional style and artistic hobbies of the nation. In terms of genre and form, we also consciously inherit the traditions of the nation and satisfy the aesthetic habits and special interests of each nation.

In the works of European classical music professional composers, due to differences in historical backgrounds and aesthetic ideals pursued in performance, the musical works of various eras, various music schools

and various composers The national characteristics reflected are different.

2. The national characteristics of the classical music school are the natural expression of enlightenment consciousness

European classical composers Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven all extensively applied rich and colorful folk music materials to In the process of creation.

The music creation of Haydn (1732-1809), the "Father of the Symphony" and the "Father of the String Quartet", and German and Austrian folk music

Musical tones, sentence patterns, Structure and style are closely related. For example, the theme of the second movement of "Symphony No. 94 (Surprise) in G major" and the second movement "Serenade" of "String Quartet in F major" have neat phrases and simple harmony. The sound gives his style the characteristics of simplicity and freshness. The minuet in the third movement of the symphony and the lively dance style in the fourth movement also have the characteristics of German and Austrian folk music.

"Music Prodigy" Mozart (1756-1791) was an opera and symphony composer. In the opera "The Magic Flute", he adopted German and Austrian folk style popular songs and Protestant chant-like tones, and achieved great success. He is a melody master who is good at blending German and Austrian folk tones and Italian lyrical styles to create Mozart-style, singing and poetic melodies.

Music Saint Beethoven (1770-1827) was a master of classical music and a pioneer of romance. The advanced social thought of bourgeois revolution became the ideological core of his creation. Beethoven was the first musician to combine the art of music with the destiny of mankind. He loves nature, loves life, and enjoys listening to rural musicians playing music, which he reflects in his creations. "Eighth Symphony"

There are simple images of German and Austrian country bands playing folk dance music.

The "Ode to Joy" in the "Symphony No. 9 (Choral) in D minor" is filled with sincere, simple and passionate emotions unique to German folk songs. According to Romain Rolland's research, Beethoven often quoted folk song melodies when expressing the collective emotions of the masses, such as love, friendship, weddings, etc.

The national and folk elements in the music of European classical composers are a natural expression of their enlightenment consciousness in real life. It is a concrete manifestation of their aesthetic thoughts of "going to the folk" and "returning to nature" to approach real life. It embodies the spirit of the times during the rising period of the bourgeoisie: resistance to feudal shackles, a democratic spirit of firm optimism, courage to struggle, and a profound humanitarian spirit, with a high degree of perfection and harmony. Therefore, it can be said that the national and folk characteristics in classical music are general and have no other meaning. They are the natural expression and reflection of enlightenment consciousness and democratic spirit.

3. Romantic music is deeply rooted in their respective national music traditions

Romantic composers Schubert, Weber, Chopin, Brahms, The music creations of Verdi and others are deeply rooted in the musical tradition of this nation

, and music art emphasizes national characteristics.

"King of Art Song" Schubert (1797-1828) has been familiar with Austrian folk music since he was a child. His works make extensive use of folk songs,

custom dances, marches and popular trends in life. Song tone. The stanza song, a song form originated from the folk, has also become the basic "skeleton" of Schubert's songs. Because of this, many of his famous songs later became widely circulated folk songs, such as "Wild Rose", "Trout", "Linden Tree", etc.

This kind of popular and simple song has become the main component of Schubert's instrumental works. Professor Qian Renkang said: "Song-like melody, song-like texture

body, and song-like musical thinking also play an important role in Schubert's symphonies and chamber music creations, and It has become an important feature of romantic music creation after Schubert” (Music Art, Issue 1, 1979). When Dvo?ák commented on Schubert's music creation, he said: "His "Unfinished Symphony" and "Symphony in C Major"...perhaps the most distinctive among them is the They are all song-like melodies. He used the songs into the symphony and transplanted them so skillfully that Schumann not only said that these orchestra parts are similar to human voices." ("Music Translation". Issue 6, 1981)

Therefore, popularity and nationality are prevalent in his creations and have become his distinctive creative features.

The most representative work of Weber (1786-1825), the founder of German romantic national opera, is the national opera "Der Freiheit" which was premiered in Berlin in June 1821.

(also translated as "Magic Bullet Shooter"), has been warmly welcomed by the audience, and its tune has become a well-known popular song. Products sold in the market are also trademarked under the name of the drama, such as "Magic Bullet Shooter" beer. ”, “Magic Bullet Shooter Style Women’s Clothing”. The play is based on the popular folk legend of "Black Hunter" in Germany and Guangzhou. Authentic folk paintings of forest villagers in North Germany are displayed on the stage. Mozart and Beethoven both contributed to the development of German national opera. However, the "nationality" in their "Magic Flute" and "Fidelio" is not yet complete, although they are in German. The lyrics,

The music also has German characteristics, but it depicts Eastern mythology or Spanish stories, and "Free Shooter" uses music materials with strong folk temperament

(Hunter (choruses of girls, songs of girls, Allemande dance of villagers) and the traditional style of "singing drama" in German, dedicated to the depiction of remote German villages, forest scenery and the German nation The expression of thoughts and feelings is very successful