One of China’s fine pear varieties. The shape of the fruit is beautiful and well-proportioned, like a duck egg, with protrusions on the stem, and the fruit handle is skewed like a duck's beak, hence the name Yali. Tianjin Yali has thin skin, fine flesh, small core, bright yellow color, crispy sweetness without residue, juicy and refreshing taste, strong pear aroma and is shelf-stable. It enjoys a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets. Basic introduction Chinese name: Tianjin Yali Kingdom: Plant Kingdom Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Dicotyledons Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Genus: Pyrus Pyrus Species: Yali P. bretschneideri Introduction, Unique flavor, main origin, nutritional value, medicinal value, deeply processed products, cultivation history, development status, Tianjin Yali in Ningjin, Tianjin Yali in Jinzhou Yali, Tianjin Yali in Botou Yali, related reports, Variety Description, Introduction Tianjin Yali is one of the fine varieties of Chinese pears. The origin was mainly in Bo Town, Hebei Province and other places, and it gained its name through export from Tianjin. The shape of the fruit is like a duck egg, with protrusions on the stem, and the fruit handle is skewed like a duck's bill, hence the name Yali. It has thin skin, white meat, crispy tenderness, no residue, juicy and sweet taste, and is famous at home and abroad. Tianjin Yali is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, riboflavin, etc. It has medicinal effects. The pear paste made with it can produce fluid, quench thirst, relieve cough and reduce phlegm. Tianjin Yali has a long history of cultivation, good development status, long-standing reputation, and good reputation at home and abroad. It is continuously sold all over the country and exported to more than a dozen countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, Australia, Russia, and Southeast Asia. Unique flavor Tianjin Yali is one of the fine varieties of Chinese pears. The origin was mainly in Bo Town, Hebei Province and other places, and it gained its name through export from Tianjin. The shape of the fruit is like a duck egg, with protrusions on the stem, and the fruit handle is skewed like a duck's bill, hence the name Yali. It has thin skin, white meat, crispy tenderness, no residue, juicy and sweet taste, and is well-known at home and abroad. Tianjin Yali (2) Yali has a beautiful appearance, with a protruding stem that looks like a duck head, so it is called Yali. After strict selection and deep processing, most of the Yali pears are shipped for export through Tianjin Port, so they are also called Tianjin Yali pears around the world. The lower part of the Yali tree is greenish-yellow and turns golden yellow when mature. It is harvested from late September to early October and can be stored and kept fresh for 5-6 months. After 30 days of storage and saccharification, the sweetness reached 11%. The flesh of Yali is tender and has a unique flavor. The main characteristics are that the fruit is medium to large (generally a single fruit weighs 175 grams, the largest one is 400 grams), thin skin and small core, juicy without residue, moderately sweet and sour, and rich in nutrients. The taste is fragrant and long-lasting, crisp but not greasy, and is known as "natural nectar". Tianjin Yali generally weighs 200 grams per fruit. Although it is not very big, its flesh is the most delicate, its skin is very thin, it is fragrant and crispy, it melts in your mouth, and it tastes very refreshing. In addition, the Yali fruit has a handsome shape and elegant color, and the mature fruit is light yellow. Contains a variety of vitamins and has certain nutritional and medicinal value. Tianjin Yali, the main producing area, is mainly produced in China's Hebei Province. In addition to Tangshan and Chengde, eight other prefecture-level cities in the province have production. Among them, the quality of Yali produced in Jiaohe, Shulu, Ningjin and other counties is the best. . Because the Yali was once operated by the Tianjin Port Company and was shipped from Tianjin Port to all parts of the world every year. In addition, the flesh at the base of its fruit stem is shaped like a duck head, so it was named "Tianjin Yali". Nutritional value: Yali is rich in vitamin C and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and iron. It is the leader in the vitamin B family. Yali has the effects of clearing the heart and moistening the lungs, relieving cough and asthma, removing dryness and facilitating bowel movements, sobering up and detoxifying. Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" of the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Pear, when it is raw, clears the heat of the six internal organs, and when it is ripe, it nourishes the yin of the five internal organs." In modern medical circles, it has been used to treat pneumonia, respiratory diseases, pulmonary heart disease, hypertension and other diseases, with remarkable curative effects. It can also be processed into canned food, pear preserves, pear wine and other high-end foods and beverages. Tianjin Yali (3) Tianjin Yali contains a variety of vitamins and has certain nutritional and medicinal value. For example, "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "Yali is sweet, cold, and slightly sour" and has the properties of "clearing the heart, moisturizing the lungs, and benefiting." It has the functions of relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, clearing throat and reducing fire, relieving irritability and quenching thirst, moistening dryness and eliminating wind, sobering up and disinfecting the large and small intestines. Tianjin Yali is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, riboflavin, etc. It has medicinal effects. The pear paste made with it can produce fluid, quench thirst, relieve cough and reduce phlegm. Medicinal value: Peel the pear and cut it into slices. Put a drop of white vinegar on each piece of pear and eat it directly. Eat 10 slices a day. It is a liver-protecting folk remedy for Chaoshan people. Regardless of adults or children, as long as there is no problem with the gastrointestinal tract, this folk remedy can be used.

This is because "sour and sweetness transforms yin", sourness enters the liver and nourishes the liver, and sourness and sweetness can nourish liver yin. In dry spring, this way of eating pears can improve the soreness and dryness of the eyes and improve eyesight. Pear paste made from it can produce fluid, quench thirst, relieve cough and reduce phlegm. Deeply processed products The deep processing industry of Yali has followed suit and developed a series of products such as Yali juice and Yali vinegar. Yali is also suitable for processing various nutritious foods such as pear preserves, pear cakes, and beverages. It can also be processed into canned food, pear preserves, pear wine and other high-end foods and beverages. Cultivation History According to historical records, the cultivation of Ningjin Yali began in the Qin and Han Dynasties and has a history of more than 2,000 years. According to the Hebei Provincial Chronicle: "The origin of Yali is in Ningjin." Sima Qian's "Historical Records·Biography of Huozhi" records: "To the south of Changshan, there are thousands of trees between Heji and Ji". "Di" means "pear", and "south of Changshan and between Heji and Jilin" refers to the current Ningjin, Zhaoxian and Jinxian areas. The quality of Ningjin Yali has been widely praised since the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties, and it was already sold as a offering during the Three Kingdoms. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, its cultivation became more and more popular. In the Ming Dynasty, it was introduced to the Hejian and Jiaohe areas because of its unique quality and sweet taste. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, large-scale planting was established, and pear orchards with more than 1,000 trees could be seen everywhere. To this day, Ningjin County still retains a group of ancient Yali trees dating back more than 150 years. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Yali cultivation in Ningjin developed rapidly, and all the deserted land along the old Hutuo River was built into fruit orchards. In 1987, Ningjin County was identified by the Ministry of Forestry as one of the first batch of "Yali Famous and Premium Economic Forest Base Counties" and was named "The Hometown of Yali in China". Tianjin Yali (4) The long cultivation history and special geographical advantages have created the unique quality of Ningjin Yali. It has been sold well at home and abroad since the Qing Dynasty and is very popular among consumers. In the ninth year of Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty, Ningjin Yali was "brought" into the international market by Tianjin fruit merchants; during the Guangxu period, it was exported to Hong Kong and Southeast Asian countries through the "Zhenfeng" trading house. From 1949 to 1952, Tianjin "Guanchanglong" trading company was entrusted as an export agent, and it was labeled as "Tianjin Yali" for a time. In the 1980s, Ningjin County was successively identified as a Yali export base by the country, Tianjin City and Hebei Cereals and Oils Import and Export Corporation. The products still entered the international market through Tianjin Port and were renamed "Ningjin Yali", and have since become famous at home and abroad. Jinzhou is the origin of Yali in Hebei Province, with a cultivation history of two thousand years. Thirteen hundred years ago, Wei Zheng, a famous Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty whose ancestral home was Jinzhou, personally cultivated a high-quality Yali variety, known as "Wei Zhengli". Later, the pear was presented as a tribute to the imperial palace by Zhending Prefecture (Jinzhou was under the jurisdiction of Zhending Prefecture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties), so it was called "Zhending Royal Pear". It is said that Wei Zheng, the famous Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty, went to Jinzhou, his native place, to visit his relatives. He asked the imperial doctor to boil pear candy using Yali as raw material to treat his mother's elderly asthma. After the founding of New China, Jinzhou Yali was exported in large quantities from Tianjin Port, also known as "Tianjin Yali" and "Hebei Yali". Tianjin Yali (5) Yali vinegar drink Botou Yali production has a long history. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, the cultivation of Yali-based fruit trees began on the ancient land of Botou. Botou is also named after Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, when he was traveling to the south of the Yangtze River, he moored his boat and went ashore to watch pear blossoms. Over the past 50 years, Botou Yali has become well-known in the international market with the trademark of "Tianjin Yali". It is sold well in more than 30 countries and regions such as Europe, America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Hong Kong and Macao, and has become my country's bulk export product. Botou Yali has won many awards. It was awarded the title of high-quality export product by the Ministry of Economy and Trade, and Wang Renzhong, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, wrote an inscription personally: "Botou, the No. 1 Yali Township in China." Current Development Status of Ningjin Yali in Tianjin In recent years, with the gradual improvement of production technology, the intrinsic and appearance quality of Ningjin Yali have been significantly improved. 11 brands have successively won the title of national, provincial and municipal famous fruits, among which A number of well-known pear brands such as "Lvtang" and "Yanzhao" have won the titles of China Famous Products, China Agricultural Fair Famous Fruits and "Fruit King" for many years in a row. Their products are sold to more than 30 countries and regions and have achieved good results. Economic benefits. At present, the pear fruit planting area in Ningjin County reaches more than 13,000 hectares, accounting for 82% of the county's forest area. In 2005, the total output reached 320,000 tons, with an annual output value of 535 million yuan, accounting for 31% of the county's total agricultural output value. Pear production and marketing directly involves 140,000 people in 14 towns and villages in the county. The per capita fruit income in the main production areas is 1,750 yuan, accounting for 63% of the county's per capita net income. At present, there are 300 fruit storage mechanical cold storages in the county, with an annual storage and sales volume of 90 million kilograms. There are more than 1,500 enterprises and organizations related to fruit production and marketing, forming a production and operation pattern integrating production, storage and marketing and an industrialized operation of "company + base + farmers". The fruit industry is second only to grain in scale and efficiency in the county economy, and has become a pillar industry with local characteristics.

In order to maintain the traditional quality and characteristics of Ningjin Yali, solve the current situation that Ningjin Yali has no standards for many years, make the Yali industry move from empirical planting to standardized planting, and adapt to changes in the fruit market and cultivation methods, Xingtai City Quality The Technical Supervision Bureau issued the "Comprehensive Standards for Pollution-free Production Management of Yali in Ningjin County" to guide and standardize pear production in the county. At the same time, the county has standardized the technical regulations for pear production, requiring the implementation of a management mechanism of county-level townships, township-level villages, village-level households, and five-household joint guarantees. The key links in production are to implement unified fertilizer and water management and unified pruning through the association. , unified the "six unification" operation mode of flower and fruit thinning, fruit bag type, pest control time, packaging and sales, and strengthened the training and guidance of farmer technicians and technical backbones in the county to ensure various technical requirements Put it in place. Tianjin Yali (6) Jinzhou Yali of Tianjin Yali Jinzhou Yali is rich in resources. In 1995, it was named "Hometown of Chinese Yali" by the country. In 2004, it was rated as one of the “Top Ten Counties (Cities) in the National Pear Industry”. At present, the city has 292,000 acres of fruit trees, with a total output of 420,000 tons. It ranks 36th among the top 100 counties (cities) in fruit production in 2002 announced by the National Bureau of Statistics, of which 100,000 acres are Yali, with an annual output of 100,000 acres. The output is 500 million catties and the output value is 240 million yuan. Jinzhou Yali has excellent quality and long-standing reputation. It is well-known at home and abroad. It is continuously sold all over the country and exported to more than a dozen countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, Australia, Russia, and Southeast Asia. The main production and export enterprises are Hebei Cuiyu Group and Fresh Fresh, Great Wall Fruit Co., Ltd., etc. In recent years, Jinju City has continuously strengthened the adjustment of pear fruit variety structure, and new varieties such as Huangguan, Gold, Crystal, Jinshui, and Bali have been successfully introduced. Among them, the planting area of ??Huangguan pear has reached more than 60,000 acres. As the provincial foreign trade export base, the collective orchard of Lujiazhuang Village has trees that are more than 50 years old. It is one of the first "green" orchards in Jinzhou City to implement standardized production. In order to further improve the quality and efficiency of fruit, the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government proposed to build a national organic fruit production base. Currently, standardized cultivation management is being fully implemented in all production links such as fertilization, watering, and pest control. Currently, 150,000 acres of fruit trees have been completed Pollution-free environmental impact assessment certification. Tianjin Yali (7) Botou Yali of Tianjin Yali Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Botou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal *** have implemented the strategy of "promoting agriculture with fruits", adopting the strategy of moving fruits from east to west and developing young ones. Through measures such as planting trees and renewing old trees, the area of ??fruit trees has increased year by year. The fruit tree planting area reaches 552,000 acres, accounting for 53.7% of the total cultivated land area. The annual fruit output reaches 200 million kilograms, and the annual export volume is 12,000 tons. "Zhonghua Yali" is known as the "Girl Miss" in the international market and has become a hot commodity. In 1996, Botou Yali obtained the national green food certificate, which marked that Botou Yali had reached high standards, high grade and high status. As the leading industry in Botou, fruit production has driven the rapid development of transportation, storage, processing, papermaking and other industries. Botou currently has 48 large-scale cold storages with a total storage capacity of 4 tons, 8 large-scale carton factories with an annual output of more than 9 million pear boxes, and 32 pear juice, canned, dense date and other processing plants. The products are sold to Beijing and Tianjin. , Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other places and Southeast Asian countries. The entire Botou has formed a one-stop industrial pattern of "planting, storage, packaging, sales and processing" of fruits. Related reports: The United States has increased inspection measures on Chinese Yali pears exported on the grounds that Chinese Yali pears are infected with Alternaria (commonly known as black spot disease), resulting in a large number of Chinese Yali pears being returned. In the first quarter, 982 tons of Yali exported from Tianjin Port were returned, worth US$816,000, an increase of 4.4 times and 6.2 times respectively compared with the same period last year. At the same time, the export of Yali from Tianjin port has been greatly reduced. Statistics show that in the first quarter of this year, 21,000 tons of Yali were exported, worth US$3.86 million, a decrease of 34.8% and 44.6% compared with the same period last year. Among them, the number of Yali pears exported to the United States fell by 97.6% in the first quarter. Tianjin customs officials said that black spot disease does not harm human health. The United States is worried that pear infected with black spot disease will pose a threat to American apple and pear cultivation. On December 22, 2003, the United States Department of Agriculture announced an indefinite suspension of imports of Chinese Yali pears on the grounds that Chinese Yali pears were once again found to be infected with Alternaria. This is the second time that the United States has suspended imports of Chinese duck pears after it announced a suspension of imports of Chinese duck pears in March 2002.

After repeated negotiations and consultations between the product inspection and quarantine departments of China and the United States, the United States agreed to lift the ban on imports of Chinese duck pears, but significantly increased the intensity of import inspections of Chinese duck pears and increased inspections at Chinese and American ports. Inspection measures for Yali exports from China. On February 18, 2006, we learned from the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine that four containers of nearly 80 tons of Yali pears produced in Hebei, China, successfully cleared customs after undergoing strict inspection and quarantine at the Los Angeles port in the United States. Chinese Yali pears have officially resumed exports to the United States. It is understood that so far, 56 containers of nearly 1,200 tons of Ya pears have been exported to the United States that have passed inspection by the Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau. The Ya pears that have resumed entering the U.S. market are very popular among American consumers and are in short supply. At the same time, the quality inspection department also stated that it will further strengthen the guidance and assistance to the production management level of fruit farmers and fruit export companies in the production areas, and expand the export of Chinese fruits and other advantageous agricultural products. Variety description: This variety has strong tree vigor, dark gray-brown bark, yellowish-brown annual branches, reddish-brown perennial branches, and low branching rate. The leaves are broadly oval, the apex is tapered or pointed, and the base is round or broadly rounded. The fruit has a beautiful appearance, with the pear stem protruding and resembling a duck head. Harvested from late September to early October, they are yellow-green at first. The main features are medium-to-large fruits (generally a single fruit weighs 175 grams, the largest one is 400 grams), thin skin and small core, juicy and without residue, moderate sweet and sour, and long-lasting fragrance. Crisp but not greasy, it is known as "natural nectar". It is rich in vitamin C and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron, making it the best in the vitamin B family. It contains more than 12% sugar and can be stored for 5-6 months. It has the effects of clearing the heart and moistening the lungs, relieving cough and asthma, easing dryness and easing bowel movements, producing body fluids and quenching thirst, sobering up and detoxifying. Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" of the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Pear, when it is raw, clears the heat of the six internal organs, and when it is ripe, it nourishes the yin of the five internal organs." In modern medicine, pear decoction can be used to treat pneumonia, respiratory diseases, pulmonary heart disease, hypertension and other diseases, with remarkable curative effects. It can also be processed into canned food, pear preserves, pear wine and other high-end foods and beverages.