Everyday expressions:
1 (Pu) Hello (Cantonese) Hello!
Where is 2 (Pu)? (Guangdong) is on the edge
3 (Pu) It is 2 o'clock now. (Guangdong) Two points about the clothing family
4 (Pu) What are you doing? (Cantonese) What are you doing?
5 (Puergarian) Have you eaten? (Cantonese) You haven’t eaten yet
6 (Puergarian) What’s your name? (Cantonese) What's your name?
7 (Put) Thank you (Cantonese) Nope
8 (Put) I'm sorry/I'm sorry (Cantonese) I'm sorry/I'm sorry
9 (Pu) I'm sorry to bother you (Cantonese) I'm sorry to hold you up for a while
Ask for directions:
1 (Pu) Excuse me, I want to ask ***How ??to go? (Cantonese) No, I want to ask *** the way to go?
2 (Plain) Can I go there by car? (Cantonese) Can I go there by car?
3 (General) How long will it take if I walk? (Cantonese) How long will it take me to travel?
Shopping:
1 (Private) How much does this cost? (Guangdong) How much does this cost?
2 (Private) It’s so expensive! Be cheaper! (Cantonese) Gangui? Mr. Ping!
3 (Pu) Give me *jin (Cantonese) than *jin me 4 (Pu) I’ve been busy lately (Cantonese) I’ve been busy in Nipai
5 (Pu) I I don’t have any change. Can I change 100 yuan? (Cantonese) I don’t have any loose paper. Can I find it with 100 mosquitoes?
6 (Pu) How can you be so polite? I was so happy to see my fellow countrymen!
(Cantonese) You’re welcome! Bian Dejia! I was so happy to see my fellow villagers!
7 (Plain) Thank you (Cantonese) You shouldn’t
There are two situations:
1. Others provide "services", such as; We poured a cup of tea and said: No, 2. What others provided was "material", such as giving us bonuses, and said: Thank you! Never say “no” at this time! Because "shouldn't"! I shouldn’t have troubled you (the implicit fact is: in fact, the other party should, we are just being polite. For example, the waiter pouring tea, that is his duty)
The Cantonese pronunciation of *** has 9 After merging, there are six numbers after the Cantonese pinyin of each character, which represents the tone, represented by numbers from 1 to 6. This pinyin is more difficult to learn because the difference is not very big. The pinyin of Mandarin is for the convenience of everyone to type it in Ziguang Pinyin. If you get the Cantonese input method I sent you, you can use Cantonese Pinyin to type.
Uh
Mandarin Pinyin: e
Cantonese Pinyin: ngeg1
Meaning: cheat
Example: you Chengri uh me!
偁
Mandarin pronunciation: gan
Cantonese pronunciation: gem3
Meaning: so
Example: piece The shirt is so expensive!
喖
Mandarin pronunciation: gan
Cantonese pronunciation: gem2
Meaning: like this
Example: 喖All of them?
咩
Mandarin Pinyin: mie
Cantonese Pinyin: mé1
Meaning: Express question, what
Example: What are you doing?
哋
Mandarin pronunciation: dei
Cantonese pronunciation: dei6
Meaning: people
Example: me I am a student.
Huh
Mandarin pronunciation: yi
Cantonese pronunciation: yi2
Meaning: interjection, expressing surprise
Example: Huh? So strange?
Hmm
Mandarin Pinyin: wu
Cantonese Pinyin: m4
Meaning: No
Example: Hmm Okay
咗
Mandarin pronunciation: zuo
Cantonese pronunciation: zo2
Meaning: 了
Example: I've eaten.
Chirp
Mandarin pronunciation: ji
Cantonese pronunciation: jit1
Meaning: shoot with water
Example:姧水
吖
Mandarin pronunciation: ya
Cantonese pronunciation: nga1, a
Meaning: modal particle, usually with "mah" "Also used
Example: No one wants to be late because there is a traffic jam.
喎
Mandarin pronunciation: wai
Cantonese pronunciation: wo5
Meaning: modal particles, often used to express other people's orders
p>
Example: He asked you to go to a meeting today.
啲
Mandarin pronunciation: di
Cantonese pronunciation: di1
Meaning: quantifier, equivalent to "some", and can also be used alone As a position attribute.
Example: these things, these people
婩
Mandarin pronunciation: gua
Cantonese pronunciation: gua3
Meaning: Modal particle, bar
Example: It should be 啩.
山
Mandarin pronunciation: ngam
Cantonese pronunciation: ngam1
Meaning: right, appropriate
Example : Are you right?
在
Mandarin pronunciation: bei
Cantonese pronunciation: hei2
Meaning: at
Example: me At home.
姐
Mandarin pronunciation: kai
Cantonese pronunciation: gé3
Meaning: of
Example: me My name is p>
Example: go away
来
Mandarin pronunciation: li
Cantonese pronunciation: lei4
Meaning: come, Get up
Example: pass
嘢
Mandarin pronunciation: ye
Cantonese pronunciation: yee5
Meaning : something
Example: There is food
嘥
Mandarin pronunciation: sai
Cantonese pronunciation: sai1
Meaning: waste
Example: What a waste!
嗮
Mandarin pronunciation: sai
Cantonese pronunciation: sai3
Meaning: completely
Example: 啲After rice is poured out
匌
Mandarin pronunciation: ai
Cantonese pronunciation: ngai3
Meaning: call
Example: 嗌help
忿
Mandarin pronunciation: hou
Cantonese pronunciation: geu6
Meaning: quantifier, block
Example: A pile of stones
That
Mandarin pronunciation: go
Cantonese pronunciation: go2
Meaning: that
p>Example: That person
嘑
Mandarin pronunciation: hu
Cantonese pronunciation: la3
Indicates the perfect mood, Equivalent to '了'
Example: 德嘑
了
Mandarin pronunciation: luo
Cantonese pronunciation: lo3
Meaning: Indicates the perfect mood, equivalent to '了'
Example: Make a decision
嗻
Mandarin pronunciation: zhe
Cantonese pronunciation: jé1
Meaning: modal particles, '的', 'ah'
Example: How bad!
Mi
Mandarin pronunciation: mi
Cantonese pronunciation: mei5
Meaning: Don’t
Example: Mi Live, mi engage
Mi
Mandarin pronunciation: mi
Cantonese pronunciation: mei6
Meaning: just
Example: Mi is Quluo
寰
Mandarin pronunciation: luo
Cantonese pronunciation: lo1
Meaning: Yeah, la
Example: That’s it!
廻
Mandarin pronunciation: le
Cantonese pronunciation: lég1
Meaning: smart and capable
Example: La Tsai, fine La La La
Mandarin pronunciation: xi
Cantonese pronunciation: ngeb1
Meaning: to speak (usually talking nonsense)
Examples: 发噏Crazy, random 噏Mark
Mandarin pronunciation: ma
Cantonese pronunciation: meg
Meaning: 'trademark', loanword "mark"
Example: mark
噃
Mandarin pronunciation: bo
Cantonese pronunciation: bo3
Meaning: tone A word that expresses a reminder tone
Example: Haha, don’t remember 噃嗲
Mandarin pronunciation: dia
Cantonese pronunciation: dé2
Meaning : Describing a coquettish voice or attitude
Example: coquettish
La
Mandarin pronunciation la
Cantonese pronunciation: la3
Meaning: Modal particle, equivalent to '了'
Example: Go De La<
/p>
Cantonese has a very rich vocabulary, and the changes are even more colorful. Cantonese can use limited vocabulary to create infinite vitality.
1. First look at the beginning and end of words. I appreciate the word "Zai" here. It is somewhat similar to the Mandarin word "子", but its role is much greater. It is a suffix with a wide range of uses. Such as:
1. Indicates smallness: wuzai (hut), paparazzi (puppy), quezai (little bird), xiazi (small box)...
2. Expressing intimacy: Jie Zai (Xiaojie), Wang Zai (Xiao Wang), Sister Zai (Xiao Nizi), Shu Zai (referring to uncles of the same age as yourself), Ya Ya Zai (baby), Xian Xia Zai (baby) …
3. Indicates nicknames: wage earner, shoe shine boy, eye boy (generally refers to a child’s small eyes), hand boy (generally refers to a child’s small hands)…
4. Indicating persons: Guai Zai (good boy), Sha Zai (fool), San Zai (loafer), Zei Zai (thief), Yao Zai (referring to the smart younger generation)...
As Suffixes include "man", "po", "gong", "female", "mei", "brother", "ghost", "spirit", "worm", "cat", "friend", "嘢[o野]", "fight" and "bao" "Chicken"...the common names for people are Lao, Gong or Po (depending on the gender): Gao Lao, Silly Lao, Shai Po, Cook Po (common names for housewives), Da DaShengGong (people who speak loudly, now Generally refers to loudspeaker, namely LoudSpeaker), Bo Ye Gong (generally refers to male elderly). The younger ones are called girls and brothers: pretty girl (MM), fat girl (fat girl), student brother (student), groom brother (groom), and Xulu brother (child). There are also those called Bao and Chicken: Shiannu Bao (dead girl), Ye Bao (a crybaby, usually refers to a child), Yizhenji (one dollar), Xiaoxiaoji (primary school student). However, some more derogatory terms use spirits, ghosts, insects, etc.: Laogui (a disparaging term for the elderly), Smoker (a person who loves to smoke, also known as a 'smoker'), Shuaigui (a person with a sense of grievance), Gu Hangui (stingy person), Ma Lijunjing (naughty ghost), Calabash Spirit (people who love to talk), slugs (people who often have a runny nose), rice-boring bugs (those who like to eat and are lazy), dirty cats ( Dirty people), drag friends (male (female) friends), enthusiasts (enthusiasts). There are also more humorous ones that can be called Dou or Shi [oye]: Shi Dou (poor), Zheng Dou (roughly equivalent to "good goods", but cannot be fully translated), Bad Shi...
As for The prefixes include "ah", "老", etc., so I won't introduce them one by one.
2. The overlapping of words makes the words more impressive and provides more choices in tone.
1. Adjectives become colorful in different ways of overlapping.
①Single-syllable adjectives.
ABB type: indicates a deepening degree. The adjectives themselves do not overlap, only the "liner" part overlaps. Such as:
Black mengmeng, yellow bird and green BB
Red dangdang, white and snowy, Qi Yi
Slipping off, thin, green, quiet, Yingying
Toothbrush brush silly Geng Geng Juju
The overlapping of the backing sounds of the adjectives enhances the vividness and image of the word.
BAA type: Single-sound adjectives sometimes appear in the "subject-predicate structure", and their "subject" parts do not overlap. The "predicate" served by adjectives partially overlaps. For example:
Nose hooked, tail pointed, dizzy
Shortness of breath, loose hands, heavy head
BBAA style: The "subject" part is a two-syllable word, Such as:
Old friend with ghostly eyes, a smile, and a mouth to chew
The official has bones, fingertips, and long nose hair
BACA style: the same one Adjectives can also be placed after the changed "subject" if they overlap. For example:
The intestines are straight and the belly is straight, the hands are soft and the feet are soft
Long hands, long legs, long nose, big eyes
ABAC: used as an attributive in more formal words The adjectives can also overlap to form the ABAC formula, such as:
Good eyebrows, good appearance, big flowers, too many flowers
Thick body, strong strength, stubborn voice, and stubborn spirit
② Overlap of two-syllable adjectives.
AABB style: This overlapping method only expresses a kind of emphasis, and there is no big difference in meaning from the original style.
Such as:
Solidly pure (firm) Steady and steady (steady)
Quickly crispy (fast) Birdy green (hurried)
Baba clenched his teeth and smoked (dangerous)
Chemistry (not solid)
AAB formula: two-syllable adjectives can also be overlapped into AAB formula, which also expresses emphasis on one subject. The meaning is deepened and the tone is slightly strengthened. Such as:
Shishichisha (fragmented, small amount) Ququwei (fun)
Lilichaan (messy appearance) Short and thin (very short)
Bai Bai Jing (white and tender) Dense (very strong)
La La Ling (shiny look) Qin Qin Qing (rushed, frizzy)
This overlapping method is more common.
2. Verbs in Cantonese also have rich and colorful overlapping methods.
①Overlap of monosyllabic verbs.
The main grammatical function of AA-type overlap is to express the transient or tentative nature of actions and actions. In conjunction with the overlapping of single sounds in adjectives, Cantonese dialects often use changing intonation and pronunciation as a means of distinguishing word meanings. When the same monosyllabic words overlap, sometimes it is necessary to distinguish their meanings through changes in tone, sometimes with a change of tone, and sometimes without a change of tone.
Those that do not change the key, such as:
Look, try 萵搐 (look for it)
Sometimes after overlapping, the first syllable changes the key. This is mainly This appears in the tone characters of Yin Qu, Yang Ping, Yang Shang, Yang Qu, Xia Yin Enter, and Yang Enter. They should be pronounced with a high rising tone. For example:
徛(standing) original [kei13], overlapped [kei35][kei13]
twist (shake) original [neη22], overlapped [neη35][neη22]
p>
fight (fight) original [bk33], overlap [bk35][bk33]
The BBA style overlap does not need to change the tone, and there is no big difference in meaning. It just enhances the movement and power. Imageability. In this type of format, the verbs themselves do not actually overlap, only the modifying components overlap. Strictly speaking, it is not a redundant form of the verb itself. For example:
Sitting in rows, smiling squinting
Some articles regard this situation as verb duplication, so I will briefly introduce it here.
"Mi Mi Xiao" can also be said as "Mi Mi Xiao", which becomes the ABB style. This type of overlapping format is relatively rare.
Monophonic verbs can also overlap with the word "下" to form the format of "A下 A下", which indicates the continuation and repetition of the action without pause, such as:
Look down, look down, limp down, limp down
Jump down, jump down, talk next, talk next
Sometimes, this overlap can also be transformed into the "AA down" formula, which means that the action continues It has been going on for a while, it is not a fleeting effort. For example:
Have a look at the loudness. (Someone looked at it here.)
If you learn it, you won’t want to learn it. (Once you learn it, you no longer want to learn it.)
The "AA Lower" pose can sometimes be changed to the "AA Gong" pose. In addition to indicating that the action is in progress, it also has a reprimanding tone. For example:
Your feet are not very loud. (Don’t move your feet around there.)
What do you think of Chengri Tiao Tiao Gongka? (Why are you jumping around all day long?)
One-syllable verbs can also be overlapped with "bury". It can have two forms, one is "A bury A bury", " "Bury" contains the meaning of gathering and gathering. General verbs can take "bury", such as "hold to bury", "collect to bury" (i.e. take together, put together), etc. Such "A bury" can overlap, for example:
袁 bury and bury (meaning to keep collecting and picking up)
锟斤拷锟斤拷 (continuously gathering together)
p>
The other is the "AA buried" style. For example, the above words can be said as:
Coo, bury, bury, bury, bury
It also means multiple repetitions of actions and behaviors. This statement is more focused on expressing its consequences. . For example, if we say "Collect, bury, bury, there's not a lot of money", the result, "There's not a lot of money", is obtained through the repetitive behavior of "Collect, bury, bury".
The overlapping of single-syllable verbs also includes the "A come and go" formula, which indicates the reciprocal occurrence of work. For example, "I searched and searched but couldn't find it" (I searched and couldn't find it). This is similar to ordinary life.
② In addition to monosyllabic verbs that can overlap, bisyllabic verbs can also overlap.
Bisyllabic verbs overlap to form AABB. These "two-syllable words" are mainly joint words. After overlapping, there is no big change in meaning, but only enhances its image or complexity. For example:
Having a fight, walking around (like running, running errands)
There is another pattern of overlapping verbs. That is, the verb itself remains unchanged, it just appears repeatedly (overlapping), and the object it brings changes, forming an ABAC formula. This kind of overlap occurs particularly often in Cantonese. For example:
Blocking hands, blocking feet, talking back and speaking
Controlling body and body, regulating body and posture, adjusting color and water
Strengthening the heart and lungs
This form of overlap is very common.
3. In addition to the overlap of various fractions of adjectives and verbs, other content words (such as nouns) can also overlap. But this overlapping method is similar to ordinary tasks, such as saying "father", "mother", "brother", "younger brother", etc. It is an overlapping of personal terms: "everyone", "everything", and "everywhere" are overlapping of general nouns. It still expresses the pervasiveness of the scope that the noun refers to, and there is no big difference from the ordinary way of saying it. I won’t introduce them one by one here.
It can be seen that Cantonese not only has a rich vocabulary, but also has an ever-changing range of limited vocabulary combinations. Not only does it add more layers and choices in the tone of voice, it also makes Cantonese more lively, more charming, and more breathy. The word formation method of Cantonese is generally the same as that of Mandarin. Cantonese basically has the word formation methods of Mandarin, but Cantonese also has its own unique word formation form. Its characteristics are summarized as follows:
1. Cantonese retains more Ancient Chinese monosyllabic words. Such as:
Eye (eyes) Taiwan (table) Mouth (mouth) Ear (ear) Female (daughter)
Zi (son) Mu (wood) Shi (stone) Bone ( Bone) Shirt (Clothes)
Shoes (Shoes) Socks (Socks) Buttons (Buttons) Turtle (Turtle) Ant (Ant)
Eagle (Eagle) Orange (Orange) Grass (Rice)
Most of these words are nouns. In Mandarin, bisyllabic words are formed by adding synonymous morphemes or adding suffixes such as 子, tou, er, etc.
2. Formal structures generally use the front to modify the back, but there is also a word formation method in Cantonese in which the back modifies the front. Such as:
Chicken (hen) Gougong (male dog) Renke (guest) Dried vegetables (dried vegetables)
Cucumber sour (pickled cucumber)
3. There is a two-to-one approach in parallel expressions. The first two and the last one refer to the same thing or the different properties of the same thing at the same time. Such as:
Slobber phlegm (phlegm) Night head night (night) Honest power (simple and generous colors and styles, brighter and more gorgeous) Dahuishai (describes a larger and stupid person) Big food lazy ( Good food, lazy to cook)
4. In Mandarin, most words with verb-object structure are verbs, and a few are nouns. In Cantonese, in addition to forming verbs and nouns, they also form adjectives. Such as:
Overcrowded (full house, overcrowded), Overwhelming (smashing the pot), Overwhelming (crowded)
Addiction (the feeling of arousing interest but not being satisfied)
Bi Xing (referring to children who are sensible) and rebel (ruthless and meaningless)
5. Add two identical or different lining words after the adjective to increase the rhythm of the word and make the word more vivid. There are similar word formation methods in Mandarin, but Cantonese is particularly rich. Such as:
Dororo Luo Luo Sheng Sheng Bai Xue Xue Hot Spicy Fatty Ten4 Hips High and Present
Wet Li Lili Sliding lüd1 Stroking Black Meng1 Swinging Thin Meng2 Meng
Straight-stroke pen with sharp tip and short, slightly rounded dem4dê4 红dangdanghualilu
6. Add the suffixes such as 子, 女, 老, 波, etc. to the nouns.
Such as:
Dao Zai (knife) Shi Zai (small stool) Ming Zai (Xiao Ming) Ge Zai (song)
Beautiful girl (beautiful girl) La Nu (smart girl)
Pork guy (a man who sells pork) Fat guy (a fat man)
Washer woman (a woman who washes clothes for others) Fat woman (a fat woman)