concept of industrial design: at present, the widely adopted definition is the revised definition of industrial design given by the International Federation of Industrial Design Associations (ICSID) at its annual meeting in Paris in 198: "As far as mass-produced industrial products are concerned, it is called industrial design that materials, structures, shapes, colors, surface processing and decoration are endowed with new quality and qualification by virtue of training, technical knowledge, experience and visual perception."
1. traditional industrial design
industrial design was really recognized and played a role by people after the outbreak of the industrial revolution and developed on the condition of industrialized mass production. At that time, a large number of industrial products were shoddy, which seriously affected people's daily life. Industrial design, as an inevitable means to change the situation at that time, stepped onto the stage of history. Traditional industrial design refers to the creative activities of planning and designing products produced by industrial means to make them best match with users. Analyze the nature of industrial design from this concept: First, the purpose of industrial design is to achieve the best match between products and people. This kind of matching should not only meet people's needs, but also meet people's physiological and psychological needs, which precisely reflects the people-oriented design idea. Second, industrial design must be one? quot; Creative activities ". The nature of industrial design determines that it is an interdisciplinary science with a wide coverage, and it is involved in the research fields of many disciplines, such as the adhesive of industrial society, which makes the originally isolated disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, marketing, aesthetics, ergonomics, sociology, psychology, philosophy, etc. contact and blend with each other to form an organic unity. It has realized the combination of science that objectively reveals the laws of nature and art that subjectively and actively carries out creative activities.
2. Modern industrial design
The core of traditional industrial design is product design. With the development of history, the development of design connotation tends to be broader and deeper. Now, the development of human society has entered the modern industrial society, and the material achievements brought by design and its influence on human living conditions and lifestyles are incomparable in any previous era, so the concept of modern industrial design has emerged. Modern industrial design can be divided into two levels: broad industrial design and narrow industrial design.
generalized industrial design
refers to a series of behaviors from conception to the establishment of a practical implementation plan, which are expressed by clear means in order to achieve a specific purpose. It includes all the design processes of production and service by modern means.
narrow industrial design
refers to product design, that is, the response to the demand for tools and equipment generated in the relationship between man and nature. Including the design of material equipment such as tools, instruments and products needed for the maintenance and development of survival and life. The core of product design is that the product has good affinity and matching to the user's body and mind.
the definition of narrow industrial design is consistent with that of traditional industrial design. Since industrial design has always been based on product design, product design is often called industrial design. Classification of industrial design
With the expansion of the field of industrial design, different fields have their own characteristics. We can classify the field of industrial design from different angles:
1. Classify according to the existing form of art:
One-dimensional design refers to the design with time as a variable; Two-dimensional design, also known as graphic design, is aimed at the changing objects on the plane, such as the design of graphics, characters, trademarks and advertisements. Three-dimensional design, also known as three-dimensional design, such as products, packaging, architecture and environment; Four-dimensional design is the design of three-dimensional space with one-dimensional time (that is, the form of 3+1), such as stage design.
2. Based on the corresponding relationship between human, nature and society, it is classified according to the essential meaning of discipline formation:
Human, nature and society form the most basic relationship circle, and the corresponding relationship of their classification is roughly as follows:
◆ Product design: equivalent to narrow industrial design, mainly based on three-dimensional design;
◆ Environmental design: including the design of various buildings, urban and regional planning, building construction plan, environmental engineering, etc.
◆ Communication design is the design of communication activities realized by language, words or graphics. According to the different media, it can be divided into two categories: visual communication with words and graphics as the media; With language and. Audio-based auditory communication.
3. classify according to the concept and definition of industrial design:
with the development of science and technology and the application of modern technology, the boundary between industrial design and arts and crafts design is becoming blurred, and some design activities that originally belonged to the field of arts and crafts design have the characteristics of industrial design, such as furniture design and clothing design. As a bridge between technology and market, industrial design has rapidly expanded to all aspects of business:
◆ Advertising design: including newspapers, magazines, posters, brochures, trademarks, etc.
◆ Exhibition design: including pavement, window, display platform, signboard, exhibition, advertising tower, etc.
◆ packaging design: including wrapping paper, containers, labels, commodity packaging, etc.
◆ binding design: including magazines, books, illustrations, cartoons and layout design.
even in the self-contained architectural field, industrial design is playing an increasingly important role.
content of industrial design
industrial design has a broad application space in enterprises. Therefore, analyzing the content of industrial design from the perspective of enterprise's demand level will provide great convenience for enterprises to better use industrial design and create greater value.
1. product design
product design is the core of industrial design and the key link of enterprise application design, which realizes changing the form of raw materials into more valuable forms. Through the cognition of human physiology, psychology, living habits and other natural and social attributes, industrial designers locate the function, performance, form, price and use environment of products, and combine materials, technology, structure, technology, shape, color, surface treatment, decoration, cost and other factors to carry out creative design from the social, economic and technical perspectives to ensure the realization of design quality in enterprise production management.
2. Corporate identity design (CIS for short)
The corporate identity system consists of unified corporate philosophy, standardized corporate behavior and consistent visual image. That is, through CIS design, the enterprise can have a visual impact, can clearly show the personality of the enterprise, and is the embodiment of enterprise strength and confidence. A successful enterprise must have internal cohesion, which can make consumers have a sense of trust and identity externally, thus improving the visibility of the enterprise and realizing its business and development goals.
3. environmental design (interface design between people and hardware)
industrial design is involved in environmental design as an interface language to communicate between people and the environment (buildings, transportation, living rooms, shopping malls, streets, etc.). Through the cognition of people's different behaviors, purposes and needs, we can give the design object-a language, so that people and the environment can be integrated into one body, giving people a cordial, convenient and comfortable feeling. Environmental design focuses on solving all the problems of the interface between people and buildings in the city, such as information, signal system, environmental protection scheme, etc., and thus participates in solving major problems in social life.
4. Design management (Des；; 8n man A8 element (DM for short)
The design activity is regarded as an important part of enterprise operation. In the management of product series development such as project management, interface management and design system management, we are good at using design means, implementing design-oriented thinking and behavior, and transforming it with strategic or technological achievements into products or services. Design management is an essential factor for an enterprise to succeed. Enterprises should follow the design principles and strategies to guide all departments in their development, production and business activities, so as to achieve the design goals and increase the value of products. The successful application of design management can make the enterprise contain the management strategy in the strategic planning stage, and at the same time, the strategic advantage also lays a good foundation for the products and enterprises in the competition.
the ultimate goal of industrial design is to meet people's greatest needs in many aspects of physiology and psychology. Industrial products meet the needs of people's production and life during handicrafts. Undoubtedly, industrial design is to serve modern people, and it should meet the requirements of modern people. So it must first meet people's physiological needs-product function. A cup must be able to drink water, a pen must be able to write, a bicycle must be able to walk, a truck must be able to carry goods and so on. The first purpose of industrial design is to make people use products more conveniently and make them work better through reasonable planning. On the basis of studying product performance, industrial design also enables products to have a product form that is full of the spirit of the times, conforms to product performance and is in harmony with the environment through reasonable modeling means, so that people can enjoy beauty.
industrial design is the inevitable product of industrial modernization and market competition, and its design object is products produced in batches by industrialized methods. Industrial design has a great influence on modern human life, and at the same time it is subject to the realistic level of production and life.
the position and function of industrial design in enterprises: 6? Design is the bridge between enterprise and market: on the one hand, it transforms production and technology into products suitable for market demand, on the other hand, it feeds back market information to enterprises to promote their development. 6? 1? 6? Design is a means of product value-added: the biggest role for enterprises is to improve the added value of products. This added value is not tangible, but more intangible. Appearance, product image, etc. 1? 6? Design is an important resource of an enterprise: good design will make the enterprise have a better reputation, make the enterprise more dynamic and become a tool for company development. 1? 6? 1 Design is a means to establish a complete corporate visual image: corporate visual image is the best appearance for a company to establish a brand image, which is also a unique style of the company.
the creativity of industrial design is the most important premise of a good product design, simplicity is an important symbol of good design, and applicability is another important criterion to measure product design. The man-machine relationship is reasonable, and the man-machine interface is harmonious. The language of the product itself should be good at self-annotation, carefully handle every detail, pay attention to regional and national characteristics, contain cultural characteristics, pay attention to ecological balance, and be conducive to protecting the environment and the eternity of product design.
industrial design should follow the following principles: the principle of creativity; Market demand principle; User first principle; Enterprise goal principle; Easy to master the principle; Aesthetic principle; Principles of protecting ecological environment.
industrial design involves psychology, sociology, aesthetics, ergonomics, mechanical structure, photography, chromatics, methodology, and design.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = No matter in computer hardware and software, or in the application of computer technology, it is in a leading position in the world. In particular, the popularity of the Internet has enabled American society to enter a new era with the information industry as the leading factor. Under the new economic and cultural background, great changes have taken place in American industrial design since the end of 198s.
At the same time, American design pioneers, represented by Lowe, have passed away. Although some design companies named after them still exist, the positions of these masters have been replaced by a number of new independent design firms. These new design firms are very different from the traditional obvious firms in knowledge structure, service field and design means. Because they firmly grasp the pulse of the information age, their design business has expanded rapidly, and they have established a good reputation in the industry. They are called the heroes of the new generation of American industry by American Business Weekly. These new design consulting companies are named after the word "design" instead of famous designers, emphasizing that design is a team activity rather than an individual's work, such as Smart Design in new york, Design Logic in Chicago and Lunar Design in California. In many cases, the directors of these companies are first-generation or second-generation European immigrants, and the famous Forgdesign was originally a German company. These new-generation designers brought more European concepts to the United States, thus closely combining the advanced technology of the United States with the profound historical and cultural traditions of Europe, and making American design have a great leap in the information age. This situation is particularly prominent in California, especially in Silicon Valley, on the one hand, because many Europeans have settled here, and on the other hand, because the emerging high-tech industries here have little connection with American design predecessors in the previous machine age. Here, many new design companies have been serving high-tech companies such as Apple.
unlike the traditional industrial design office, which mainly provides industrial product appearance design, new design companies can provide more comprehensive services to enterprises. They can not only provide product appearance design and engineering design, but also provide market research, consumer survey, ergonomics research, public relations planning and even corporate website design and maintenance, and have the ability of global activities. In fact, some new design companies have established global service networks to cope with the trend of globalization of the world economy. This change in industrial design reflects the change in enterprise management. In the future, more and more enterprises will reduce the number of research institutions within their enterprises and adopt social cooperation, which will not only reduce expenses, but also seek more extensive cooperation of professional resources in society. In addition, many enterprises regard design as a strategic management means to improve their business quality and stimulate creativity, instead of limiting design to the development activities of a single product, thus greatly expanding the application scope of industrial design. As enterprises put forward a wider demand for design, the personnel composition of design companies is not limited to designers, but the cooperation of multiple professionals. In addition, the design methods of design companies have also undergone revolutionary changes due to the extensive use of computer-aided design. SGI(Silicon Graphic) graphic workstations and design software such as Alias and Pro-Designer make industrial design more flexible.