2005-04-26
Identification method of authenticity of clothing and leather products
(1) clothing
1, set
Classification and quality requirements of (1) suits
Suits usually refer to western-style tops, which are made of pure wool, wool blended fabrics, wool-like chemical fibers and other fabrics. According to the different keys, the west is divided into single row and double row keys; According to different coupling types, it can be divided into flat barge head and shovel head.
The quality requirements of a suit are as follows:
1) Beautiful, flat, crisp and full. Except for a few parts, it should be symmetrical based on the front midline.
2) The fabric has no obvious defects; The surface of coupling and barge head shall be free from defects.
3) The whole set of clothes shall be free of stains, water marks, powder marks, scalding yellow, aurora, thread ends and other defects that affect the appearance.
4) No degumming shall be allowed at the parts where the lining sticking process is adopted.
5) All parts of the line are straight and elastic; The stitch density meets the standard requirements.
6) The keyhole and nail buckle are located accurately and the size is appropriate. The nail buckle is firm, the keyhole is neat and smooth, and the thread should meet the requirements.
7) The rolled strip is flat and even in width.
8) Each part of the knot shall be positioned accurately, flat and firm.
9) The positions of trademarks, washing instructions and size marks are accurate, beautiful and firm.
10) Backward woolen fabrics and fabrics with directional patterns and patterns should have the same forward direction.
1 1) The same suit needs color matching.
(2) Appraisal method of suit quality.
When consumers buy a suit, they should go to a regular shopping mall and choose products from well-known or regular manufacturers to ensure the reliability and satisfaction of the products. When buying a suit, you can identify its quality by the following simple methods:
Look at the product logo and registered trademark.
All products that meet the national quality requirements have product specifications. The product description should include the following specific contents: ① the name and address of the manufacturing enterprise; ② Product name; ③ Product type and specification; ④ Composition and content of raw materials; ⑤ washing method; ⑥ Precautions for use and storage conditions; ⑦ The service life of the product; ⑧ Product standard number; Pet-name ruby product quality grade; Attending product quality inspection certificate; In addition, you should also check whether the size, fiber content and washing method of each suit are marked with washability and durability.
2) Identification of fabric fiber types
Take a wool suit as an example.
① Look. The fabric color of all-wool suit is all-wool fabric, and the warp and weft are all made of wool. Its structure is compact, its surface is glossy and smooth, its lines are clear and bright, and its color is soft.
2 touch. Generally, pure worsted fabrics are soft to the touch, smooth and waxy, good in body and bones, plump and firm, soft and uneven; Wool fabric feels close and rich, firm but not stiff, plump and elastic. Hold the wool fabric tightly with your hands, and then let it go immediately. The elastic wife of pure wool fabric can recover quickly, without wrinkling, or slowly.
③ Burning. That is, draw a few warp and weft yarns from the corners of the fabric and light them with fire. Pure wool emits white smoke in case of fire, which burns slowly and sometimes extinguishes itself, giving off a smell of burnt hair. Most of the burned ashes are loose and crisp black coke, which can be turned into powder by rubbing with your fingers. Chemical fiber, blended products or ash after chemical fiber combustion will contain moisture and have particles that are not easy to crush.
If consumers find that the composition content of the fabric and lining of the suit is seriously inconsistent with the label, they can send it to the local fiber inspection bureau for inspection. When it is found to be unqualified, it may claim compensation from the distributor or the production enterprise.
3) Look at the appearance and sewing quality.
There are obvious color differences on the surface of inferior suits, such as roving, belly yarn, hairiness, streaks, spots, stains, hot hands, breakage and other defects; Rough workmanship, the tightness of collar, coat, lining and lining is obviously inappropriate and uneven; The bottom collar is exposed too much, the shoulder seam is seriously uneven and uneven, and the shoulder width is seriously inconsistent; There is obvious reflux in the mouth; The sleeves are obviously not round, the sleeves are obviously inconsistent before and after, and the sleeves are obviously uneven; The back is obviously uneven and lifted up; The surface has fuzzing, peeling and leakage; There are degumming, glue leakage, wrinkling and foaming phenomena in the parts where the adhesive lining is used.
4) Look at the inspection report
When buying clothes, you can also ask the operator for the inspection report of the products inspected by the quality supervision and inspection department to confirm whether the products meet the requirements of national standards, industry standards or enterprise standards. In particular, it is necessary to check whether the safety and health indicators such as formaldehyde content, PH value and color fastness of the products meet the requirements. If such indicators exceed the standard seriously, it will do harm to human health, and consumers must not buy them.
2, cashmere sweater
(1) Characteristics of Cashmere
Cashmere sweater is a worsted knitted product made of high-quality and precious natural cashmere. Cashmere is soft and smooth, soft and warm, soft in color, elastic and comfortable to wear.
Therefore, the cashmere sweater made of goat's milk has the characteristics of natural luster, soft and rich feel, softness, lightness, warmth, smoothness and elasticity, which can be compared with pure wool products and other fiber products. It naturally gives people a sense of luxury, elegance and otherness, and has a unique cultural taste.
(2) Identification method of fake cashmere sweater
1) When buying cashmere sweaters, it is best to buy them in large shopping malls or specialty stores; Select manufacturers and brands with stable and reliable quality recognized by the state, and carefully check whether there is cashmere content, quality certificate, product manual, registered trademark, size specification, washing instructions, etc.
2) look. High-quality cashmere sweater has early modeling, fine workmanship, soft and natural color, full suede, clear lines and uniform evenness. You can check the uniformity of dried noodles in the light when you buy them. If there are serious cloud spots, thick knots, details or holes, it means that there are serious quality problems and it is an inferior product.
3) Touch by hand. Touch and hold with your hands, you can really feel the softness, lightness, warmth, delicacy, smoothness and elasticity of cashmere sweater.
At present, the so-called "cashmere sweater" on the market is a typical counterfeit cashmere product. Because cashmere is only produced in goats and sheep only produce wool, it is impossible to produce cashmere. Compared with cashmere, the so-called "wool quilt" on sheep feels rough and hard, and it feels astringent when sliding on double layers; Cashmere sweaters are very comfortable to wear next to the body, while "cashmere sweaters" products will feel itchy when worn next to the body. The so-called "goat cashmere", "modified cashmere", "improved cashmere" and other products are all made of goat bottom wool, or the wool is peeled and improved to pretend to be cashmere, which must not be compared with real cashmere sweaters.
3. Silk fabric
Silk refers to the fabric made of silk (silkworm, tussah or other silk) and laboratory fiber filaments (viscose, polyester, nylon, cuprammonia, acetate fiber, etc.). ). It mainly includes pure woven fabrics and interwoven fabrics, collectively referred to as silk fabrics.
(1) Silk Fabric Item No.
Silk products usually carry labels with numbers representing silk numbers printed on them. Pay attention to identification when buying.
1) export silk product number
The national unified product number of silk products for export is five digits. The first digit represents the raw materials used in silk, and its meaning is as follows: 1- silk (that is, mulberry silk and mulberry oak interwoven varieties, including mulberry silk, double palace silk, mulberry silk and castor spun silk); 2- synthetic filament, synthetic filament and synthetic staple yarn interwoven fabric; 3—— Fabric composed of yarns blended with natural silk staple fibers and other staple fibers; 4- pure tussah silk and tussah-mulberry interwoven fabric with tussah silk content above 50%; 5- viscose filament or fabric interwoven with cuprammonia, acetate filament and its staple yarn; 6—— refers to the fabric in which the warp and weft are interwoven by two or more raw materials except "1, 2, 3, 4, 5"; 7- quilt cover.
The second number represents the fabric weave.
The last three digits refer to the serial number of the goods.
Usually these three numbers are preceded by uppercase English letters, representing the place of origin, such as B for Beijing and S for Shanghai.
2) domestic silk product number
The product number of domestic silk fabrics consists of four Arabic numerals. It is arranged by each province and city, and the number of silk in different parts of China is different.
(2) The difference between silk fabrics and polyester and nylon silk fabrics:
1) silk fabrics have natural luster, soft and not dazzling; Polyester silk fabric is highly reflective, while nylon silk fabric has poor luster, and there seems to be a layer of wax on the surface.
2) The silk fabric is soft and delicate; Pure silk products can make a special sound when rubbed together, commonly known as "silk sound"; But polyester and nylon fabrics are neither soft nor hard.
3) The silk fabric is released after being held by hand, and its rebound is soft and slow, with little or no wrinkles; Polyester silk fabrics rebound quickly, crisp and seamless; Nylon silk fabric has a small number of creases, which can be slowly restored to its original state.
4) it is easy to break silk after spinning; Polyester yarn and nylon yarn are not easy to break.
5) ignite the silk with fire, which has the smell of burning hair; Polyester yarn has a sweet taste, and nylon yarn has an amino taste.
4, international brand-name clothing
Generally speaking, international famous brand clothing products enjoy a high reputation in the market for their excellent performance, novel design and stable and reliable quality. Because of its unique influence on the market and high price, some unscrupulous traders do not hesitate to make and sell fake goods in pursuit of self-interest, which seriously infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. How can consumers avoid being cheated and hurt by fake goods?
(1) To buy branded clothing products, it is best to go to a large shopping mall or specialty store, and pay attention to check whether the specialty store (cabinet) has a franchise certificate granted by the brand.
(2) check the unique signs of brand-name clothing.
For example, in the "Playboy" series of goods, the registered trademark of the pattern is a rabbit head with a bow tie, and the trademark of the text book is "Playboy". The trademark of genuine "Playboy" products is in the obvious position of each product, the rabbit head is clear and exquisite, and so are the English letters; The fake rabbit head is rough and irregular, or it has long ears, or it is tilted.
Another example is the "Meng Te Jiao" series of goods, the registered trademark is "Meng Te Jiao Hua" and the registered trademark is "Meng Te Jiao". Similarly, the logo of the genuine "Montague" product is clear and beautiful, with water marks, and three "Montague Little Flowers" patterns can be seen under the fluorescent lamp.
(3) check the clothing logo
According to national standards, imported clothing products should indicate the country of origin (country or region) of the products and the names and addresses of agents, importers or sellers registered in China according to law. At the same time, the product name, product size and specification, composition and content of raw materials used, washing method, precautions for use and storage conditions, product standard number and quality grade should also be marked in Chinese.
(4) According to the clothing logo, check whether the fabric component content of the product is consistent with the actual situation. Generally, high-grade clothing products are equipped with small pieces of fabric for standby. Consumers can extract yarns in both warp and weft directions, conduct a burning test, and identify them from the burning state, smell and residual characteristics of the fibers.
Combustion characteristics are as follows:
Characteristics of odor residue during fiber combustion
Cotton burns quickly. The paper burns into fine and soft gray-black flocs.
Marijuana burns quickly, and the paper burns into a fine and soft gray floccule.
Silk curls and melts hair, burning loose and brittle black particles.
Hair curls, melts and burns slowly. Black scorch with loose and crisp hair.
Viscose fibers burn quickly, and the paper smells a little gray.
Polyester melt, black smoke, sweet, hard and black beads.
(5) Check the appearance and sewing quality.
Authentic international brand-name clothing products, exquisite workmanship. For example, the main inspections of packaged shirt products are as follows:
1) Whether the folding is correct, and whether the positions of trademarks and size marks are correct and accurate.
2) Whether the fabric has obvious defects and color difference;
3) whether the collar seat is round, whether the collar size is symmetrical, whether the bottom collar is exposed and whether the ironing is smooth;
4) Whether the pocket position is correct and the sealing size is firm;
5) Whether the placket is smooth, whether the tightness is appropriate, whether the lines are straight, whether the length of the placket is consistent with that of the placket, and whether the buckle position is consistent with the eye position;
6) Whether the sleeves are eaten evenly, the width of the armhole opening line is consistent, the length of the two sleeves is consistent, and the size of the two cuffs is consistent.
(6) Check the inspection report
When purchasing internationally renowned brand products, consumers can also check the inspection reports of the quality supervision and inspection departments to ensure that the performance of the products meets the requirements of relevant national standards, industry standards or enterprise standards.
(2) Eco-textiles
1, the concept of "eco-textiles"
"Eco-spun Fructus Aurantii", also known as "green textile", refers to the textile and clothing products which are produced with environmentally-friendly raw materials and production processes, have passed toxicological tests and have corresponding marks, and are harmless to human health.
The ecology of eco-textiles includes three aspects: production, use and recycling;
(1) Ecological essence of textile production. That is, the production process pollutes the environment, and the product itself is not polluted.
(2) Textile consumption and production. To investigate the influence of harmful substances remaining in textiles on human health.
(3) Ecological nature of textile treatment. That is, textiles can be recycled or degraded naturally, and harmful substances released in waste treatment are harmless to the environment.
2. Eco-textile signs
At present, there are three kinds of eco-textile signs widely used at home and abroad:
(1) OekoTex standard 100 "confidence textiles-detection of harmful substances" label.
(2) "Eco-textiles" label issued by China Fiber Product Quality Certification Center.
(3) "China Environmental Mark".
3. Quality requirements of eco-textiles
There are clear quality requirements for testing and certification of eco-textiles at home and abroad. At present, the quality requirements (technical standards) of eco-textiles mainly include the following three items:
(1) OekoTex standard 100 issued by the international textile ecological research and inspection association (i.e. "General and Special Technical Requirements for Ecological Textile Standards");
(2) National standard GB/T 18885-2002 "Technical Requirements for Ecological Textiles" promulgated by AQSIQ;
(3) HJB230-2000 "Eco-textiles" standard issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration.
In the standard, eco-textiles are divided into four categories according to the final use of the products: 1) baby products (Class I products). Products, basic materials and accessories used by infants under 2 years old and roes, except leather clothes. 2) Products in direct contact with skin (Class II products). Refers to products (such as shirts, underwear, tops, sheets, etc. Its surface area is in direct contact with human skin when it is worn. 3) Products that are not in direct contact with skin (Class III products). Refers to products (such as coats, fillers, etc.). ) When wearing and using it, it does not directly contact with exfoliated skin or contact with human skin in a small area. 4) decorative materials (Ⅳ products). Refers to decorative textiles (such as tablecloths and curtains). ).
4. How to identify eco-textile and garment products?
From raw materials to production, eco-textiles requirements:
(1) Do not use harmful dyes;
(2) adopting a chlorine-free bleaching process;
(3) finishing agents such as low tetra-aldehyde or non-tetra-aldehyde resins are used in post-finishing processes such as resins;
(4) The content of pesticides and heavy metals in the product is extremely low;
(5) The product shall not be treated with mildew, moth and smoldering.
When consumers buy textile and clothing products, it is best to buy qualified products that meet the requirements of national standards or products with ecological textile signs. If consumers have doubts about the use or safety performance of the purchased clothing products, they can consult and verify with relevant departments to ensure the health of themselves and their families.
(3) Leather products
Leather, fur and leather. Fur refers to the products obtained by tanning raw hides with fur; Leather refers to the products made by tanning raw hides without hair; Leather products refer to products made of fur or leather as the main raw materials.
1, leather type
There are many classification methods of leather, which can be divided into chrome tanned leather, vegetable tanned leather and combined tanned leather according to tanning methods. According to their uses and properties, they are classified as shown in Table 9-2.
2. Sensory identification method of leather types.
(1) cattle hide: It is a kind of high-grade leather, with plump, delicate and bright leather surface, tiny pores, circular arrangement, soft leather board, fine grain, firm, firm and elastic feel.
(2) Buffalo hide: the leather surface is rough and uneven, and the pores are larger and rarer than cowhide.
(3) Pigskin: The skin of leather is rough and the pores are thick. One pore has three hairs, which are far apart and arranged in a triangle. It feels tight and brittle, and it is one of the stronger leathers. After processing, the softness of pigskin can exceed that of cowhide.
(4) Horse skin: The leather is soft, with small pores, oblate, slightly larger than cowhide, inclined into the leather, mountain-shaped, and arranged regularly.
(5) Sheepskin: The leather is loose, with small pores, oblate, soft to the touch and not as fast as goatskin.
(6) Goatskin: the leather is fine, the fiber is dense, there are a lot of fine hairs, and the pores are fine. Arranged in a semicircle, I feel very tough.
(7) Imitation leather (also called artificial leather and synthetic leather): it is a synthetic imitation leather made of knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, plastics, rubber, etc., with no air holes or imitation air holes on the surface. Cloth patterns can be seen at the bottom, which are mostly used for sofa decoration and clothing, shoes and hats.
3. Identification method of leather product quality.
High-quality leather (upper leather, mostly used to make high-grade leather clothes) has clear and uniform pores, moderate hardness and high quality. Second skin and broken skin are the second. Usually, the abdominal cortex of cattle, sheep and other animals is soft and thin, and the back cortex is smooth, thick and hard. Clothes made of belly skin are soft, but their toughness is poor; Clothes made of leather on the back are thick and durable.
Usually, in addition to special leather products, collocation method is adopted in leather selection, including pig and cowhide, cattle, sheep and pig skin. When purchasing, you can refer to the characteristics of various leathers for identification. At the same time, it should also be noted that it is best not to remove nitrate (that is, the surface does not frost); In addition, it can also identify rotten leather or easy-to-gouge leather that has been stored for a long time and is not well kept. Some leather-like surfaces seem to have traces of pores, but under the light, the pores and the fibers of animal Pete can't be seen, and they smell of plastic and rubber; However, the animal skin has the residual smell of animals, as well as the smell of potions left by tanning.
4. Identification method of wool products.
Wool products are also called fur barrels. Is to peel off the sheepskin together with the fur and then process it. Some in the north directly make leather barrels into fur coats; Most of them are processed fabrics, and then an inner container is added to the wool surface; Or made into leather pants, fur mats, fur shoes, etc.
Fur products can be divided into lamb hair, adult hair, modified hair and ordinary hair. Lamb wool is a kind of good leather goods. It is shallow and curly, 2-3 cm long, pure white and bright, and it is not easy to fall off. The leather is soft. It is a fine product of leather clothes and leather pants. In adult sheepskin, there is a kind of fur with a hair length of 4-5 inches (13- 16cm), which is curly and looks like radish (also known as world radish wool skin). Hair is smooth and reversed with skin, soft and white, delicate and shiny, not easy to fall off, and the hair length is consistent. Leather is thin and soft. Now there are many improved wool skins with good warmth retention. Wool is rolled into cakes, some are long, some are short and some are thin, but the skin is thicker.
Inferior wool products: wool skin is thick and has many pieces, mostly patchwork skin; There is also a knife wound (that is, the skin is cut very thin when peeling); Coat colors are white and yellow, with different lengths; Some are bald, and their hair is thick and hard, which is easy to fall off with a finger brush; There are also homemade wool skins, which are not tanned with liquid medicine, but with indigenous methods such as skin saltpeter. Leather is easy to regain moisture and deteriorate, as hard as a paper shell, and does not keep warm. There are also dead sheepskin and winter sheepskin, which are easy to shed and have hard skins.
When buying fur products such as fur coats and shoes, we should not only look at the main points, but also pay attention to whether the back of the sleeve is short, short and thick.
5. Identification method of mink skin quality.
The plush quality of mink skin can be divided into three types: high quality, ordinary quality and inferior quality.
High-quality mink fur has upright needle tips, uniform fur surface, moderate fluff density, smooth color, moderate length and density ratio of needle hair and fluff, and no difference in fur color between back and abdomen.
The outer fur tip of ordinary mink skin is slightly curved, the fur surface is relatively uniform, the fur color on the back and fishy part is obviously different, and the plush is flexible and bright.
The needles of inferior mink fur are messy, badly spun, dull in appearance, hollow in fluff, or white or grayish white, or the fluff is not flexible, and the colors of back and abdomen are inconsistent or inconsistent with summer fur.
6. Identification method of blue fox skin quality.
The first-class blue fox has gray-blue fur, soft and dense plush, complete Mao Feng, complete skin and excellent board quality.
The fur of the medium blue fox is grayish blue or brown, shiny, with short fluff, complete Mao Feng, complete skin and excellent plate quality.
The fur of inferior blue fox is grayish brown, short plush, thin Mao Feng and scarred.
7, silver fox skin quality identification method.
Silver fox skin is the most high-grade leather raw material in the domestic and foreign markets.
The coat color of high-quality silver fox skin is dark black, and the needles are evenly distributed from neck to hip; Smooth color, full down feather of native sheep, neat Mao Feng, irregular skin and excellent board quality.
The fur of common silver fox skin is dark or slightly brown, and the silver needles are evenly distributed, shiny, short and slightly sparse in Mao Feng.
The fur of the second-grade silver fox is dark brown and dull, with uneven distribution of silver needles, short and slightly thin hair, short and thick Mao Feng, slightly thick midvein with needles and weak plate.
8. Identification method of true and false leather clothes
Goatskin, sheepskin and pigskin are mainly used to make leather garments. Different leathers have different characteristics after processing. The grain surface of goatskin is arranged in a semi-circular arc with 2 ~ 4 air holes, and there are a large number of delicate fluff holes around it. The fibers in leather are thick and compact, strong and wear-resistant, soft and elastic. Sheep skin is thin, soft to the touch, and the pores are small and oblate. Several pores form a group of rows and are evenly distributed, and the fibers in leather are thin and loose, so they are not strong and wear-resistant. The pigskin surface is uneven and rough, and the pores are sparse and thick, three of which are triangular. The fibers in the skin are evenly interwoven, the hand feel is harder than that of sheepskin, and the luster is poor. Animal skin has its own characteristics, and it also has the characteristics of * * * *, that is, it feels plump and soft, with natural pores and patterns on the front, and the bottom plate of animal skin on the back has a special leather smell.
High-quality leather feels soft and full, elastic, uniform in thickness and consistent in pattern. The surface color is smooth and natural, and the adjacent leather has the same luster, but the light and shade are opposite. Uniform dyeing, no fading phenomenon. Wipe the surface with white paper a few times, and the paper will not be colored. There are no spots such as lice bites and insect bites on the surface. Fine sewing, flat body, no warping, skewed stitches, improper splicing and so on.
Fake leather clothing mainly adopts artificial leather (PVC) or PU leather (polyurethane) imitating sheepskin. The base course is characterized by soft touch, smooth surface, good wear resistance, but poor air permeability. There are no natural pores on the front, and the back floor is non-woven fabric, not animal skin floor. It feels hard in winter and soft in summer.
Inferior leather garments have rough and hard feel and inconsistent patterns, and the spliced leather has different luster, asymmetry or disharmony. Rub a few times on the leather with white paper to color the paper. Leather has rough spots, such as lice bites, or rough wrinkles, unevenness, warped edges, and undistorted stitches.
9. How to distinguish natural leather, artificial leather and reclaimed leather?
Recycled leather, also known as leather board paper, is a kind of cardboard-like material made of waste leather from leather factories and tanneries through washing, softening, grinding and adding adhesive. Because it is made of leather fiber, it can be used as materials for tanning, box making and so on, so it is named kraft paper.
Artificial leather is coated with PVC, polyurethane and other resins, and backed with cloth and woolen cloth, which is generally airtight. However, with the progress of science and technology, the technology of artificial leather is becoming more and more mature, and the quality of products is greatly improved. In particular, artificial leather can be confused with real leather, and its permeability, softness, feel and appearance are similar to those of natural leather.
The surface of synthetic leather is mainly polyurethane resin, and the material is non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers such as polyester, cotton and polypropylene, which has certain air permeability, but it is not as good as sports leather.
Natural leather, artificial leather and recycled leather can be distinguished by the following methods:
(1) Visual identification method: First, we can identify dermatoglyphics and pores. Patterns and pores can be seen on the surface of natural leather, which are evenly distributed. The reverse side is sports fiber, and the level of side section is obvious. The lower layer is animal fiber. Scraping with fingernails will make leather fibers stand up and feel fluffy, and a small amount of fibers can also fall off; Fabric can be seen on the reverse side of artificial leather. Like synthetic leather, there are no animal fibers on the side and no pores on the surface. However, some artificial pores like leather are not obvious, the patterns are not obvious, or there are regular artificial patterns, and the pores are quite consistent. Although there are animal fibers in the regenerated skin, they are all chopped fibers, and there are no natural patterns and pores on the surface.
(2) Handfeel identification method: Leather has elastic handfeel, and natural wrinkles will appear when the front of leather is about 900 degrees downward. The thickness and number of folds produced by bending in different parts are obviously uneven, which can basically be considered as leather because leather has a natural fiber structure. Artificial leather and synthetic leather feel like plastic and have poor recoverability. The thickness and times of bending in all directions are similar.
(3) odor identification method: natural leather has a strong fur odor, which is obvious even after slicing; Moreover, artificial leather and synthetic leather products have the taste of plastic, but have no taste of fur.
(4) Combustion identification method: Take a small sample for combustion, mainly to smell the smell of coke and see the state of ash. When natural leather burns, it will give off the smell of burnt hair, which will be easily broken into powder; However, artificial leather, synthetic leather and recycled leather have a strong flame when burning, which shrinks quickly and has a very unpleasant plastic smell. It becomes sticky after burning, and will become hard and agglomerate after cooling.
(5) Freeze-heat test method: General natural leather will not change its soft and hard feeling with the change of environmental temperature. Artificial leather and synthetic leather feel stiff at the freezing temperature of the refrigerator, but they will appear soft under light baking.