The current financial crisis has brought about worldwide industrial restructuring. Software service outsourcing has increasingly become an important part of service trade, a new trend of international industrial transfer, and a brand-new industry with great development prospects. It has brought new opportunities to the development of China, namely, actively undertaking international software service outsourcing business, vigorously developing software service outsourcing industry, cultivating international competitiveness, optimizing economic structure and changing the growth mode of foreign trade, which are of great significance to China, which started late in this field.
I. New pattern of global software service outsourcing industry development
The software and information service industry is a brand-new industrial form that best meets the requirements of new industrialization. As a new business model, software service outsourcing has developed rapidly in recent years. With the adjustment of world industrial structure, the vigorous development and wide application of information technology, software service outsourcing has become a new growth point of global economy and an important force to promote the development of software and information service industry.
(1) The outsourcing of software and information services is developing rapidly, and the transaction scale is constantly expanding
According to statistics, the global market of software and information services continues to grow. In 27, the market scale of software and information services has reached $813.9 billion, of which software services reached $117.6 billion. In 28, the global offshore service market exceeded US$ 68 billion, and the offshore outsourcing business of global information technology outsourcing (ITO) mainly focused on software service outsourcing, accounting for 42.1%, especially in software development and maintenance. The largest offshore business of global business process outsourcing (BPO) is customer service, and the offshore growth rate of financial accounting business is the slowest.
With the development of the global offshore service market, there are more and more outsourced jobs. At present, the number of white-collar jobs flowing to countries with lower labor costs has increased dramatically. In the past three years, about 4, white-collar service jobs in the United States have been transferred overseas. Software and information service outsourcing industry has become a pillar industry in developed countries, and its position in global economic development and international competition is also increasing. At present, more and more enterprises, especially those with strong strength, are constantly outsourcing productive software services, making it a new economic growth point.
(2) The intellectual added value of software and information service outsourcing has increased and become the main force of high-end employment
Developing software service outsourcing is a strategic choice to participate in economic globalization in the new era. Software service outsourcing belongs to the category of high-end service industry, which is a "green industry" with zero pollution, high knowledge content, low resource consumption and high added value, which can accelerate the development and upgrading of service industry. Practice shows that software service outsourcing has gradually become an important breakthrough to promote the high-end development of modern service industry, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode.
The outsourcing of software and information services has improved the technical knowledge required for outsourcing, and the global knowledge-based software service outsourcing has risen. Many companies not only transfer low-end services such as data entry and document management, but also outsource high-tech and value-added services such as risk management, financial analysis and research and development. Software and information outsourcing have gradually developed from operational outsourcing to intelligent outsourcing, and the proportion of technology and knowledge is getting higher and higher. The level of knowledge and technology required for software service outsourcing has also been continuously improved, and the simple relationship between contractors and suppliers has developed into a new strategic partnership. At present, software service outsourcing is not limited to developed countries and some large companies. Many developing countries, some small and medium-sized enterprises and even individuals also outsource some businesses in order to reduce costs, and the scope of outsourced customers continues to expand. At the same time, there are more and more outsourcing countries, and some developing countries have participated in the international software service outsourcing, such as India, China, Russia, South Korea, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Venezuela and Bangladesh. The global outsourcing market is concentrated in India, Ireland and other countries. 8/ of India's software industry's revenue comes from the software and information service outsourcing business in the United States, while the vast majority of the European market is taken over by Ireland. With the accelerating pace of global industrial transfer, China, Philippine and Russian are becoming new contracting forces. In 28, the total number of employees engaged in global information and software outsourcing has reached 14 million.
(3) Design R&D services to go offshore to developing countries
With the continuous decline in the number of local working-age laborers in some developed countries and the increasing competition and profit pressure faced by various industries, software service outsourcing and offshoring are becoming an important means for multinational enterprises to globally deploy, cope with competition and enhance their international competitiveness. At the same time, new forms and opportunities of software service outsourcing and offshoring emerge one after another, and IT infrastructure services and design and development services will become the new driving force for the continued rapid development of offshoring. With the continuous reduction of communication costs and the continuous improvement of telecommunications infrastructure, the proportion of personnel costs in IT infrastructure operations has been increasing. Leading multinational companies have begun to outsource IT infrastructure services on a global scale, and it is becoming another emerging trend to design R&D services offshore to developing countries. Driven by low-cost labor, talent pool and proximity to local market and production in offshore destinations, multinational companies are shifting their design and research to Eastern Europe, India and China. For the late-developing countries, the development of offshore outsourcing services will promote the transformation of key sectors and industries in the national economy, and create a virtuous circle of independent innovation through the gathering of talents, knowledge and infrastructure. By introducing international leading software service outsourcing suppliers and customers and actively cooperating with them, it can help to improve the technology, management and independent innovation capabilities of enterprises in late-developing countries, and at the same time cultivate a group of high-quality labor and talents to continuously promote industrial innovation and scientific and technological progress.
second, opportunities and challenges faced by China's software service outsourcing industry
following the global shift of manufacturing industry in the last century, software service outsourcing and offshoring have become an irreversible new round of global industrial revolution and industrial transfer trend. Faced with such a global trend, China is faced with a historic choice and opportunity. It needs to base itself on its unique advantages, seize emerging opportunities, actively face challenges, and achieve rapid development by leaps and bounds.
(I) Opportunities for China's software service outsourcing industry
The global software service outsourcing business started in the 198s, and gained rapid development after the mid-199s. In the new century, the global software service outsourcing will continue to maintain a rapid development momentum. Although the software service outsourcing in China started late, there is great room for development in the future. Roland Berger International Management Consulting Company pointed out that although China's comprehensive strength in undertaking software service outsourcing is relatively inferior to that of India and Ireland, China, with its unique advantages, is becoming a powerful rival of India and is recognized as a new outsourcing center.
The current financial crisis has brought about a worldwide economic recession. Under this new economic situation, the first priority for the first-developing countries is to reduce costs, and the answer to how to reduce costs is service outsourcing. In the long run, outsourcing can not only reduce costs, but also help to improve the degree of specialization of services and correspondingly improve the effectiveness of costs. As a result, the more the economic downturn and survival become a test, the more the demand for outsourcing will increase. For example, the output value and scale of financial services will continue to expand, and the cost savings brought by offshore process outsourcing in the financial industry can reach 4%-6%.
China has a large number of high-quality and low-cost professional and technical personnel. According to statistics, in 23, China colleges and universities trained about 14, computer software professionals, an increase of 57.3% over 22, and 264, software and related graduates. The monthly salary of domestic engineers is only $5, while that of India is $7 and that of the United States is as high as $4,. China's IT labor cost is only 7% of Indian's and 1/8 of American's. American Business Weekly believes that China's low-cost, talented software technicians are a major advantage in IT software service outsourcing. The source power of American enterprise software service outsourcing industry is to obtain the lowest cost and the maximum profit through outsourcing. Professor Liu Zunyi of Stanford University pointed out that outsourcing is beneficial to American enterprises to reduce costs and ensure their survival and further development. Without outsourcing, many companies like Nike will be hard to survive.
China has unique advantages in infrastructure, domestic market, foreign investment and language and cultural similarity with North Asia. Taking infrastructure as an example, China has a world-class telecommunications infrastructure, which can achieve 99.98% network connectivity and provide stable and uninterrupted dual power supply for major software bases. About 15 civil airports connect most first-class and second-class cities, and more than 3 cities have international airports and international direct flights. After more than 2 years of rapid economic development, China has formed a complete industrial and service system, and the investment environment, especially the soft environment, has been continuously improved. Holding the 28 Beijing Olympic Games and the 21 Shanghai World Expo has enabled China enterprises to undertake service outsourcing on a large scale. China has a good foundation of humanities connection, with more than 2 million Japanese and Korean talents in the country, and its language and culture similarity with North Asia is outstanding. At present, China, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Dalian, Hangzhou and other major cities have formed regional outsourcing centers, which have developed particularly rapidly in opening up the Japanese software service outsourcing market, and have initially formed a backbone enterprise group for software export development to Japan. CCID believes that by 21, the outsourcing market in China will reach US$ 7 billion, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.2%.
in order to seize the rare development opportunity in time, the China municipal government promoted the implementation of the "Thousand Hundred Thousand Projects", launched corresponding talent training programs, and encouraged software service outsourcing enterprises to obtain international certification, so as to vigorously promote China software service outsourcing enterprises to become stronger and bigger as soon as possible. Specifically, it includes: arranging special funds for software service outsourcing training to support college students to increase their professional knowledge and skills in software service outsourcing, encouraging software service outsourcing enterprises to create new jobs for college students, and focusing on training new college graduates and unemployed college graduates and new employees in software service outsourcing enterprises; Give certain rewards to software service outsourcing enterprises that meet the requirements and obtain industry international certification, and take effective measures to support the maintenance and upgrading of their international certification; Providing policy loans and related services for the development of software service outsourcing enterprises; Support software service outsourcing enterprises to vigorously explore the international market and undertake international (offshore) software service outsourcing business.
(II) Challenges faced by China's software service outsourcing industry
In recent years, China's software service outsourcing has grown from scratch, its scale has been continuously expanded, and its fields have been gradually broadened. Its business scope mainly involves electronic information industry, producer service industry and cultural and creative industries, and its clients include Japan, South Korea, Europe and the United States. The business volume of software service outsourcing is increasing, but there are still many problems.
firstly, the structure of human resources is unreasonable. The existing human resources structure in China presents a pyramid shape, that is, there is a shortage of high-end talents engaged in software service outsourcing, software talents with comprehensive ability and strong application ability, and intermediate technical talents, while the number of low-end general software talents at the bottom of the pyramid with low technical requirements is sufficient. In fact, the demand for human resources structure in the current development of software service outsourcing presents a "rugby" shape, and the demand for intermediate technical talents is huge, which further exposes the problem that the supply and demand of human resources in China are seriously inconsistent; At the same time, compared with the native English-speaking Indian, the English level of the relevant staff in China is low and they lack the corresponding language advantage. In addition, due to cultural differences, relevant employees in China lack understanding of western business concepts.
secondly, the international market development ability is low. The competition of international software service outsourcing is becoming increasingly fierce. Due to the influence of language, marketing ability and capital, China software outsourcing enterprises lack a group of professionals who are familiar with international rules, and their ability to explore the international market is low. Most domestic software enterprises in China are not aware of or able to publicize their products and strengths on the international stage, they do not attach importance to CMM quality certification, and they lack software talents who are familiar with the operation modes and norms of multinational companies. Although many American and European software companies are interested in offshore processing cooperation with China, they can't establish trust in China software companies because they don't know the technology and quality level of China's software industry and China's software companies, and the piracy is serious. The government and industry organizations have not effectively helped enterprises to establish contact with foreign markets and customers in these aspects. On the other hand, the Indian government has taken active measures to create favorable conditions for undertaking software service outsourcing and seize the international outsourcing market. On the one hand, we should adopt an open talent training and mobility policy to create favorable human resources conditions for undertaking outsourcing; On the other hand, it provides preferential policies and information consulting services for enterprises, which directly promotes the rapid development of Indian software service outsourcing exports. Undertaking software service outsourcing has become the focus of competition in all countries, especially in developing countries. However, China's software service outsourcing enterprises have not yet established a strict management system, lacked a sound R&D and marketing network, and their technicians' ability to communicate with customers is relatively weak, which has greatly affected China enterprises' undertaking international software service outsourcing.
furthermore, the domestic market is short of financing channels. The software industry is a high-risk and high-return industry, and its growth is inseparable from sufficient and effective funds, so venture capital is particularly important for software outsourcing. The current venture capital market in China is not mature, and most software enterprises are private enterprises. The serious lack of credit leads to financing difficulties, and the venture capital invested in the software industry is very limited. Bank "loan guarantee"