Not the same. Ferrous sulfate is an inorganic substance with the chemical formula FeSO4 and its appearance is a white powder with no odor. Its crystalline hydrate is a heptahydrate at normal temperature, commonly known as "green vitriol". It is a light green crystal that weathers in dry air and is oxidized to brown basic iron sulfate on its surface in humid air. It becomes a tetrahydrate at 56.6°C. , becomes monohydrate at 65°C. Ferrous sulfate is soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol. Its aqueous solution oxidizes slowly in the air when it is cold and oxidizes quickly when it is hot. Adding alkali or exposure to light can accelerate its oxidation. Relative density (d15)1.897. Irritating. Ferrous sulfate can be used as chromatographic analysis reagent and droplet analysis to determine platinum, selenium, nitrite and nitrate. Ferrous sulfate can also be used as a reducing agent, ferrite production, water purification, polymerization catalyst, photographic plate making, etc.

Chinese name

Ferrous sulfate [9]

Foreign name

Ferrous sulfate [9]

Alias

Green vitriol (crystalline hydrate)

Chemical formula

FeSO4[9]

Molecular weight

151.908 [9]

Physical properties Chemical properties Application fields Production methods Toxicological information Safety terms Risk terms Safety measures News events Medicinal TA said

Physical properties

Appearance Appearance: white powder, light green crystal

Ferrous sulfate crystal

Melting point: 671°C (decomposition);

Relative density (water=1 ): 1.897 (15℃);

Molecular formula and molecular weight: FeSO4 (151.91); FeSO4·7H2O (278.03);

Structural formula:

Solubility: Soluble in water and glycerin, insoluble in ethanol. [1]

Boiling point: 330?C at 760 mmHg

Storage conditions: warehouse at low temperature, ventilated, dry, and stored separately from food raw materials [2]

Chemical Properties

Ferous sulfate has reducing properties. It decomposes under high heat and releases toxic gases. It is easily oxidized in humid air to brown basic iron sulfate that is insoluble in water. A 10% aqueous solution is acidic to litmus (pH value is about 3.7). The corresponding ferrous sulfate crystal hydrate is heptahydrate at room temperature. It loses 3 molecules of water when heated to 70-73°C, loses 6 molecules of water when heated to 80-123°C, and transforms into basic ferric sulfate when heated to above 156°C. [3]

Aqueous ferrous sulfate solution easily forms hexahydrated double salt M2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O with alkali metal sulfates (including ammonium salts), where M is an alkali metal ion or ammonium ion. The double salt of ferrous iron is much more stable, such as ferrous ammonium sulfate (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O, also known as molar (molar) salt, which is a commonly used reducing reagent in analytical chemistry. It is soluble in water and glycerin and has certain reducing properties. [1]

Application fields

Ferrous sulfate can be used in iron salts, iron oxide pigments, mordants, water purifiers, preservatives, disinfectants, etc.;

Ferrous sulfate

1. Water treatment

Ferrous sulfate is used for flocculation and purification of water, as well as for the removal of phosphates from urban and industrial sewage to prevent the enrichment of water bodies. Nutritionalization.

2. Reducing agent

A large amount of ferrous sulfate is used as a reducing agent, mainly reducing chromate in cement.

3. Medicinal use

Ferrous sulfate is used to treat iron deficiency anemia; it is also used to add iron to food. Long-term excessive use may cause abdominal pain, nausea, etc. side effect.

In medicine, it can also be used as a local astringent and blood tonic, and can be used for chronic blood loss caused by uterine fibroids.

4. Colorant

a, the production of iron tannate ink and other inks requires the use of ferrous sulfate. Ferrous sulfate is also found in mordants for wood dyeing.

b. Ferrous sulfate can be used to dye concrete into a yellow rust color.

c. Carpenters use ferrous sulfate to dye maple wood with a silver color.

5. Agriculture

Adjust soil pH and promote the formation of chlorophyll (also known as iron fertilizer), which can prevent and treat yellowing of flowers and trees caused by iron deficiency. It is an indispensable element for acid-loving flowers and trees, especially iron trees.

In agriculture, it can also be used as a pesticide to prevent and treat wheat smut, scab of apples and pears, and fruit tree rot; it can also be used as a fertilizer to remove moss and lichen from tree trunks.

6. Analytical Chemistry

Ferous sulfate can be used as a chromatographic analysis reagent. [4]

Production method

Industrial production method

1. Sulfuric acid method: Dissolve iron filings in a mixture of dilute sulfuric acid and mother liquor, and control the reaction The temperature should be below 80°C, otherwise ferrous sulfate monohydrate will precipitate. The slightly acidic ferrous sulfate solution generated by the reaction is clarified to remove impurities, then cooled and centrifuged to obtain light green ferrous sulfate;

2. By-product method of producing titanium dioxide: ilmenite is produced by decomposing sulfuric acid When titanium dioxide is used, ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate are generated, and the ferric iron is reduced to divalent iron with iron wire. The by-product ferrous sulfate can be obtained by freezing crystallization;

3. Dissolve 200 parts of industrial ferrous sulfate with 400 parts of distilled water at 70-80°C, add a small amount of silver sulfate to the hot solution, and boil with steam. to remove Cl-. Cool the solution with qualified Cl- content, adjust pH=5~6, and pass hydrogen sulfide to make the Zn2+, Cu2+ and other ion contents qualified. Then filter, the filtrate must be clear. Pour steam into the filtrate and boil for 1 hour. After the precipitation is complete, filter. Use chemically pure sulfuric acid to adjust the pH of the filtrate to 1~2. Evaporate and concentrate to 38~40°C. Filter while it is hot. Use chemically pure sulfuric acid to adjust the filtrate to pH= 1. Cool and crystallize, spin dry, and bake below 60°C until it does not stick to a spoon. The finished product must be sealed and protected from light, and organic matter is strictly prohibited from being mixed in. The mother liquor can be recycled;

4. Ferrous sulfate can be obtained by dissolving metallic iron in dilute sulfuric acid. First treat the iron wire or iron filings with sodium hydroxide solution to remove oil stains, wash them with water, put them into a 15% to 20% sulfuric acid solution, and heat them to dissolve them until the undissolved residue is no longer dissolved. The solution is filtered and transferred to a flask, and acidified with sulfuric acid until Congo red becomes acidic. After cooling, add hydrogen sulfide to reach saturation, plug the bottle tightly, and let it stand for 2 to 3 days. Then place the flask on a water bath to heat and filter to remove carbon, carbide, and sulfide precipitates. Transfer the filtrate to a Fusze distilling flask, and evaporate and concentrate the solution to half of its original volume while introducing oxygen-free CO2. Let the solution stand overnight in CO2 gas to precipitate ferrous sulfate crystals. [1]

Laboratory preparation method

1. It can be directly produced by reacting iron powder with dilute sulfuric acid. Fe+H2SO4 (dilute) = H2↑+FeSO4

2. It can be obtained by reacting copper sulfate solution with iron. The reaction equation is: CuSO4+Fe=FeSO4+Cu (this reaction type is a displacement reaction) [ 5]

Toxicology information

Health hazards: Irritating to the respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause coughing and shortness of breath. Irritating to eyes, skin and mucous membranes. Mistaken use can cause weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, bloody stools, lung and liver damage, shock, coma, etc. Severe cases can lead to death.

Environmental hazards: It is harmful to the environment and can cause pollution to water bodies.

Flame and explosion hazard: This product is non-flammable and irritating.

Toxicological data (LD50): (mouse, oral) 1520 mg/kg. [6]

Safety terms

S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately.（show the label whenever possible.）

In the event of an accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label if possible).

S16 Keep away from sources of ignition.

Keep away from sources of fire.

S26 In case of contact with eyes, please immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

After accidental contact with eyes, please rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

S61 Avoid release to the environment.

Refer to special instructions/safety data sheets.

Avoid releasing into the environment. Refer to Special Instructions/Safety Data Sheet. [1]

Risk terms

R25Toxicifswallowed.

Toxic if swallowed.

R23/24/25 Toxicbyinhalation, incontactwithskinandifswallowed.

Toxic if inhaled, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R52/53 Harmful toaquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Harmful to aquatic life and may have long-term adverse effects on the water environment. [1]

Safety measures

First aid measures

Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of running water.

Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or saline. Seek medical attention.

Inhalation: Leave the scene quickly to fresh air. Keep your airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water and give milk or egg white. Seek medical attention. [6]

Firefighting measures

Hazardous combustion products: sulfur oxides.

Fire-fighting methods: Firefighters must wear full-body fire-proof and anti-virus clothing and put out fires in the upwind direction. When extinguishing a fire, move the container from the fire scene to an open area as much as possible. Then choose the appropriate fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire according to the cause of the fire. [6

Ferous sulfate and humic acid have different effects.

How to use ferrous sulfate fertilizer: humic acid integration, or use citric acid and ferrous sulfate solution

Ferous sulfate is generally suitable for flowers that like acidic soil. The yellowing of the leaves of these flowers is caused by weakened soil acidity. The use of ferrous sulfate fertilizer is a favorite among Chinese florists, but this fertilizer has long been eliminated in the maintenance of potted plants. Although ferrous sulfate is widely used, every flower lover is not very clear about how to use ferrous sulfate. Next, let’s take a look at how to use ferrous sulfate~

How to use ferrous sulfate fertilizer:

Ferous sulfate is originally a white powder. The blue ferrous sulfate we often see contains crystal water. Industrial ferrous sulfate is sometimes green with yellow spots because it is impure.

Ferous sulfate aqueous solution is extremely unstable. After ferrous sulfate dissolves, the ferrous ions turn into ferric ions almost instantly and cannot be absorbed by plants. These ferric iron ions are further oxidized into rust precipitates. Put some ferrous sulfate solution into a clear plastic bottle and place it in a patch of soil. You'll notice the bottle is rusting right away. The same reaction occurs when you pour a solution of ferrous sulfate into the soil, but it happens much faster. These ferric iron ions and rust not only cannot be absorbed by plants, but also cause plant iron poisoning. Ferrous sulfate has been used for hundreds of years. Because of instability, growing southern flowers in the north has always been a dream. Both plum blossoms and winter jasmine potted plants had to be brought from the south. Even in the flower cellar of the Tianjin Municipal Government, the azaleas are maintained by landslides in the Xishan Mountains of Beijing, and their life span will not exceed 3 years.

How to improve the stability of ferrous ions

There are many methods, but there are two commonly used methods:

1. Humic acid integration: the first invention The person who used this method was a flower farmer in Yanling, Henan, who had matured in the mid-1960s. This is the famous alum fertilizer water. This is an epoch-making invention. Using this technology, Yanling flower farmers successfully planted citrus, camellia, jasmine and azalea in the north for the first time, which can only be grown in the south. It is precisely because of this invention that flowers from the south really crossed the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and went to the whole country.

One way to use organic fertilizer and ferrous sulfate to make acid fertilizer is: the ratio of ferrous sulfate to organic fertilizer raw materials is 1:5. Break down the stock into medium or well-done. This is the most important step. Then add ferrous sulfate. If ferrous sulfate and organic fertilizer raw materials are mixed and fermented from the beginning, the ferrous ions of ferrous sulfate will become ineffective because there is no humic acid. Whether to make solid acidic organic fertilizer or alum fertilizer water depends on how much water is added when the organic raw materials are decomposed.

2. Use citric acid ferrous sulfate solution: Dissolve ferrous sulfate in citric acid solution. The ferrous ions in ferrous sulfate will combine with citric acid to form ferrous citrate. Since ferrous citrate is an organic acid salt, its degree of dissociation is very low. It exists mostly in a molecular state in solution. Therefore, the stability of ferrous ions is greatly improved. Furthermore, citric acid is the transporter of all metal ions in plants. Citrate is directly absorbed by plants.

The specific method is: first prepare a 0.05{bf} citric acid solution. Add 25 grams of citric acid to 50 kilograms of water. After dissolving, add 125 grams of ferrous sulfate and stir thoroughly. This yields a solution of 0.25{bf}ferrous sulfate 0.05{bf}citric acid. This solution is best suited for foliar spraying. The plant absorbs quickly and does not cause burns. If 50g of urea is added to form a compound iron fertilizer of 0.25{bf}ferrous sulfate 0.05}bf}citric acid 0.1{bf}urea, the effect will be doubled. If used for irrigation, the dosage of ferrous sulfate can be increased to 0.5-1{bf} depending on the plant. The dosage of citric acid should also be increased accordingly.

It is worth noting that citric acid is dissolved in water first, and then ferrous sulfate is added. Citric acid is sold in chemical raw material stores, food stores and the condiment counters of supermarkets. If something is wrong, please correct it.

Humic acid is a macromolecular organic substance widely found in nature. It is widely used in various fields such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, petroleum, chemical industry, building materials, medicine and health, and environmental protection. Especially now that ecological agriculture construction, pollution-free agricultural production, green food, pollution-free environmental protection, etc. are promoted, humic acid is highly praised.

Chinese name

Humic acid[1]

Foreign name

Humic acid

CAS registration number< /p>

1415-93-6[1]

EINECS registration number

215-809-6[1]

Basic information

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Chinese name: Humic acid

English name: Humic acid

CAS number: 1415-93-6

EINECS number: 215-809 -6

Formation and description

Humic acid is caused and accumulated through the decomposition and transformation of animal and plant remains (mainly plant remains) by microorganisms and a series of geochemical processes. A type of organic substance. Its total amount is staggeringly large, in the trillions of tons. There are traces of it in rivers, lakes, seas, soil, coal mines, and most of the earth's surface. Due to its widespread existence, it has a great impact on the earth, involving carbon cycle, mineral migration and accumulation, soil fertility, ecological balance, etc. The total amount of humic acid contained in soil is the largest, but the content in it is less than one percent on average. The total amount contained in brackish water is also not small, but the concentration is lower. The most promising humic acid resources for development and utilization are coals with low calorific value, such as peat, lignite and weathered coal. Among them, the humic acid content reaches 10-80%. my country's coal reserves are very rich. According to data, there are 5 billion tons of peat and 126.5 billion tons of lignite. There are no statistical data on weathered coal. In this sense, the production and application of humic acid can also be said to be an aspect of coal chemical industry.

The basic structure of humic acid macromolecules is an aromatic ring and an alicyclic ring, with functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinone, and methoxy groups attached to the ring.

Industry Status

China is rich in humic acid resources, with large reserves, wide distribution and good grade. As an organic raw material, it is widely used in various fields such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, petroleum, chemical industry, building materials, medicine, health, and environmental protection. In terms of comprehensive utilization of humic acid, although it started late, its technical level is not lagging behind in the world. There are more than 100 universities and research institutes in China engaged in the scientific research of humic acid, and they have achieved numerous scientific research results, and some technical products have reached the international leading level. Such as HA organic fertilizer, FA drought-resistant agent, SPNH high-temperature and high-pressure fluid loss agent, HA multi-functional pollution-free water treatment agent and environmentally friendly products, etc. These varieties mainly include fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary drugs, drought-resistant agents, feed additives; medicines, health products, cosmetics; petroleum additives, industrial water treatment agents, coal-water slurry stabilizers, battery expansion agents, ceramic additives, ink additives, etc. The varieties basically constitute a complete system of humic acid products in China.

Main producing areas

In recent years, China’s Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Guangdong, Fujian, Henan, Hebei and other provinces and cities have increasingly exported humic acid series products abroad, such as humic acid Sodium, potassium humate, nitrohumic acid, granular HA SPNH high temperature and high pressure fluid loss agent, FA drought resistance agent, organic compound fertilizer, peat nutrient soil, etc.

Survival status

Humus The substance is produced by the degradation of dead biological substances, such as lignin, by microorganisms and is difficult to be further degraded. Its specific properties and structure depend on the specific conditions under which a given sample is extracted from a water or soil source. However, although the sources of humus are different, the properties are very similar. Humic substances can be divided into three main parts in soil and sediments: humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin (HM). Among them, HA is soluble in alkali, but insoluble in water and acid; FA is soluble in alkali, water and acid; and HM is soluble in dilute alkali, but insoluble in water and acid. It can clutch with metal ions in the water, which is beneficial to the transfer of nutrients to crops, and can improve the soil structure and facilitate the growth of crops. It has the functions of exchange, adsorption, complexation, and chelation with metal ions; as a polyelectrolyte in the dispersed system, it has the functions of coagulation, peptization, and dispersion. There are also a certain number of free radicals on humic acid molecules, which have physiological activity.

Research and Application

It has been 214 years since humic acid was first obtained from soil in 1786. It was soil scientists who first paid attention to and studied humic acid. If we take "Wujin San" compiled in "Compendium of Materia Medica" by Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist from the Ming Dynasty, China's "Medicine Saint", as an example, humic acid has been used for more than 400 years, which fully illustrates the importance of humic acid. Ancient history.

Organized research on humic acid in China began in the late 1950s, mainly from the utilization of peat. In the 1960s and 1970s, a craze for the use of humic acid fertilizers and soil improvement was launched across the country. The State Council issued Guofa No. 110 and 200 twice in 1974 and 1979 to comprehensively promote the comprehensive development and development of humic acid in China. use. In 1987, the State Economic and Trade Commission approved the establishment of the "China Humic Acid Industry Association", which is responsible for unified organization and coordination of humic acid work across the country. In 2013, the China Humic Acid Industry Association registered the "humic acid" industry product trademark. This exemplary behavior will surely encourage and mobilize more companies to follow suit, thus helping to promote the development and progress of the entire humic acid industry.

In terms of the use of bioengineering, we have further screened excellent bacterial strains, accelerated the development of directional bacterial strains, and research and development of biochemical humic acid or biochemical fulvic acid products are also booming.

The Chinese government is determined to manage the ecological environment and improve people's production and lifestyle, which provides a big stage for the development and application of humic acid. Because humic acid has special functions, it will play its unique role in preventing and controlling desertification, improving soil, urban sewage treatment, ecological agriculture construction, producing green and organic products, and developing medicines and health care products.

Preparation method

Coal can be artificially oxidized (such as treated with air, ozone or nitric acid) to form regenerated humic acid. For example, the product obtained by mild oxidation of coal with nitric acid is called nitro. Humic acid. The extraction method is to first treat with acid to remove some minerals, then extract with dilute alkali solution, and acidify the extract to obtain humic acid precipitation.

According to the solubility of humic acid in the solvent, it can be divided into three components:

1. The part soluble in acetone or ethanol is called humic acid;

2. The part that is insoluble in acetone is called fulvic acid;

3. The part that is soluble in water or dilute acid is called fulvic acid (also known as fulvic acid).

The basic structure of humic acid macromolecules is an aromatic ring and an alicyclic ring, with functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinone, and methoxy groups attached to the ring. It has the functions of exchange, adsorption, complexation, and chelation with metal ions; as a polyelectrolyte in the dispersed system, it has the functions of coagulation, peptization, and dispersion. There are also a certain number of free radicals on humic acid molecules, which have physiological activity.

Storage method

Package in clean and dry 200kg galvanized iron drum. This product is highly hygroscopic, so the container must be sealed and stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse to avoid exposure to the sun, rain, and open flames. Severe collisions should be avoided during transportation to prevent damage. The storage guarantee period is one year.