Lycra = spandex elastic fabric

Polyester is a relatively broad term, generally used to refer to polyester, which is the chemical name of polyester

Polyester definition:

Nylon is the Chinese name for the synthetic fiber nylon. The translated name is also called "nylon" and "nylon", and its scientific name is polyamide

fibre, which is polyamide fiber. Since Jinzhou Chemical Fiber Factory is the first factory in my country to synthesize polyamide fiber, it is named "nylon".

It is the earliest synthetic fiber variety in the world. It has been widely used due to its excellent performance and abundant raw material resources.

Performances of nylon:

Strong and wear-resistant, ranking first among all fibers. Its wear resistance is 10 times that of cotton fiber, 10 times that of dry viscose fiber, and 140 times that of wet fiber. Therefore, its durability is excellent.

Nylon fabric has excellent elasticity and elastic recovery, but it is easy to deform under small external force, so the fabric is easy to wrinkle during wearing.

Poor ventilation and air permeability, easy to generate static electricity.

The hygroscopicity of nylon fabric is better than that of synthetic fiber fabrics, so clothing made of nylon is more comfortable to wear than polyester clothing.

It has good moth resistance and corrosion resistance.

The heat resistance and light resistance are not good enough, so the ironing temperature should be controlled below 140℃. During wearing and use, you must pay attention to the washing and maintenance conditions to avoid damaging the fabric.

Nylon fabric is a light fabric and is only listed after polypropylene and acrylic fabrics among synthetic fabrics. Therefore, it is suitable for making mountaineering clothing, winter clothing, etc.

Major categories of nylon:

Nylon fiber fabrics can be divided into three categories: pure spinning, blended spinning and interwoven fabrics, and each category contains many varieties.

1.

Nylon pure woven fabrics

Various fabrics woven from nylon filaments, such as nylon taffeta, nylon crepe, etc. Because it is woven with nylon filament, it has the characteristics of smooth feel, strong durability and affordable price. It also has the disadvantage that the fabric is easy to wrinkle and difficult to recover. Nylon taffeta is mostly used to make lightweight clothing, down jackets or raincoat fabrics, while nylon crepe is suitable for summer dresses, spring and autumn shirts, etc.

2. Nylon blends and interwoven fabrics

Fabrics obtained by blending or interweaving nylon filaments or short fibers with other fibers have the characteristics and strengths of each fiber. For example, viscose/nylon gabardine is made from a blended yarn of 15% nylon and 85% viscose. The warp density is twice as much as the weft density. The fabric is thick, tough and durable. The disadvantage is that it has poor elasticity and is easy to wrinkle. The wet strength decreases and tends to sag when worn. In addition, there are also varieties such as sticky/jinfanliding, sticky/brocade/wool tweed, etc., which are some commonly used fabrics.

Polyester

Definition of polyester:

Polyester is an important variety of synthetic fibers and is the trade name of polyester fiber in my country. It is a fiber-forming polymer made from purified terephthalic acid (PTA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (EG) through esterification or transesterification and polycondensation reaction. —Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a fiber made by spinning and post-processing.

Performances of polyester:

High strength. The strength of short fiber is 2.6~5.7cN/dtex, and the strength of high-strength fiber is 5.6~8.0cN/dtex. Due to its low hygroscopicity, its wet strength is basically the same as its dry strength. The impact resistance is 4 times higher than nylon and 20 times higher than viscose fiber.

Good elasticity. The elasticity is close to that of wool, and it can almost completely recover when stretched for 5 to 6 months. The wrinkle resistance is better than other fibers, that is, the fabric does not wrinkle and has good dimensional stability. The elastic modulus is 22~141cN/dtex, which is 2~3 times higher than nylon.

Good water absorption.

Good wear resistance. The wear resistance is second only to nylon, which has the best wear resistance, and is better than other natural fibers and synthetic fibers.

Good light resistance.

Lightfastness is second only to acrylic.

Corrosion resistant. Resistant to bleach, oxidants, hydrocarbons, ketones, petroleum products and inorganic acids. Resistant to dilute alkali and not afraid of mold, but hot alkali can cause it to decompose.

Poor stainability.

Polyester fabric has poor hygroscopicity and feels stuffy when worn. It is also easily charged with static electricity and contaminated with dust, affecting its appearance and comfort. However, it dries very easily after washing, has almost no drop in wet strength, does not deform, and has good washable and wearable properties.

Polyester is the most heat-resistant fabric among synthetic fabrics, with a melting point of 260°C and an ironing temperature of 180°C. It is thermoplastic and can be made into pleated skirts with long-lasting pleats. At the same time, polyester fabric has poor melt resistance and can easily form holes when exposed to soot, sparks, etc. Therefore, you should try to avoid contact with cigarette butts, sparks, etc. when wearing it.

Polyester fabrics have better light resistance. In addition to being worse than acrylic, their light resistance is better than natural fiber fabrics. Especially the light resistance behind glass is very good, almost as good as acrylic.

Polyester fabric has good resistance to various chemicals. Acids and alkali are not very damaging to it, and they are not afraid of mold or insects.

Polyester fabric has good wrinkle resistance and shape retention, so it is suitable for outerwear.

Major categories of polyester:

Major categories of polyester include short fiber, drawn yarn, textured yarn, decorative filament, industrial filament and various differentiated yarns. fiber.

Variety of polyester staple fiber:

Divided according to physical properties: high strength and low elongation type, medium strength and medium elongation type, low strength and medium elongation type, high modulus type, high strength and high modulus type Weight type

Divided according to post-processing requirements: cotton type, wool type, linen type, silk type Divided according to use: clothing, wadding, decoration, industrial use

By function Distinguishing: cationic dyeable, hygroscopic, flame retardant, colored, anti-pilling, antistatic. Distinguished by fiber cross section: special-shaped yarn, hollow yarn

Variety of polyester filament:

1 .

Spinning yarn: undrawn yarn (conventional spinning) (UDY), semi-preoriented yarn (medium-speed spinning) (MOY), pre-oriented yarn (high-speed spinning) (POY), Highly oriented yarn (ultra-high speed spinning) (HOY)

2.

Drawed yarn: drawn yarn (low-speed drawn yarn) (DY), fully drawn yarn ( One-step spinning and drawing method) (FDY), full yarn taking (one-step spinning method) (FOY)

3.

Textured yarn: conventional textured yarn (DY), drawn yarn Stretch textured yarn (DTY), air textured yarn (ATY)

Modification of polyester:

There are many types of polyester fiber fabrics. In addition to weaving pure polyester fabrics, there are also Many products blended or interwoven with various textile fibers make up for the shortcomings of pure polyester fabrics and provide better wear performance. At present, polyester fabrics are developing in the direction of natural synthetic fibers such as wool-like, silk-like, linen-like, and deerskin-like fabrics.

1. Polyester imitation silk fabric

Polyester fabric with a silk appearance style is woven from round, special-shaped cross-section polyester filament or short fiber yarn. It has the advantages of low price, anti-wrinkle and no ironing, and is very popular among consumers. Welcome. Common varieties include: polyester silk, polyester crepe, polyester satin, polyester georgette, polyester interwoven silk, etc. These varieties have the elegant drape, smoothness, softness and pleasingness of silk fabrics, and at the same time, they have the stiffness, wear resistance, easy washing and ironing-free properties of polyester fabrics. The only drawback is that these fabrics have poor moisture absorption and breathability and are not very cool to wear. In order to overcome this shortcoming, more new polyester fabrics have been introduced, such as highly hygroscopic polyester fabrics.

2． Polyester wool-like fabric

It is made of polyester filaments such as polyester elastic yarn, polyester network yarn or various special-shaped cross-section polyester yarns, or medium-length polyester short fiber and medium-length viscose or medium-length polyester fiber. Woolen-style fabrics woven from long acrylic blended yarn are called worsted wool-like fabrics and medium-length wool-like fabrics, and their prices are lower than similar wool fabric products.

It not only has the characteristics of wool, which is plump and fluffy, but also has good elasticity. It also has the characteristics of polyester, which is strong and durable, easy to wash and dry quickly, flat and crisp, not easy to deform, not easy to fluff, and not easy to pilling. Common varieties include: polyester elastic serge, polyester elastic gabardine, polyester elastic tweed, polyester network silk wool fabric, polyester viscose mid-length tweed, polyester nitrile hidden tweed, etc.

3. Polyester linen-like fabric

is one of the most popular clothing materials in the international clothing market. It is made of polyester or polyester/viscose strong twisted yarn and is woven into plain or raised weave fabrics. It has the dry feel and appearance of linen fabric. . For example, thin imitation linen molike not only has a rough appearance and a dry feel, but is also comfortable and cool to wear. Therefore, it is very suitable for the production of summer shirts and skirts.

4． Polyester imitation deerskin fabric

is one of the new polyester fabrics. It uses fine or ultra-fine denier polyester fiber as raw material and is specially processed to form a polyester suede fabric with fine short pile on the fabric base fabric. It is called imitation deerskin fabric, and generally uses non-woven fabrics, woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics as base fabrics. It has the characteristics of soft texture, fine, plump and elastic velvet, rich hand feel, and strong and durable style. There are three common types: artificial high-grade deerskin, artificial high-quality deerskin and artificial ordinary deerskin. Suitable for women's clothing, high-end dresses, jackets, suit tops, etc.

Definition of acrylic fiber:

Acrylic fiber is the name of polyacrylonitrile fiber in my country. The American DuPont Company is called Orlon, which is transliterated as Orlon. This fiber is light, warm and soft to the touch, and is known as "synthetic wool".

Performance of acrylic fiber:

Acrylic fiber is known as synthetic wool, and its elasticity and bulkiness are similar to natural wool. Therefore, the warmth retention of its fabrics is not inferior to wool fabrics, and is even about 15% higher than similar wool fabrics.

Acrylic fabrics are brightly dyed and have the best light resistance among all fiber fabrics. But its wear resistance is the worst among various synthetic fiber fabrics. Therefore, acrylic fabric is suitable for outdoor clothing, swimwear and children's clothing.

Acrylic fabric has poor hygroscopicity, is easy to stain, and feels stuffy when worn, but its dimensional stability is good.

Acrylic fabric has good heat resistance, ranking second among synthetic fibers, and is resistant to acids, oxidants and organic solvents, and is relatively sensitive to the action of alkali.

Acrylic fabric is a lighter fabric among synthetic fiber fabrics, second only to polypropylene, so it is a good lightweight clothing material, such as mountaineering clothing, winter warm clothing, etc.

Variety of acrylic fiber:

1.

Acrylic pure woven fabric

Made of 100% acrylic fiber. For example, women's worsted acrylic fabrics processed with 100 wool type acrylic fiber have loose structure characteristics, bright colors, soft and elastic feel, and neither loose nor rotten texture. They are suitable for making mid-to-low-end women's clothing. Using 100% acrylic bulked yarn as raw material, acrylic bulked coats with plain or twill weave can be made. It has the characteristics of a wool-type fabric with a plump feel, warmth and ease, and is suitable for making spring, autumn and winter coats, casual clothes, etc.

2． Acrylic blended fabric

Refers to fabrics blended with woolen or mid-length acrylic and viscose or polyester. Including nitrile/viscous gabardine, nitrile/viscous tweed, nitrile/polyester tweed, etc. Nitrile/viscose gabardine, also known as Oriental gabardine, is a blend of 50% nitrile and 50% viscose. It has a thick and tight body, strong and durable, and a smooth, soft, wooly gabardine-like surface. However, it has poor elasticity and is easy to Wrinkled, suitable for making inexpensive trousers. Nitrile/viscose women's tweed is made of a blend of 85% acrylic and 15% viscose. It is mostly woven in crepe tissue. The surface is slightly fluffy, the color is bright, the body is light, the durability is good, and the resilience is poor. It is suitable for outerwear. Nitrile/polyester tweed is a blend of 40% nitrile and 60% polyester. Because it is mostly processed with plain and twill weaves, it has the characteristics of a flat appearance, strong and easy to iron, but its disadvantage is poor comfort, so it is versatile Production of mid-range clothing such as outerwear and suits.

Modification of acrylic fiber:

Fine-denier acrylic fiber is spun from a microporous spinneret made by high-tech means.

Fine-denier acrylic fiber can be spun into high-count yarns. The resulting textiles feel smooth, soft, delicate, and soft in color. They also have fine, thin, silky, good drape and anti-pilling properties. They are cashmere-like, imitation-cashmere, and imitation-cashmere. One of the main raw materials of silk, it is in line with the new trend of clothing in the world today.

Cashmere-like acrylic fiber comes in two types: short fiber and top. It has the smooth, soft and elastic feel of natural cashmere, good warmth retention and breathability, and has excellent dyeing properties of acrylic fiber, making acrylic cashmere products more bright, beautiful, delicate and smooth, suitable for light and thin clothing, cheap and good quality .

There are two main online dyeing methods for polyacrylonitrile fiber: solution dyeing and gel dyeing. Among them, gel dyeing fiber is to dye the primary fiber that is still in the gel state during the wet spinning process of acrylic fiber. The dyes used are mainly cationic dyes. As a large-volume and wide-ranging product, gel-dyed fiber has the advantages of saving dye, short process and dyeing time, low energy consumption, and low labor intensity compared with traditional printing and dyeing processes.

Special-shaped fibers are made by using special-shaped spinneret holes and changing process conditions. The fiber style is unique, the simulation effect is good, and the product quality is improved. Special-shaped acrylic fiber with a flat cross-section is referred to as flat acrylic fiber. Flat acrylic fiber is similar to animal hair. It has characteristics in terms of gloss, elasticity, pilling resistance, fluffiness and feel, and can have a unique effect of simulated animal skin.

Antibacterial and moisture-conducting acrylic fiber is made of high-tech Chitosante activator. The fabric made has antibacterial, anti-mildew, deodorizing, skin care, moisture absorption, softness, antistatic, fullness, anti-wrinkle and other functions. . Because Chitosante is permanently bonded to fibers through adsorption, penetration, fixation, and linking, it does not require resin bonding and has excellent water resistance. After testing, the fabric can still maintain excellent antibacterial ability after being washed 50 times with strong water. It has no side effects of polluting the environment and human body, and creates a functional clothing effect that is natural, fresh, clean, hygienic, healthy and comfortable. It is a new generation acrylic fiber product with multiple functions.

Antistatic acrylic fiber can improve the conductive properties of the fiber, which is beneficial to post-textile processing. Antistatic fiber can improve the pilling, staining and skin adhesion of fabrics. It has no adverse side effects on the human body.

Polyester

It has a strong silk-like feel and bright luster, but is not soft enough. It has a glittering effect, feels smooth, flat and has good elasticity. There are no obvious creases when you pinch the silk surface tightly with your hands and then release it. After the warp and weft are stained with water, they are not easy to tear.