On March 16, 2017, several farmers selected agricultural machinery at the Heilongjiang Automobile and Agricultural Machinery Market. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Jianwei

Using greener and more efficient production to provide agricultural products that can better meet consumer demand while allowing producers and operators to obtain more stable profits is the key to the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. The meaning of the title.

From the adjustment of planting structure to the innovation of production and management methods, Xinhua News Agency reporters recently went to fields to conduct interviews and recorded the new atmosphere of agricultural reform this spring.

Heilongjiang Yanshou: Reduced rice production and increased quality in Northeast China are more welcome in the market

As the temperature rises, the black soil in Northeast China has become soft and moderate in mid-April. 51-year-old Zhang Jingguo has prepared seedlings and fertilizer and will start work in the fields in a few days.

He is a large grain farmer in Dong'an Village, Liutuan Town, Yanshou County, Harbin City, with nearly 200 acres of paddy fields. Zhang Jingguo has been growing rice for many years. This year he plans to try a new variety called "916 Daohuaxiang".

On March 17, 2017, in the first management area of ??Longmen Farm in Heilongjiang Reclamation District, a high-horsepower locomotive was performing snow melting and moisture removal operations. Published by Xinhua News Agency (photo by Lu Wenxiang)

Heilongjiang is the largest commercial grain producing area in my country. Due to its good taste and strong aroma, Northeast rice has always been in short supply in the market. Zhang Jingguo's vision is more long-term. He wants to take a path that does not focus on output but on efficiency by updating varieties.

“This is a late-maturing variety with a yield of 800 kilograms per mu. Although the yield is 200 kilograms less than that of the early-maturing varieties, the rice tastes good and the market price per kilogram is 50 cents higher.” Zhang Jingguo said that only when the rice is well planted Only by using the market card can you calculate the revenue increase.

Reducing low-end supply and expanding mid- to high-end supply is an important part of the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. This year’s Central Government Document No. 1 proposed that food crops should stabilize the production of rice and wheat, ensure absolute food safety, and focus on the development of high-quality rice and wheat with strong and weak gluten. Zhang Jingguo made a new choice based on the guidance of this policy.

Yixian County, Anhui: Tea industry expands value chain

Spring Tea Green Flag Exhibition. April is the new tea season here. Wang Dongqin, a villager in Miaolin Village, Meixi Township, is busy in the tea garden. Her family has 8 acres of tea gardens, 4 acres of which are productive of tea, and the other 3 acres have been planted with new tea seedlings this year, which are higher quality tea varieties.

“In the past, tea from each household was sold on the street and sold to vendors. The price was low and it was difficult to sell.” Wang Dongqin said that since joining the cooperative, technical guidance, fertilization, and green prevention and control have been unified. , unified sales, tea production increased by 10% and unit price increased by 20% compared with the original, and there was no need to worry about sales.

The cooperative where Wang Dongqin works has more than 500 farmers, planting more than 3,000 acres of organic tea. Li Mingzhi, chairman of the cooperative, said that the cooperative’s main varieties have passed the organic tea certification. The agricultural company established by the cooperative is responsible for tea processing, sales, and brand operation. It has registered trademarks and has also cooperated with universities to develop autumn tea varieties.

On March 16, 2017, photographers took photos in a rapeseed field in Hongcun Scenic Area, Yixian County, Anhui Province. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Duan

From tea picking to tea appreciation is a new attempt by this cooperative to expand the value chain of the tea industry in recent years. This year’s Central Government Document No. 1 proposed to vigorously develop the rural leisure tourism industry. Experiential consumption is a new main business of this cooperative. Li Mingzhi said that they have developed farming experience activities such as tea picking, as well as catering and accommodation, which have attracted many tourists. Last year, 20,000 people participated in farming experience activities.

In addition to the tea industry, in Yixian County, grain, oil, vegetable and other industries are also developing integratedly with tourism. Last year, the county's total revenue from leisure agriculture and rural tourism reached 5.9 billion yuan, and it received more than 7 million tourists.

Jinning, Yunnan: The red soil is more green

In mid-April, cucumbers, tomatoes and other vegetables have matured in Jinning County, Yunnan. The picking and basketing were done in one go, and farmer Chen Guizhong was in a "hot" mood like the weather these days.

“The price of vegetables now is good!” Chen Guizhong said that this is due to his joining a cooperative, which allows him to purchase vegetables at a guaranteed minimum price and does not have to worry about sales.

The cooperative that Chen Guizhong joined is a professional cooperative in Jinning County, which mainly grows vegetables. The cooperative signed an agreement with Yunnan Spring International Agriculture Group to produce according to company standards. This company has a cooperative production base of 150,000 acres and a self-owned base of 20,000 acres, with an annual output of more than 400,000 tons of vegetables.

Chen Guizhong, a farmer in Jinning County, Yunnan, is hanging cucumbers from vines. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Jing

The company provides quality standards and sales channels, and the cooperative organizes standardized production to create a production chain that improves vegetable quality. Jin Songqiong, president of a Huan professional cooperative, said that in the past, vegetables were grown using large amounts of water and fertilizer. After the cooperative was established, it promoted a green planting model and strictly controlled the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

“It was only after training at the cooperative that I realized the dangers of excessive use of chemical fertilizers.” Chen Guizhong said that in the past, it was difficult to control the amount of chemical fertilizers used when growing vegetables. In order to increase production, too much chemical fertilizers were often applied, and the vegetable leaves were often “burned.” ”, which in the long run also leads to soil compaction.

Now he is applying more organic fertilizer. Although the cost per acre has increased by several hundred yuan, two crops can be grown with one application. The actual cost has not increased much, but the quality has been greatly improved, and the selling price has also increased accordingly. Much higher.

This year’s Central Government Document No. 1 proposed to further promote the zero-growth action for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Nowadays, many vegetable growing areas like Jinning are undergoing a new green revolution.

Lianjiang, Guangdong: Rising labor costs are causing difficulties for large grain growers

At present, the early rice seedlings in Jiweitou Village, Yingzai Town, Lianjiang City, Zhanjiang City have become green and strong, full of vitality .

68-year-old villager Sun Su once won the title of National Large Grain Farmer. He began contracting land to grow grain in 1996, which increased from 20 acres that year to more than 200 acres in 2003 and 350 acres in 2006. Since then, it has gradually decreased, to 320 acres this year.

Why don’t you plant so many? He said he is getting older and the cost of hiring people is getting higher and higher. Lao Sun did some calculations: the cost of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labor, etc. for one acre of rice is 850 to 900 yuan. About 750 kilograms of rice are harvested. Early rice sells for 1.35 yuan per kilogram, and late rice sells for 1.38 yuan. One acre earns 150 yuan. 200 yuan. Planting two seasons a year, 300 acres of land can earn about 50,000 to 60,000 yuan a year.

Lao Sun said that it is becoming increasingly difficult to hire manpower, so this year he chose to plant rice by direct seeding. In this way, one person can sow five or six acres a day. If rice is transplanted manually, one person can only plant rice every day. Can cultivate 8 points of land.

When the harvest season comes, he has to hire more than 20 people, and seven or eight people when drying the millet. It is not easy to hire a person for 100 yuan a day, especially when planting late rice in June, the price of hiring people is very high. Even if you are given 120 yuan a day, it still depends on whether they give you face or not.

Who are most of the people invited? Lao Sun said that most of them are women over 60 years old. If they are over 70 years old, he would not dare to hire them for fear of health problems. The land transfer contract between Sun Su and the villagers expires in one year. After that, he said that he would decide whether to continue planting based on his physical condition.

The difficulty of hiring people is a common phenomenon in the local area. At present, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvesting in the country exceeds 65%, and agricultural machinery has become the protagonist of spring plowing in many places. But here, we are still in the process of transitioning from manual to mechanized.

This year’s Central Government Document No. 1 proposed to improve the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery and increase subsidies for machinery and equipment required for the full mechanization of crop production, including grain.