Industrial salt Industrial salt is also called "sodium chloride". It is widely used in industry and is one of the most basic raw materials in the chemical industry. It is called the "mother of the chemical industry". Among the main products of the basic chemical industry, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, soda ash, ammonium chloride, chlorine, etc. are mainly produced using industrial salt as raw materials. Large amounts of sodium chloride are required in the organic synthesis industry. In addition, it is also used in soap manufacturing, ceramics, glass production, daily chemicals, oil drilling, drilling fluids, completion fluids, petrochemical dehydration fluids, early strength agents in the construction industry, coagulants in the production of coatings, and latex coagulants in the rubber industry. , paper industry additives and waste paper deinking, inorganic chemical raw materials and sulfate removal agents in the chemical industry, sodium alginate coagulant, prevention and control of rot in wheat, apples, cabbage, etc. and food preservatives, preparation of metallic sodium and others Sodium compounds, steel heat treatment media, etc. Salt is also widely used in water treatment, road snow removal, refrigeration and refrigeration, etc.
Basic introduction to industrial salt
The term “industrial salt” for refined industrial salt is unscientific. Before the industrialization era, what people called salt specifically referred to the table salt used for seasoning in daily life, rather than the "salt" in chemical science today. However, in real life, a considerable number of people are not very educated and cannot distinguish the essential difference between "table salt" in daily life and "salt" in chemistry. As a result, there have been many cases of accidental consumption of toxic salts and mass poisoning. event.
The salt in daily life refers to the processing and extraction from seawater, salt ponds, salt wells and salt mines. Its main component is sodium chloride (NaCl
). They are called sea salt, pool salt, well salt and rock salt respectively. In the past and future, humans have relied on these types of salts to absorb our necessary inorganic salts.
With the development of the chemical industry and chemical science, the meaning of the word "salt" has been greatly expanded. As mentioned in middle school chemistry textbooks, "salt" refers to a compound composed of "metal ions" (including ammonium ions) and acid ions. They are of various types, with different properties, different appearances, and very different uses.
Due to the importance and high profits of salt, successive governments have adopted exclusive policies on salt, so there is a distinction between "official salt" and "private salt". In recent years, due to nutritional and hygienic requirements, a small amount of nutrients such as potassium iodide (
KI
) has been added during the processing of raw salt into refined salt, resulting in " The difference between "qualified" and "unqualified" salt. The formulations of these types of salt are all differences in policy management, but there is no substantial difference in the composition of "salt". "Illegal salt" and "substandard salt" without added potassium iodide, although illegal, will not kill you. There is no difference between "real salt" and "fake salt". Their main ingredient is sodium chloride.
In the chemical industry, a large amount of raw salt and processed salt are used as raw materials to produce chemical products such as chlorine, bleaching powder, caustic soda and soda ash. The main components of salt are chlorine and sodium. The "salt" used for food and the "salt" used in industry have the same chemical composition, but they have different uses. Because raw salt is a product of nature, refined salt is also obtained by simple processing of raw salt. In addition to the main component sodium chloride, it also contains a variety of impurities. Therefore, it cannot be called sodium chloride, but by convention only one word "salt" is used. , specifically refers to products with sodium chloride as the main component, such as raw salt, sea salt, well salt, rock salt, iodized salt, non-iodized salt, refined salt, large salt, crushed salt, washed salt, etc. If it is a salt with other chemical components, be sure to name its specific trade name or chemical name, such as soda ash, baking soda, red vitriol, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, etc. It must not be general. It's called "industrial salt".
I don’t know when the name “industrial salt” appeared. My analysis is that it is derived from the concept of salt specialization. From the program on May 9, we saw that old salt industry bases like Zigong City also call the refined salt they produce "industrial salt." This statement has two negative effects. First, as said on TV, "industrial salt" is sulfate and nitrate. The other kind is more harmful, it leads to the frequent accidental ingestion of toxic salts, causing mass food poisoning. The reason is that cooks in many places, most of whom are migrant workers, think that "industrial salt" and "edible salt" are only qualitatively different. When there is no salt in the kitchen, they take it upon themselves to get something they think is salt. (often sodium nitrite), causing catastrophe. Therefore, the concept of industrial salt must be abandoned, otherwise it will cause endless harm.
Industrial Salt Specification Documents
The provisions in the industrial salt documents become the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated reference documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding corrigenda) or revisions do not apply to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. . For undated referenced documents, the latest edition applies to this standard.
GB/T6682-1992 Analytical laboratory water specifications and test methods (neqISO3696:1987)
GB/T8618-2001 Sampling methods for main products in the salt industry
GB/T13025.3 General test methods for the salt industry - Determination of moisture
GB/T13025.4 General test methods for the salt industry - Determination of water-insoluble matter
GB/T13025.5 General test methods for the salt industry - Determination of chloride ions
GB/T13025.6 General test methods for the salt industry - Determination of calcium and magnesium ions
GB/T13025.8 General test methods for the salt industry Test method Determination of sulfate ions
Classification of industrial salt products
Sun-dried industrial salt cubic crystals or particles composed of multiple cubic crystals are classified into sun-dried industrial salts according to their use. Industrial salt, refined industrial salt.
Molecular formula: NaC1
Molecular weight: 58.44 (according to the 1997 international atomic weight)
Industrial salt chemical indicators
Indicators Sun-dried industrial salt Refined industrial salt
Product name: first grade, first grade, second grade, first grade, second grade industrial salt
Sodium chloride/(%)≥96.0094.5092.0099.1098.5097.50
Moisture/(%) ≤3.004.106.000.300.500.80
Water-insoluble matter/(%) ≤0.200.300.400.050.100.20
Calcium and magnesium ions/ (%)≤0.300.400.600.250.400.60
Sulfate ion/(%)≤0.500.701.000.300.500.90
Industrial salt test method
Solar salt The reagents and water used in the following methods refer to analytically pure reagents and third-grade water specified in GB/T6682-1992 unless the requirements are specified.
(1) Determination of appearance
Visual inspection.
(2) Determination of moisture
According to GB/T13025.3, the moisture measured by the loss on baking method should be added to the residual crystal water in each compound after baking. The calculation method for compounds is as specified in 6.7. The residual crystal water is calculated based on calcium sulfate containing one-half crystal water, magnesium sulfate containing one crystal water, magnesium chloride containing two crystal waters, and sodium chloride containing two crystal waters.
(3) Determination of water-insoluble matter
According to the provisions of GB/T13025.4.
(4) Determination of chloride ions
According to the provisions of GB/T13025.5.
(5) Determination of calcium and magnesium ions
According to GB/T13025.6.
(6) Determination of sulfate ions
According to GB/T13025.8.
(7) Calculation of sodium chloride indicators and inspection of test results
The percentage of individual ions obtained from the above test results is in the order of positive and negative ions listed in Table 2 Combined, the remaining chloride ions calculate the sodium chloride content.
Table 2
Sequence No. 123
Cation Calcium ion (Ca2+) Magnesium ion (Mg2+) Sodium ion (Na+)
Anion Sulfate (SO42+) chloride ion (Cl-)
The compound calculated by the above method is added to water and water-insoluble matter. When the addition result is 99.5% to 100.4%, it can be regarded as the test result. efficient.
Industrial salt inspection rules
Industrial salt products produced at one concert using the same production process and the same resources are considered to be a batch.
All indicators in the test results should meet the requirements of the corresponding level of this standard, otherwise they should be downgraded; if an indicator does not meet the requirements of the lowest level of this standard, a spare sample of the sample should be taken and re-measured. Compliance items; if the inspection results still do not meet the minimum level of this standard, the batch of products will be judged to be unqualified.
Industrial salt should be inspected by the quality inspection department of the production unit or a qualified quality inspection agency entrusted to it. When the product leaves the factory (field), it should be accompanied by a certificate of conformity, indicating the product name, specifications, production unit, Production date, grade and number of this standard.
Industrial Salt Precautions
Industrial Salt Industrial salt can be packaged or in bulk when it leaves the factory (field). Packaged products should be marked with the product name, specifications, trademark, grade, production unit and this standard number on the package. They should be covered during transportation and should not be mixed with goods that may cause product contamination. Products must be stored to prevent contamination from dust and other debris and to prevent rain.
Industrial salt product specifications
1. Solarized industrial salt
Physical and chemical indicators of solarized industrial saltIndustrial salt
Project indicators
p>
Excellent grade one and two
Sodium chloride/%≥96.0094.5092.00
Moisture/%≤3.004.106.00
Water insoluble Material/%≤0.200.300.40
Calcium and magnesium ions/%≤0.300.400.60
Sulfate ions/%≤0.500.501.00
II. Refined industry Salt
Physical and chemical indicators of refined industrial salt
Project indicators
Excellent grade one and two
Sodium chloride/%≥99.1098. 5097.50
Moisture/%≤0.300.500.80
Water-insoluble matter/%≤0.050.100.20
Calcium and magnesium ions/%≤0.250.400.60
Sulfate ion/%≤0.300.500.90
3. Liquid salt
Liquid salt physical and chemical index unit: g/L
Category salt production Using liquid salt to make alkali Liquid salt
Project priority level one, level two, level one, level two
Sodium chloride≥290280260290280260
Sulfate ion ≤—5.010.015.0
Magnesium ion ≤—0.6
Calcium ion ≤—2.0
IV. Snow melting salt
Enterprise standards:
Snowmelt salt physical and chemical index 1 Snowmelt salt physical and chemical index 2
Project indicators Project indicators
Sodium chloride/%≥97.00Sodium chloride/%≥95.50< /p>
Moisture/%≤2.00Moisture/%≤2.00
Water-insoluble matter/%≤0.10 Particle size 5-2
5. Metal sodium salt
Enterprise Standard 1:
Physical and Chemical Index of Metal Sodium 1
Project Index
Excellent Level 1 and Level 2
Chemistry< /p>
Indicator (wet basis) sodium chloride/%≥99.5099.4099.30
Moisture/%≤0.100.150.20
Calcium (calculated as Ca)/%≤ 0.100.100.10
Magnesium (calculated as Mg)/%≤0.020.020.02
Sulfate (calculated as SO42-)/%≤0.020.030.08
Anti-caking agent potassium ferrocyanide/based on [Fe(CN)2]4- (mg/kg) ≤ 10
Enterprise Standard 2:
Physical and Chemical Indexes of Metal Sodium 2
Project indicators
Sodium chloride (calculated as NaCl)/%≥99.8
Moisture/%≤0.05
Magnesium (calculated as NaCl Calcium (calculated as Mg)/%≤0.01
Calcium (calculated as Ca)/%≤0.01
Sulfate (calculated as SO42-)/%≤0.004
Water-insoluble matter/%≤0.05
Barium (calculated as Ba)/%≤0.02
6. Calcium removal washing salt:
Comply with national standard GB5462- 2003
7. Snow melting agent
Physical and chemical indicators of snow melting agent
Serial number project indicators
1. No unpleasant odor< /p>
2. Properties Solid: particle size <10mm
Liquid: homogeneous liquid (no stratification or sediment)
3. Solution color, color Temperature ≤30 degrees, colorless or light color
4. PH value 6.5～9.0
5. Water-insoluble matter ≤5%
6. Moisture content a≤5% (referring to free water)
7. Snow melting ability test ≥ 90% of the snow melting ability of sodium chloride b
8. Dissolution rate a≥dissolution of sodium chloride b Speed
9. Metal carbon steel corrosion test ≤ 50% of sodium chloride b corrosion rate
10. Plant salt tolerance test salt tolerance ≥ 100g/m2c herbaceous plants
11. Toxicology test snow melting agent solution
The acute oral toxicity test of liquid d in mice is an actual non-toxic level
12. The attenuation rate of the anti-slip test is ≤10%
13. The heavy metal content of mercury is ≤0.05mg/kg
p>Cadmium ≤5mg/kg
Chromium ≤50mg/kg
Lead ≤50mg/kg
Arsenic ≤5mg/kg
Note:
a. The items of moisture content and dissolution rate refer to solid snow melting agents, and other items include solid and liquid snow melting agents. bThe sodium chloride used in each test in this standard is industrial crystal.
c. The mass of the snow melting agent applied on the ground (g).
d. The concentration of the solid snow melting agent solution is the mass of the snow melting agent contained in 1 ml of the solution. The concentration of the liquid snow melting agent solution is the mass of the active ingredients of the snow melting agent contained in 1 ml of the snow melting agent. Each test solution in this standard is 0.2 g/ml (including solid and liquid).
8. Salt for water treatment
Enforce corporate standards
9. Bleaching and dyeing salt
Enforce corporate standards
10. Sea crystal
Enforce enterprise standards
Physical and chemical indicators of sea crystal
Project indicators
Acidity and alkalinity (pH value), (30g /L solution)≥6.5～8.4
Dissolved oxygen/(mg/L)≤5.5
Total chlorine/(%)≤50
Water-insoluble matter /(mg/L)≤5.5
Suspended matter/(mg/L)≤15
Industrial salt resources
Classification by raw materials for the production of salt products , can be divided into three categories: sea salt, mine salt and lake salt.
1. Sea Salt Sea Salt
China is the second largest salt-producing country in the world, and its sea salt content ranks first in the world. China's coastline, starting from the mouth of the Yalu River in the north to the mouth of the Beilun River in Guangxi in the south, is more than 18,000 kilometers long and is the main distribution area of ??the sea salt bittern industry. Taking the Yangtze River as the boundary, the salt areas of the five provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong and Jiangsu to the north of the Yangtze River are called the Northern Sea Salt Area; while the salt areas of the five provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan to the south of the Yangtze River are called the Northern Sea Salt Area. Southern Haiyan District. The northern sea salt area is suitable for large-scale production of sea salt due to its better climate and tidal flat conditions, and is the main body of domestic sea salt production. The sun-dried salt production mother liquor is called bittern, which is rich in potassium, magnesium, bromine and other elements in seawater, and is the raw material for extracting a variety of chemical products.
The work of removing salt from the sea market in May was postponed. This year, the weather in the north is low and the rainfall is three times that of last year. As a result, the work of removing raw salt has been delayed and has not been carried out smoothly. At present, sea salt enterprises in Northeast China and North China have started to remove salt. It is understood that the current amount of salt removed has decreased by about 20% compared with the same period last year. Although Hebei's raw salt harvest was not smooth in May, the price trend was stable. At the beginning of the month, Shandong raw salt companies considered the launch of new salt and were worried about a backlog of inventory, so the price of raw salt was lowered by 5-10 yuan/ton. God has not cooperated, and the harvest of raw salt has been postponed. The market supply is tight. At the end of the month, the price of Shandong raw salt will be increased by 5-10 yuan/ton. At present, most of the supply is for the self-use of chemical companies in the province, and a small part is exported. The raw salt market supply in Tianjin and Liaoning regions is also tight, and the price trend will be stable in the short term. Companies will also wait and see the situation of salt removal in the market outlook. As of the end of this month, the mainstream ex-factory price of raw salt in Shandong is 210 yuan/ton, and the CIF price in Jiangsu is 400 yuan/ton; the local ex-factory price in Hebei is 230-260 yuan/ton; the Liaoning market is tight and prices are rising, and the mainstream ex-factory price has been raised to 240 yuan/ton; the ex-factory price of raw salt in Tianjin is 220 yuan/ton.
2. Mine salt and industrial salt
China’s mine salt areas include provinces and cities such as Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Henan, Chongqing and Anhui. In addition, Jiangsu , Shandong, Guangdong, Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces also have mineral salt. In recent years, the annual output of mine salt has reached more than 1,000 tons, accounting for more than 1.4% of the country's total salt production.
Affected by the earthquake, the output of mine salt in Sichuan has decreased to a certain extent, and the problem of supply and transportation is also serious. Prices of coal and other raw materials for mine salt production have continued to rise this month. In addition, sea salt production areas such as Shandong are not producing good salt, and the supply of raw salt in the raw salt market is tight. Driven by both cost and demand, Jiangsu Province took the lead in raising the price of raw salt by 30-50 yuan/ton. Anhui and other places have also made plans to increase prices, and it is expected that the price of mine salt will have a strong upward trend in the future.
At present, the local ex-factory price of mine salt in the Lianghu region is 350 yuan/ton; the delivery price of mine salt in Sichuan is 370 yuan/ton; the local ex-factory price in the Yunnan market is 290 yuan/ton; the market price in Jiangsu is basically 330-350 yuan. /ton or so.
3. Lake Salt Lake Salt
China is a country with many salt lakes. Starting from the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the northeast, and along the northern part of the Yinshan Mountains - the eastern end of the Qilian Mountains - the Gangdise Mountains, there are nearly a thousand salt lakes with an area larger than 1km2. Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Tibet are the four provinces and regions with the most concentrated distribution of salt lakes in China, and are also the areas with relatively concentrated distribution of salt lakes in the world. As the main salt used in the northwest region of China, lake salt has developed rapidly in recent years, with output reaching more than 3 million tons.
Lake salt companies were initially affected by the listing of Shandong raw salt, and the price trend was stable. There are many chlor-alkali companies in the area, and the demand is quite large. At the same time, the relationship between the upstream and downstream of local raw salt is relatively stable. Some local salt farms have their own soda ash equipment and have strong internal digestion capabilities. Therefore, the supply and demand relationship in the northwest lake salt market is stable, which also makes the local market It has the conditions to maintain stability for a long time. The local ex-factory quotation in the Hu salt market is concentrated at 220-240 yuan/ton, and the mainstream quotation in the Qinghai market is 160-170 yuan/ton.
Main Exporter of Industrial Salt
Netherlands Akzo-Nobel Hengelo Salt Works Akzo-Nobel is a company headquartered in the Netherlands that supplies health and hygiene products to customers around the world. , powder coatings and chemicals. Global consolidated sales in 1999 were US$13 billion (107.9 billion yuan). At the beginning of 2000, AkzoNobel had 68,000 employees in 75 countries around the world. AkzoNobel is Europe's largest producer of choline chloride. Now it has production plants in the Netherlands, Italy and China, and its quality system has obtained the ISO9002 international standard certificate.
The company’s business and products: (1) Fibers and polymers. Including polyamide yarn, polyester yarn, viscose fiber, etc. (2) Salt and chemicals. Including chlorine, alkali, VCM, methanol, urea formaldehyde resin, etc. (3) Material. Including synthetic resins, architectural coatings, car polishes, etc. (4) Health protection products. Including oral contraceptives, sex hormones, dysfunction drugs, and cardiovascular diseases. Machinery and equipment for man-made fiber, fabric and plastic processing industries, engineering plastics, packaging for medical and technical applications, industrial textiles, etc.
Australia's Rio Tinto Group has a market value of US$52.3 billion and is the world's second largest mining industry group, second only to BHP Billiton. The company's total assets are divided by region, with 89% concentrated in Australia and North America. The company's total turnover in 2004 was 14 billion Australian dollars. The sources of operating income were divided by region: North America accounted for 25%, Europe accounted for 22%, Japan accounted for 18%, Australia and New Zealand accounted for 8%, other Asian countries accounted for 22%, and other regions accounted for 5% ; By product: coal and iron ore account for 19% respectively, aluminum accounts for 17%, copper 16%, industrial raw materials 15%, gold and diamonds each account for 5%, and others 4%. Rio Tinto's main business with China is two-way trade. It mainly exports iron ore, copper, alumina, nickel, gold, borate, titanium oxide raw materials, etc. to China.
There are three large salt companies in the United States, namely Morton and Gargi
and North America. Morton Salt Group Company is also the largest salt company in the United States. The company is headquartered in Chicago, a city in the eastern United States, and has a history of more than 150 years since its founding in 1848. Morton Salt Group Co., Ltd. is composed of three parts: Morton Salt Company, Canadian Salt Co., Ltd. and Morton Bahama Salt Co., Ltd., with an annual sales volume of about 11 million tons. It has 9 vacuum salt production plants and an annual output of vacuum salt. 3 million tons. Rittman Salt Factory is the largest vacuum salt manufacturer in the United States. It has been established for 106 years and currently produces 550,000 tons of vacuum mineral salt annually, including 90,000 tons of high-quality salt (sodium chloride 99.95%). The Windsor Salt Factory has been established for more than 70 years, with an annual output of about 230,000 tons of vacuum mineral salt. The main varieties include table salt, seasoning salt, soft water salt and snow salt.
Mexico
Section 2 Domestic main sales area distribution and sales price changes and forecasts
Currently, China mainly imports industries from Pakistan, Germany, Mexico and Australia Salt.
Mainly sold to Nanjing, Ningbo, Hefei, Nanning and other places.
Main port of arrival: Nanjing, Ningbo, Hefei, Nanning
Quantity: 270,300 MT, 153,400 MT, 130,800 MT, 212,300 MT
Unit price USD35.18USD30.10USD27 .02USD40.06
A total of ***767,600 MT imported, with an average price of USD35.03
Preliminary analysis and forecast of import profits and losses in the third section
From Calculation of the CIF price of industrial salt imported from Mexico at US$80, duty-paid value, operating expenses, management expenses, financial expenses, etc.