Relevant national ministries and commissions jointly issued the new "Auto Scrap Standards" on December 18, 2000. According to this, the factors that affect the price of second-hand cars are mainly:
1. Use Year limit 2． Driving mileage 3. Vehicle damage or technical condition 4. Car model status (referring to the price and supply of accessories) 5. Among the vehicle fuel consumption and emission quality, the service life is the main factor that affects the price of second-hand cars. Generally, the longer the service life, the worse the vehicle condition, the more depreciation, and the lower the price, and vice versa. The same goes for age. The damage and technical condition of the vehicle must be inspected by professionals on site. Another factor that affects car prices is the condition of the car model (mainly referring to the supply of accessories). If there are fewer car models, the supply of accessories is not timely or the price is relatively high, there will be fewer buyers and the price will be low. For example, from 1994 to 1996, Nanjing purchased a batch of Korean Daewoo 2000s and saloons with a market value of only RMB 30,000 to RMB 50,000. The reason was that parts were expensive and difficult to supply. The technical performance and emission quality of the vehicle are closely related to the vehicle failure, so please investigate carefully when purchasing. 1. Second-hand cars are increasingly favored by car users due to their price advantages, and the identification of the technical status of the car is a barrier to purchasing second-hand cars for non-auto professionals. We will gradually and systematically introduce the purchase of second-hand cars. I hope this knowledge can help you choose a satisfactory second-hand car. The inspection of the technical condition of a second-hand car mainly includes the following three categories:
1. Static inspection 2. Dynamic inspection 3. Usage assistance Tool inspection
The static inspection also includes the counterfeiting inspection and appearance inspection of the car. Today we will introduce the counterfeiting inspection first. The counterfeiting inspection of the car is to judge the used car you are currently buying. Are they genuine cars produced by regular manufacturers or "parallel imported" cars? The so-called "parallel imported" cars refer to those imported through smuggling or unofficial channels. Some of these cars are complete vehicles, some are assembled domestically from parts, and some are even assembled from old cars. Genuine cars are cars that have been modified and comply with Chinese market regulations and usage conditions. They are imported directly from car manufacturers through channels approved by China. Therefore, there is a yellow commodity inspection mark on the windshield of a genuine car. For old cars, it will fall off with the increase of its service life. Some human factors will also make us unable to find the yellow commodity inspection mark when purchasing second-hand imported cars. logo. In addition, in accordance with China's Product Quality Law, genuine cars come with a Chinese owner's manual and a maintenance manual, while parallel-imported cars do not. For now, we usually go to used car hypermarkets, which is the used car market that everyone is familiar with. There are currently two in Nanjing. One is located at No. 1 Huayuan Road, Chengdong, next to the Nanjing Vehicle Management Office. The other one is in the south of the city. The vehicles parked in the used car market waiting for trading are generally genuine, and the brokers who trade used cars in the market are also registered.
2. Last time we introduced the forgery detection inspection in the static inspection of the technical condition of the car. This time we will introduce another inspection in the static inspection - appearance inspection.
Appearance inspection projects can basically be divided into two categories, one is only for qualitative understanding, and the other is for quantitative inspection. The former testing items generally use visual inspection methods, while the latter require the help of instruments and objective inspection methods. Most of our users generally use the former. The latter method is unrealistic and difficult to operate. After all, we are not a professional testing manufacturer.
Users should try to buy clean second-hand cars when purchasing. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find hidden defects in the car. In addition, items that need to be inspected under the chassis are best equipped with trenches and jacks or lifts. It is carried out at the work station, and the following focuses on the qualitative inspection:
1. First open the hood of the engine, then take out the vehicle's driving license and start to check the engine number and frame number. Look for the car's factory nameplate to see if it indicates the brand, model, engine power, total mass, cargo capacity or number of passengers, etc., and whether it matches the actual situation of the car. Once any discrepancy is found, do not consider buying the car. Do not buy stolen cars, assembled cars or smuggled cars with illegal subject qualifications just because they are cheap.
2. Check the technical condition of the car body, especially the value of the car body of cars and buses. The value of the car body has a relatively large weight in the whole vehicle, and the maintenance cost is relatively high. Therefore, checking the body of the car is an important part of the technical condition appraisal.
The inspection sequence starts from the front of the car, generally according to the following methods:
(1) Check whether the vehicle body is damaged by collision. Stand at the front corner of the car and look at the rear. Observe the seams of the car body. If they are not straight, the gaps are of different sizes, the lines are curved, the decorative strips are falling off or the old ones are different, it means that the car may have been repaired.
(2) Check whether the door is balanced, whether there are gaps around it, and whether the rubber edges are hardened, otherwise water will enter the door.
(3) Check the degree of metal corrosion of the car body. Mainly check the protective panels, windows, sinks, baseboards, joints, etc. If the rust is severe, it means the car is older.
(4) Check the paint peeling off. Look for excess paint on exhaust pipes, moldings, around windows and tires. If so, it means the car has been painted or refurbished. Use a magnet to move around the car body. If you encounter a place where the magnetic force suddenly decreases, it is partially filled with dust. Painted areas. When tapping the car body with your hands, if the knocking sound is crisp, it means that the car body has not been filled with dust and paint; if the knocking sound is dull, it means that the car body has been filled with dust and paint.
3. Check the interior of the carriage: (1) Check the condition of the seats, whether the seats are sunken, whether the lining of the roof is cracked, whether the carpet or collodion board is old, whether the interior of the carriage is in good condition Filthy and moldy.
(2) Peel off the carpet or rubber board and check whether the floor of the carriage is damp or rusty. If so, it means the car may leak when it rains.
(3) Open the suitcase and check whether the waterproof rubber edge of the cover is damaged and fallen off, whether the suitcase is leaking, rusty, and whether there are traces of welding. (4) Check whether the surrounding glass can be raised and lowered flexibly.
(5) Check whether the instrument panel is original and whether there are any traces of altered wires at the bottom of the instrument panel. Pay special attention to the reading of the odometer. Currently, the annual mileage of the vehicle is about 30,000 to 40,000 kilometers. If the average annual mileage is too high, it means that the car has been running hard. If it is too little, the instrument panel may have been replaced.
3. Last time we introduced how to inspect the body and interior of the cabin during exterior inspection. This time we introduced how to inspect the heart of the car - the engine and how to use common measuring tools to inspect it.
1. Look at the wires on the fire distributor cover. Is there any engine oil? Are there any signs of explosion? Depending on the date of purchase of the battery, the general lifespan is more than 2 years. There should be no white powder (sulfate) attached to the two terminals of the battery, and the battery body should be dry with absolutely no cracks.
2. Check if there are any oil stains leaking from the outside of the cylinder head. A small amount is not a big problem, but if there is a large amount of oil stains, it means that the oil may be in the basin, or the cylinder gasket may be broken.
3. Check the engine oil level. Take out the engine oil dipstick to see if the engine oil is turbid or has blisters, and pay attention to the oil level. If the height is too high, it may mean that the cylinder gasket is burned and the water tank water is mixed into the crankcase; if the oil level is too low, it may mean that the engine oil The upper basin was burned together with the gasoline, which meant that it would have to be overhauled sooner or later. Test the viscosity of the engine oil with your hands to see if there is any grit. The color should be dark yellow.
4. Open the water tank cover and take a look. If the water in the water tank is all yellow rusty water, or there are traces of rusty water leaking out of the water tank, special attention should be paid. Check whether the fan belt is tight and whether the rubber pad is loose. After driving for a while, check to see if there are any oil stains on the water tank cover. If there is, it means that the cylinder head gasket is leaking. Pay attention to whether the water tank has any signs of being bumped and whether the radiator fins are welded.
5. Check whether ancillary devices, such as wipers, radios, meters, reflectors, heaters, lamps, turn signals, sprinklers, air conditioning equipment, etc. are damaged or incomplete; and inspect the ancillary devices. Dynamic inspection. Such as wiper action, water spray device spraying water, air conditioner cooling, and whether all lights and instruments are working properly. Fourth, the 96 and 97 Santana are divided into two types: regular type and optional type (plus electric glass and alloy wheels), with similar basic performance. Judging from the response of the entire used car market, the price of this car is relatively reasonable, the speed-up performance is relatively good among similar models, and the car is also relatively "sturdy". However, due to the older model and some technical problems, this car also has some easily detectable problems. In short, like the sales rankings in the new car market, the old Santana has always been the "leader" in sales volume in the used car market. Used car professionals believe that due to the reasonable price of this car, it is currently a relatively good car for families to buy used cars.
Price: The current price of the 96 and 97 Santana on the market is around 70,000 yuan, depending on the condition of the car.
Existing problems: without ABS system, the brakes are not very easy to use and are relatively "flesh"; the shock absorption is not good; the brake pads are easy to wear; the steering wheel is relatively heavy; and the noise is relatively loud. Wearing parts: ball cage; tie rod; brake pad; oil seal
Features: There are many Santanas, which have always been the "third best" in the market. They have good after-sales service, and accessories are relatively cheap and common. This is also the reason why most people buy this car. Tips for purchasing:
1. First check whether this car has been involved in a crash. You can usually find this by opening the machine cover and looking carefully at the trunk. Professionals believe that the body of a car that has been hit by a collision is prone to deformation, so the collision is the most feared.
2. The car does not burn oil, which is more common in this car. 3. Interior: Check the front, rear, left and right to see if the air conditioner is good, how the sound is, especially if the radio is original.
After purchase: If there are no major problems, you don’t need to repair it after purchase. However, it is essential to change the third filter, tank oil, and engine oil, so that you can detect problems in time after they occur.
5. Consumers who buy second-hand cars often take into account the price advantage. They can buy a higher-grade or even much higher-grade vehicle at the same price. The "brand name effect" plays a very important role. , so this means that many old cars that have been used for more than 8 years still have a large buying group. Although the prices of these vehicles are very "attractive" and can show their "status", when buying these famous brand old cars, you must fully consider the use and maintenance of the vehicles and avoid "buying antique cars". In Beijing's used car market, generally speaking, the price of Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Cadillac and other famous brand cars that are more than 10 years old is between 80,000 and 150,000 yuan, and the condition of the vehicles is still much worse than some domestic cars. Advantageous. The price of sports cars from Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi and other brands that have been used for more than 10 years is also around 100,000 yuan. For some young people who pursue appearance, these cars are good "show-offs". Consumers who purchase these vehicles must make preparations in three aspects before they can consider purchasing. They cannot simply see the price and brand effect. Vehicle parts supply and price Models that have been used for a long time will encounter the problem of fewer spare parts and higher prices. Even the spare parts of some imported cars need to be shipped directly from abroad by air, resulting in a significant increase in costs. For older models, maintenance and repair of the exterior parts is still possible in China, but whether commonly used replacement parts are universal will affect the price. The engine, gearbox, chassis and other components of old models generally do not need to be replaced if they are in good condition. However, if the commonly used brake discs, suspension springs, three filters and one element are difficult to find in China, then these old cars use The cost will be astonishingly high, so when purchasing, be sure to consider whether there are spare parts for replacement, at least commonly used spare parts. Relatively speaking, the Japanese series of old used cars have better general parts performance and lower prices, while the European and American series of old models have fewer spare parts and higher prices, so consumers need to have a "preference" when buying vehicles. The level of vehicle insurance taxes and fees. The insurance costs of some relatively rare sports cars and luxury models are very high in China, and it is very inconvenient to repair and maintain them in the country. Therefore, although these old brand-name models in the used car market have low purchase costs, the taxes and insurance are very high. High, for example, an American version of a Japanese brand sports car used in 1993. The used car price on the market is 120,000 yuan, but the annual insurance cost is as high as more than 30,000 yuan, and the state stipulates that certain insurance must be paid for these vehicles. of. The annual tax cost of older models needs to be considered. The purpose of buying a second-hand car is to be cheap. If the cost of use is too high, it will defeat the original purpose of "affordability". Environmental protection requirements and vehicle sources. Big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai have relatively high environmental requirements for vehicles. Brand-name cars also have strict environmental requirements for vehicles. Some models manufactured 10 years ago have adopted multi-point electronic injection, closed-loop design, With technologies such as exhaust gas recirculation and three-way catalytic converters, it is common sense that these vehicles can meet the current environmental protection standards of big cities. However, because there were no corresponding environmental protection requirements for vehicles in China at the time, car dealers had dismantled these equipment when importing vehicles in order to reduce costs and make more money. Therefore, there was also a problem in Beijing last year that Mercedes-Benz and BMW were unable to go on the road.
Before consumers buy these old cars, they must check whether the vehicle's environmental performance meets local usage requirements and whether it can be driven on the road normally. When buying second-hand cars of old famous brands, you should also consider the source of the vehicle. Some imported cars did not enter the country through formal channels, and some smuggled water trucks were circulated. You will not encounter this problem in the regular market in Beijing. Yes, but if it is a transaction between individual consumers, they must pay careful attention to these issues to avoid causing the vehicle's origin to be unknown and unable to go through the formalities for being put on the road. 6. Three simple and practical second-hand car valuation methods are introduced for readers’ reference.
1. The economic service life of a general car is 10 years based on the number of years it has been used. The cumulative sum of 1 to 10 is 55 (1+2+3+...+10=55).
The depreciation of the car in the first year is 10/55. 9/55 in the second year, 8/55 in the third year... and so on. If a car has been used for 4 years, the valuation of the car is:
Total price of new car - total price of new car × (10 /55＋9/55＋8/55＋7/55) Among them, the total price of a new car is the current market sales price of the same type of car plus the total cost of vehicle purchase such as surtax, insurance premium, road maintenance fee, license plate fee, etc.
For example: The current market price of the basic model of an ordinary Santana is 77,000 yuan, and the total cost after completing various procedures is about 90,000 yuan. The valuation of this kind of car after 4 years of use is :9-9×(10/55+9/55+8/55+7/55)=3.44 (10,000 yuan)
2. Evaluate based on market price
A 30% discount will be given to the car price in the first year of listing, and an additional 20% discount will be given to the discounted price within two years. It depends on the condition of the car in the future. For example, if the car evaluated above is evaluated using the market price, its price is: 9×0.7×0.8×0.85×0.9=3.85 (10,000 yuan)
3. Evaluation based on mileage (54321 method)
The economic travel life of a general car is 300,000 kilometers (30,000 kilometers per year). Divide it into 5 segments, each segment is 60,000 kilometers, then the value of each segment is in order It is 5/15, 4/15, 3/15, 2/15, 1/15 of the total price of the new car (the denominator 15 is the cumulative value from 1 to 5, that is, 1+2+3+4+5=15). For example, the car evaluated above has traveled 120,000 kilometers (approximately 4 years of use), then its evaluation price is 9 × (3/15 + 2/15 + 1/15) = 3.6 (ten thousand yuan). The valuations obtained by the above three methods are mutually exclusive. The largest difference is only about 4,000 yuan, and its valuation and the auction company's starting price can be said to be almost exactly the same.
Experts also remind everyone that these valuations are only the current abstract prices of cars, and have not yet taken into account the quality of the vehicle and the income of the agent. Therefore, the performance status of the car and the market situation must be considered during specific operations, and corresponding adjustments must be made. Generally, The magnitude of the adjustment is approximately within 30% of the valuation. In this way, once you have a good idea of ??the car's price range, you can indicate your highest psychologically acceptable price and avoid blindly and impulsively raising your price. 7. Eight purchasing criteria for second-hand car purchase
Car selection criteria and market price can be used as a reference for estimation
But it also depends on the actual car condition. The so-called market price mentioned above , in fact, there are clues to be found, but they are still based on approximate estimates. For a new car, the discount will be approximately 30% off within one year after listing, and another 20% off at the discounted price within two years. In the third year, another 15% discount will be applied, and it will depend on the condition of the car (because the condition of the car changes with the driver's car usage habits, maintenance concepts, etc.). It is worth mentioning that the above estimated price is only For reference, you must not follow the same method and discount all car models in this way, because in addition to the condition of the car, the market price needs to consider the popularity of the car, whether the car has been discontinued, the convenience of maintenance, and spare parts. Selling price, etc. are all factors related to the market price.
Principle 2 for choosing a car
When purchasing, do not focus solely on the appearance of the car body. Whether there is an accident or not is what you should be careful about. After you have a general understanding of the market price , let’s evaluate the appearance of the car body when you first see it. Don’t think that the appearance of the car body is just a look at the appearance. In fact, it is the first step to check whether it is an accident car. The accident car mentioned here is not a minor scratch that usually occurs. It is an "accident car" that has seriously damaged the frame, engine and other important parts. When you look at it, you can actually start from the front of the car, the doors, the rear luggage compartment, etc. When you look at the front of the car, take the hood as the main body. In addition to
you need to carefully check the tightness with the fenders or whether the gaps left between the cover and the left and right fenders are consistent (no differences in size), the hood and the headlights are uneven. Check whether the gap between the hood and the windshield is consistent or whether the original car's glue paint remains.
Criteria 3: How to inspect the engine room from several points? Whether there are any traces of spot welding can be used to judge. The inspection of the engine room is the most important point. When you open the hood, check it first. If there are traces of paint on the inside of the engine cover, it means that the chance of this cover being collided is not low, because most people will not mess around with paint on this place because it has no aesthetic value, and then it can be Then check from the beam above the engine room (also the I-beam above the water tank cover), the two longitudinal beams below the engine body, or the two inner sub-beams commonly known as the "inner return" of the engine room. If there is no accident, check these places. There are traces of circular spot welding. If there are spot welding shapes that are out of round or of different sizes, it may have been impacted. The connection of each steel plate is also the focus of inspection. Whether the waterproof strip is smooth , are also the basis for judging whether the car has any love injuries.
Car Picking Guidelines 4
Try to see if the door opens smoothly and makes no noise. The opening of the trunk is also the focus of inspection. Check whether it is a straight line from the door frame and B-pillar. If there are no waves (commonly known as orange peels), it means there is no major problem with the car. Furthermore, you can check from the car door. When the door is not open, you can first check whether the door joints are smooth. If the joint is naturally smooth, it means there is no major problem with the car. However, you cannot conclude that there is no problem with the car. You can When the door is opened, check the A, B, and C pillars in detail, that is, check whether the door frames are in a straight line. If it is uneven and has a wave-like appearance (commonly known as orange peel), it means that the car has been sheet metal. You can also open the black water glue strip to see if it is smooth, and whether there are traces of nails when the original car was joined near the door. If there are traces, it means the car is the original factory. If there are no traces, it means the car has been painted. Finally, you can open and close the door back and forth to check the smoothness of the door opening. If there is no abnormal sound or it opens very smoothly, it means there is no major problem with the car. , but it does not mean that there is nothing wrong with the car. When inspecting the sheet metal parts on the left and right sides of the luggage compartment opening or the joint with the rear bumper, first open the carpet under the luggage compartment and check whether there are any traces of welding. Although the sheet metal technology has been very advanced. , but as long as you are careful, you will be able to check for clues. However, I would like to remind you that as long as the car is not a serious accident, you must not have too strict requirements. Instead, you should measure the car based on the purchase price. value