Loans have become a very common phenomenon, from enterprises to individuals and even some institutions. By the end of 219, the balance of RMB loans of financial institutions in China reached 153.11 trillion yuan.

However, not all the money lent by banks can be recovered normally. According to the financial reports of major banks, the bad debt rate of most banks is between 1% and 2.5%, and the average bad debt rate of the whole industry is about 1.85%, which means that the balance of non-performing loans of major banks is about 2.8 trillion, which is higher than the annual GDP of many provinces.

among these non-performing loans, some may be temporarily overdue and cannot be repaid, while others become bad debts and cannot be recovered at all.

What will the Bank of dormant account do about those bad debts that cannot be repaid?

In general, banks take different ways in different stages from overdue loans to bad debts and then dead accounts. In the first stage, the customer's overdue time is relatively short, such as within 3 months.

The customer's overdue time is relatively short, which is not serious. At this time, the bank is basically managed by the account manager who is responsible for the customer. They can communicate with the customer by telephone, SMS, door-to-door and other means, hoping that they can repay the loan as soon as possible.

At this stage, the bank account manager will frequently communicate with customers and adopt various methods, and hope that customers can pay back the money in time through both soft and hard methods.

at this stage, if the customer is willing to repay when it is just overdue, but is temporarily unable to repay, the bank may also ask the customer to make a deferred repayment, but the period of deferred repayment is generally not too long. In the second stage, the overdue time is between 3 months and 6 months.

if the customer fails to pay back the loan for more than 3 months, this situation is relatively serious, and the potential bad debt risk is relatively high. At this time, the bank may collect the bad debt by a special collection department.

But the bank is also a formal institution, which is quite different from those lending institutions in society. Even if the bank's collection department takes over, the collection method they adopt is very formal. Usually, they do not use violent means to collect money, but through litigation and other means.

if the borrower has collateral, the bank will give priority to negotiate with the borrower to repay the bank's loan through auction. if the proceeds from the auction of collateral are insufficient to repay the loan, the remaining balance will be recovered by other means.

however, if the borrower does not cooperate in this process, the bank may sue the borrower to the court at any time, and then take compulsory measures through the court, such as freezing bank accounts, sealing up assets, factories and equipment, etc.

then the court makes a judgment. The result of the court's judgment is nothing more than asking the enterprise to repay the bank's loan within the prescribed time limit. If the enterprise fails to repay the bank's loan within the prescribed time limit, on the one hand, the bank can apply to the court for compulsory measures to repay the bank's loan by auctioning the property under the borrower's name, such as real estate, car production, factory building, equipment, inventory, raw materials and other related assets.

On the other hand, the borrower will be included in the list of people who have broken their promises. After that, many activities of the borrower will be affected, for example, they can't take the motor train, fly, go into high-end consumption places, buy a house, buy a car, their children can't attend aristocratic schools, and individuals can't leave the country. Stage 3: loans overdue has been overdue for more than 6 months and less than one year

If the bank loan has not been repaid through the previous two stages, for example, the borrower has no collateral or it is still insufficient to repay the bank loan after the collateral auction, then in this case, the possibility of being overdue for more than 6 months has become less and less.

under this background, banks may have different choices.

the first option is to continue to collect money and follow up with customers, hoping that customers can find their own repayment conscience.

the second way is to directly package this non-performing asset with other non-performing assets and sell it to some asset management companies, such as the four major state-owned asset management companies and some provincial asset management companies. However, the potential loss of selling non-performing assets is relatively large, and banks generally will not do so unless they have to.

the third option, backdating, backdating is actually illegal, and banks dare not do it publicly. Generally, some bank leaders cooperate with some institutions in society privately. To put it simply, it means that some people prepare a set of false information, and then the bank gives the green light to release the loan through audit. After the money is released, it will be transferred to the company with bad debts in various ways, so that they can repay the bad debts, which can reduce the bank's non-performing loan ratio. However, the potential risk of this approach is very great. To put it bluntly, it is fraudulent loans, so banks dare not do so under normal circumstances. Stage 4, overdue for more than one year.

if the customer's quality is so poor that even the asset management company is unwilling to take over, there is nothing the bank can do. If the customer still fails to repay the bad debt after it is overdue for more than one year, the bank can only write it off as a bad debt, and then deduct some funds from the operating profit of that year for write-off.

However, the practice of bad debt write-off is very unfavorable for bank branches, because there are strict bad debt management methods within the bank. If the proportion of bad debt write-off is too high, the bonus of the branch may be lost and the credit line will be reduced.

As we all know, the most profitable industry in China is banking. They don't have to worry about dead accounts. Loans with low interest rates are all related households, and with high interest rates, it is easy to smooth out the losses that cannot be recovered from loans with low interest rates. Withdrawals must be made in person. Every year, how many people accidentally disappear, that is, people in heaven have their money in the bank. As we all know, a large part of them are not taken or can't be taken out. Since there is a necrosis account, there should also be a necrosis account. More than a decade ago, a family in the town opened a gas station on the road and was wiped out one night. Later, the villagers said that his family had so much money and worked for the bank for so many years. Since we can exempt foreigners' national debt, why can't we exempt domestic citizens who can't pay their debts? You know, national wealth is created by the people. Of course, it is necessary to distinguish between unwilling and unwilling, and speculators should not be allowed to drill holes.

banks are restricted by the regulatory authorities, so they can't do it, and they are not allowed to do anything drastic. The worst result that banks can do for customers is nothing more than to sue, and the court executive board will implement Lao Lai's property repayment loan.

No borrower has gone from good repayment to complete failure, becoming a deadbeat. Normally, it is not paid in the first month, then in the second month, and then every month, and it is finally recognized as bad debt. In this process, banks will actually do a lot of actions to recover the loan losses as much as possible.

generally speaking, the jurisdiction of a loan business in a bank can only be one of the operating institutions (branches or business teams) or the collection department. When the loan business repays normally, or when the repayment is abnormal but there is hope for recovery, it belongs to the operating institution. When it is determined that the loan cannot be recovered in a short period of time, the business will be handed over from the operating institution to the collection department, and the collection department will make the final rescue. When operating an institution

When the loan business is still operating an institution, the account manager is mainly responsible for the collection. The main responsibility of the account manager is to manage the loan. As long as the loan is not recovered, it belongs to the category of post-loan management. Post-loan management mainly depends on the repayment of loans, and the specific work is slightly different.

when the loan business is normal, the account manager will regularly check the bank flow, credit report and operation status of the enterprise, with the aim of finding problems in advance, warning as soon as possible before the crisis and taking security measures as soon as possible after the crisis.

at the initial stage of abnormal repayment in the loan business, the account manager will contact by phone first to find out whether it is because he forgot to repay or because he has not paid the loan.

when the abnormal repayment of loan business is not stopped in time, the account manager should first understand the main reasons for the poor repayment of customers, find out the subjective and objective reasons, and discuss with customers a feasible repayment plan in time.

when the loan business has been overdue for more than 9 days in a row, and neither the repayment plan nor the restructuring plan can be implemented, the operating institutions have almost run out of money in Jiang Lang, and they can't find a better plan, so they can only hand over the business to the collection department. Of course, this also means that operating institutions have to bear the heavy responsibility of lax loan review.

The responsibilities of the operating institutions described above are more official requirements, but in actual operation, account managers will also go to the door and wait for the spot, and use some special means to collect money. It depends on what the account managers of various banks have. In the collection department

When the loan business falls to the collection department, the most important thing is to rely on legal means. The collection department will entrust a lawyer to send a lawyer's letter, regardless of whether the borrower can receive it or not, this action should be done first. On the one hand, it is to let the borrower know that the bank is going to sue, which is a notice. On the other hand, it is to use legal weapons to see if it can touch the borrower and take the initiative to repay.

if the bank sends the lawyer's letter and doesn't receive feedback, it will sue directly without saying anything. Almost all the evidence chains of banks have been verified by "ten thousand" cases, and banks have a high probability of winning the case. After winning the case, it will be handed over to the executive board of the court, and the execution will be executed and the auction will be auctioned.

if the borrower has no property to execute and no assets to auction, the last thing the bank can do may be to transfer the creditor's rights and sell the loan to the asset management company at a discount. At this point, a loan is over. Summary:

Banks are relatively civilized when collecting money. They can talk about it if they can, but they can't "fight" if they can't talk about it. From the normal repayment of the loan to the final irrecoverable, it needs to be managed by two departments of the bank. When running an institution, the main thing is to "talk", try to find a peaceful solution and recover the loan. When collecting institutions, it is mainly to "fight" and use legal weapons to recover loans. How can bank finance make up for those dormant account who are too lazy to pay back the money, unable to repay the debts and have bad debts?

In the past few years, there were many loopholes and bad debts in banks. In recent years, with the improvement of the system, in fact, there are not many accounts in which banks are completely dead.

for loans that cannot be repaid in time, they generally have the following treatment methods.

1. collection. Including their own collection and entrust a third party to collect.

2. Credit limit. Those who fail to repay the loan in time will be included in the credit report, and if they refinance or open a credit card in the future, they will be strictly restricted. So if the amount is small, most of them will try to return it.

3. Dispose of collateral. Now most loans have collateral, for example, if the mortgage is overdue, the bank can dispose of the house, which is agreed in the loan contract.

4. sue the lender and the guarantor. Most loans have people with certain financial resources as guarantors. At this stage, either the lender or the guarantor will have their property preserved and disposed of.

5. The loans that can't be repaid are packaged and sold to third-party creditor's rights management institutions. For example, a loan of 1 million can be sold at a price of 3, yuan, which is equivalent to recovering 3, yuan.

6. Use criminal means. Some special cases can be handled by investigating criminal responsibility, for example, investigating the loan fraud of the lender and refusing to execute the judgment, and so on.

As long as you are engaged in financial lending business, there will be bad debts, dormant account and bad debts. Private lending is like this, so are banks. However, for banks, because they have a complete set of processing procedures, it is also necessary to properly handle these bad debts internally.

1. According to the regulatory requirements, after each loan is issued, the bank must withdraw a provision for doubtful debts internally and put this provision for doubtful debts into a separate account for management. The proportion of extraction in provision for doubtful debts is classified and extracted according to the regulations of the regulatory authorities. This aspect of supervision is clearly defined.

2. After the loan expires, if the customer is unable to repay the loan in loans overdue, the bank will adopt three methods in parallel. On the one hand, according to the regulatory requirements, after reaching a certain period, the bad debt reserve will continue to be withdrawn in proportion. On the other hand, bank loan officers and post-loan management departments will collect money from borrowers. On the other hand, the bank will log the overdue information of the debtor into the People's Bank of China. That is to say, this person's credit record has been tainted, and this payment record has changed from normal state to overdue state.

3. If the arrears and interest are successfully recovered after collection. Then the bank will transfer the bad debt provision from the account back to the profit, forming a normal bank loan operating profit, and this business is over. What if the collection fails?

4. according to the final regulatory provisions, banks will withdraw 1% of bad debts for different types of loans after a certain period of time. In other words, the bank is ready to lose all the principal and interest. This provision for bad debts is to offset the bank's profits, so the profits will be reduced to make up for the loan principal.

5. For the bad debts due, it shall be handled according to the internal classification process. Some banks will entrust a cooperative law firm to file a lawsuit with the court and recover it through a court decision. Then, after the successful legal document is formed, if the user still fails to return it, then he will apply for enforcement. At the same time, through the court's enforcement court, the user's litigation information is logged into the court's blacklist of untrustworthy executors, and at the same time, an application is made to limit the three high consumption. Then the user becomes what we commonly call "Lao Lai".

6. because of the huge scale of bank lending, it is impossible to bring a court action against all overdue people. Therefore, a large number of banks will not take court proceedings, so banks will turn them into bad debts internally and slowly wait for customers to take the initiative to find banks. Because 1% of bad debts have been reported in this part of the accounts, the follow-up will not affect the normal operation of the bank. After reaching a certain level of accumulation, such bad debts can also be packaged and sold to the non-performing assets disposal and management institution (AMC) after being reported to the regulatory authorities for approval.

7. Due to the influence of the blacklist of the People's Bank of China, borrowers with bad debts have actually been unable to apply for credit cards, mortgages or other loans in all financial systems. He has become a "black account of financial credit". If the future borrower wants to communicate with financial institutions normally, he must solve this problem first. At this time, the bank became Jiang Taigong fishing and sitting firmly in the military account, waiting for the borrower to come to the door to negotiate and solve it.