Cheng surname ranking: Cheng surnames are widely distributed. The total population of China Cheng surnames accounts for about 0.57% of the Han population in China, ranking 3rd1place among the 50 most popular surnames in China. Mainly distributed in Henan, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Shandong and other provinces, the population of Cheng in these five provinces accounts for about 60% of the Han population in China.

■ The origin of Cheng surname

Cheng surname has five sources:

1, from the Feng family, takes the country as its surname, and is a descendant of Li Zhonghe. Zhong and Li are figures in the period of "Five Emperors" in ancient legends. His descendant, Fu Bo (Job), was made Emperor in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty and established Guo Cheng. The ancient kingdom of Cheng gathered in Luoyang during the Han and Jin Dynasties, which is now the junction of Luoyang and Yanshi in Henan Province. Adult residents take the country name as their surname, so they have the Cheng family. Before Cheng's ancestor was in Germany, the Yellow Emperor sometimes had wind behind him, Zhuan Xu sometimes had Zhong and Li, and Shun and Yu sometimes had Bo Yi. Cheng's Tex is in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

2. Take the place name as the surname. According to legend, Li's descendants divorced from their father and later entered the DPRK as Fu. Later, Xu Fang (now Xuegu Town, southeast of tengxian, Shandong Province) was captured as a city (now Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, and some people said it was in Luoyang City). Some of his descendants took the land as their surname and called it Cheng.

3. After Fu Bo in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. According to records, it is the ancestor of Cheng. Because of the "three heresies" offering "the car of Mount Tai, the jade in the well, and the food for both ears", they were sealed in Guangping, and later generations took the country as their surname and called it. In fact, Fu Bo is descended from Li Zhonghe.

4. Ji's surname was changed from Xun's descendants to Yi's surname. According to historical records, in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Xun family (the eldest son of a non-concubine) of the Jin State was collected in Chengyi (now the northeast of Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province), and later generations took the city as their surname and called it Chengxing.

5. Other nationalities and surnames were changed to Cheng surnames.

■ History of migration of Cheng surname

Historically, Cheng's surname was mainly distributed in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi in the north and Anhui, Zhejiang and Guangdong in the south.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Cheng family mainly propagated in the State of Jin (now Shanxi Province). Jin shared the same surname with the royal family in the Western Zhou Dynasty and developed into a powerful vassal state in the Spring and Autumn Period. Jin Wengong became one of the "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period". The territory of the State of Jin is centered on what is now Shanxi Province, including parts of Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi. There are also many celebrities who changed their surnames from Xun Shi to Shi Cheng. One of Gou Gou's grandchildren is Ji Cheng. His son, Cheng Zhengpin, is virtuous and dares to speak out. Duke Jin appreciated him and appointed him as a rider. Later, he was promoted to deputy commander-in-chief of the lower army and became one of the six departments of the Qing Dynasty. Another doctor, Cheng Slip, with the support of the powerful ministers Luan Shu and Zhongyan, stabbed the dissolute and became a sensation. In addition to Gou's changing his surname to Cheng's, some people in Zhi's family changed their surname to Cheng's, such as Cheng Xiu. Xunshi takes the city as his surname, which is the source of becoming a surname. Although it is not the earliest source of the Cheng family, it has expanded the team of the Cheng family after all. After the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty, some ancestors named Cheng moved to the State of Jin, and later some people named Gou and Zhi changed their names to Cheng, so the State of Jin became the main settlement of ancestors named Cheng in the Spring and Autumn Period.

In the first year of Zhou Yuanwang (475 BC), the history of China entered the Warring States Period. In the twenty-third year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC), Wei, Han and Zhao of the State of Jin were all promoted to governors. In the twenty-sixth year (376 BC), Han, Wei and Zhao enfeoffed the State of Jin, and the State of Jin declared its demise. As Zhao moved its capital to Handan, South Korea moved its capital to Xinzheng, and Wei moved its capital to Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan), many ancestors of the Cheng family who originally lived in Jin moved to Xinzheng, Daliang and Handan in the north and south of the Yellow River, which was another great migration of the Cheng family.

As a result of supporting Zhao's orphans and being kind to the Zhao family, when Zhao became a vassal and moved to Handan, his descendants also moved eastward and lived in the original fief near Handan (that is, in the Han Dynasty). People named Cheng have been multiplying in this area and become an important tribe.

Except for the lack of Zhao, Wei and Han; There are also many ancestors named Cheng in the State of Qin in Guanzhong area. They were raised in Cheng Yi, near Xianyang, after Cheng Bo's father moved and sealed in western Zhou Xuanwang. The ancestor of this branch, surnamed Cheng, later developed into a famous hope in Anding County. The footprints of the ancestors named Cheng also reached Shandong Lu (now southwest Shandong). There was a Cheng Zheng in Lu, a famous rich man, who was famous for his expertise in metallurgical casting.

During the Warring States Period, in Huyuan, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, in Guanzhong area, there lived a nation named Ducheng. The program has gradually developed into one of the most influential surnames in the Central Plains.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Cheng's surname was further developed in Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and Shaanxi, and the population of Cheng's surname had moved to Sichuan, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. During this period, a big county was formed in Luoyang, Henan, and a big family was formed in Guangping, Hebei. In the 26th year of King Qin (22 BC1), the State of Qin destroyed the six countries in Kanto and established the unified Qin Dynasty in China. Qin Ershi died, and Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty after Chen Sheng's anti-Qin Chu war. The Western and Eastern Han Dynasties lasted for 400 years. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the ancestors of Cheng began to spread to the Yangtze River basin. Among the ancestors of Cheng who lived in the Central Plains, many people encountered great events and made great achievements.

After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang carried out an organized relocation in order to consolidate his rule. Most of the right ethnic groups in the six Kanto countries were forced to leave their homes and settle in different places. The Han Dynasty sent soldiers to open up fields, and some soldiers and people from the mainland also went to the frontier to live. At this time, the ancestors named Cheng began to migrate to the Yangtze River valley and set up new homes there. After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, a rich man engaged in metallurgical casting in Lu was forcibly moved to Shu County, which is now Qionglai County, Sichuan Province.

In the Qin Dynasty, there was a man named Colin who moved from the Central Plains to Huiji County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). He is proficient in wine-making technology, and the wine produced is delicious. He started a brewing workshop to produce alcohol. There is also a local named Wumingwan who is also good at making wine, so this place has become a famous wine town. People named this county Wucheng in memory of Wujin and Cheng Lin. Ancient Ukraine; Chengxian County is just south of today's Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Cheng moved south, mainly to Anhui and Jiangsu, and then to Hunan and Jiangxi. During this period, Cheng also formed a big county-Anding County in Ningxia and Gansu in the northwest.

During the Song Dynasty, people from Bao Han (now Linxia, Gansu) flowed into Bashu area and were honored as King Shu by local people. During the Qi Dynasty, a rural sage appeared in Lingnan area, that is, Cheng Man. His family may have moved south during the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty. Cheng Man is highly respected and not an official. When the villagers have a dispute, they don't go to the government and ask him to judge right and wrong. In memory of him, people called his hometown "Yihua" and his county named after "Chengxiang", which is today's Meizhou, Guangdong. Cheng Mansui is the ancestor of the Cheng family in Meizhou, Lingnan.

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the Cheng family left their hometown for various reasons and moved to other places, which made the Cheng family more widely distributed throughout the country. At the end of the Southern Dynasties, a man named Cheng moved to Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province) in Xin 'an County, Zhangzhou. At the end of Sui Dynasty, some people moved north to Luoyang. In the Five Dynasties, Cheng Xiu moved from Cangzhou to Boye, Zhongshan (now Lixian County, Hebei Province). Cheng's ancestors moved south from the Central Plains in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the country was unified and the society was stable, and some people moved back to their hometown to live.

Cheng Bin, a native of Cheng Xiang (now Meizhou, Guangdong) in Sui Dynasty, is the second son of Xiang Xian Cheng Xian. He is knowledgeable and once served as the magistrate of Hongnong (now Lingbao, Henan Province). After his father died, he abandoned the palace and went to Friendship (now Youxian County, Hunan Province) to live in seclusion, where his descendants settled. In Xingning, Chenzhou (now northwest of Xingning, Guangdong), there is Chengjiang, also known as Chengxiang, which flows into Leishui and Chenggong Mountain. The landscape here is named after the word "Cheng", and it is an area where people named Cheng live in concentration. Due to the frequent migration during the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the ancestors of the Cheng family were distributed in the southeast, southwest and northwest border areas of the motherland, but more densely distributed in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins.

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the surname Cheng began to appear among ethnic minorities. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, there was already a surname of Cheng among the Hui people.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the ancestors of Cheng continued to migrate and multiply, and their footprints gradually spread all over the country, making contributions and making achievements, or being made a prince, or learning art, writing books and imparting knowledge. They have made contributions to society from different aspects, among which academic contribution is the greatest. Among them, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, the brothers who started Luoxue, are the most famous.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, wars were frequent. In order to escape the war, the ancestors named Cheng left their hometown and moved to other places. There was a scholar named Cheng who went out to be an official and moved his family to the office.

Kaifeng is the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty and Luoyang is Xijing. Some ancestors named Cheng moved from various places to Kaifeng and Luoyang, and the Cheng family in Henan was revived. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, some descendants of Cheng who moved from Luoyang to Dongsheng (now Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) returned home in succession during the Song and Jin Dynasties. Cheng Yu, a native of Boye, Zhongshan (now Lixian County, Hebei Province), moved his family to Liquan, Guanzhong area (now Liquan, Shaanxi Province), and served as magistrate of Liquan County and magistrate of Chengdu in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Later, he was promoted to assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and his first residence was in Beijing. The family moved to Taining Square in Kaifeng. His grandson Cheng Nian buried his grandfather in Yichuan, south of Luoyang, and the family moved from Kaifeng to Luoyang. Family members have been officials for generations, and the Cheng family in Henan has become a prominent clan of the Cheng family.

Later, nomadic people and Yuan army went south one after another, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. Many ancestors named Cheng in the Central Plains moved south to the Jianghuai area. The Cheng family in Henan also moved south with the Song family. Cheng Hao's eldest son, Cheng, settled in Wumen (now Wuxian, Jiangsu). Cheng Yi's eldest son, Cheng Duanzhong, was martyred in Lu 'an (now Anhui), his second son, Cheng Duanfu, moved to Jincheng (now Jurong, Jiangsu), and his third son, Cheng Duanyan, moved to Chizhou (now Guichi, Anhui), and they thrived between Huangshan Mountain and the Yangtze River. The Cheng family in Henan moved south, which opened the Cheng family in Wuxian and Chizhou. Cheng moved from Chizhou to Xiaogan, Hubei.

During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty (113l-1162), Cheng Youzhi, a native of Luoyang, Henan Province, lived in Guilin and was buried here after his death. Children and grandchildren live in the local area, and they also have the footprints of Cheng people in Guangxi. Cheng Jiong, a native of Ningling (now Henan), moved his family to Yuyao, Shaoxing (now Zhejiang) and founded the East Zhejiang School. In the Song Dynasty, there was Cheng Mai, who was called a native of Guizhou Province in history, and was a bachelor from Xianmoge. It can be seen that there were also people named Cheng in Guizhou at that time. The Yuan Dynasty went to court with Fanchang in Guiyang today, and there were also people named Cheng among the local ethnic minorities.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the country was unified and society was relatively stable. Cheng Yi's ninth grandson, Ye Cheng, returned to Luoyang from Chizhou to guard the graves of his ancestors. His descendants later moved to Taikang and Xiayi in eastern Henan and Heze and Shan County in Shandong. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Cheng Xizhe, a native of Yingshan (now Hubei), moved to Xiaogan (now Hubei) to escape the war and became the "Yimen".

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Chengnan moved to Fujian and Guangdong. Cheng became the ancestor of Fujian because he officially entered the customs. His brother Cheng lives in Zhangpu. After the success, Cheng Qujue moved from Liangshan in Zhangpu to Houmen Mountain in Zhao 'an, which was the ancestor of Zhao 'an. Then move to Guangdong and other places.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the surname Cheng multiplied rapidly, and the population increased greatly, and it was constantly migrating, distributed in various provinces including Taiwan Province Province, and many ethnic minorities also had people named Cheng. In Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Hebei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei and other places, there are many sects. Because Neo-Confucianism occupies a prominent position in the ideological and academic field, Cheng's surname in Henan and Anhui regions also enjoys many honors.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the imperial court and local governments carried out some organized relocations, and some people were moved from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas due to war or famine, so as to facilitate the development of production, increase taxes and ensure people's lives. For example, immigrants from Shanxi to Henan, "Huguang fills Sichuan". Some scholars named Cheng also moved to other areas to establish their own homes. In addition, there are some family members of Cheng who left voluntarily or forced for various reasons. Open your hometown and make a living in a different place. For example, Cheng Xin, a native of Xiuning (now Anhui), settled in Hejian (now Hebei) in the early Ming Dynasty. As a result of this migration, many new sects were formed, which made the population of Cheng surname more widely distributed.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Cheng family in Henan moved frequently because of family reproduction and population increase. He 'nan Chengjia is called authentic because of the appearance of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers. Cheng Deyong is Cheng Yi's ninth grandson. The second son, Cheng Shaozu, moved to Shan County, Shandong Province in the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), and the third son, Zunzu, moved to Chengdazhuang, Xiayi, Henan Province. Cheng Shishou, the eighteenth grandson of Cheng Yi, moved to Shangcai, Henan Province, Cheng Xinsheng, the nineteenth grandson, moved to Chenglou, Shan County, Shandong Province, and Cheng Zongchang, the twentieth grandson, fled the war in the late Ming Dynasty and moved to Heshuo, and returned to his hometown after his hometown was settled. It can be seen that the migration of descendants of the Cheng family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was one of the highlights.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were also people named Cheng among Manchu, Hui and ethnic minorities in Yunnan and Guizhou. For example, in the fourth year of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty (137 1), Cheng, the leader of Guizhou ethnic minorities, was attached to the court. Cheng Min, a native of the Qing Dynasty, wore a red and yellow flag. His father, Lausa, was the Minister of State of the imperial court. Among Hui people in Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan and other places, there are also some surnamed Cheng. During this period, many people with other surnames changed their surnames to Cheng and joined the Cheng crowd. According to Records of Huarong County in Ming Dynasty, Huarong was born in Cheng Wan Li (now Hunan), and was admitted to the imperial examination in Tianshun Ding Chou's year (457), and served as assistant minister of the Ministry of War. His ancestor, whose real name was Chen, was filial piety in Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). His great-grandfather Chen Antai was the general manager of Jingzhou Road (now Jiangling, Hubei Province) in Yuan Dynasty and moved to Jingzhou with his family. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Hong Wunian asked his grandfather Ke Rang to move from Jingzhou to Huarong and change his surname to Cheng.

In the Qing Dynasty, due to the continuous reproduction and spread of Cheng's family, Cheng's literati began to live in the frontier. For example, Cheng, a native of Jingdong, Yunnan, the southwest border of the motherland, was a scholar during the Qianlong period, and served as a political envoy in Henan, and the official was the assistant minister. There is Cheng in Putian County, Fujian Province, and Zeng Ancha in Yunnan Province. In the hinterland of our country, many tribes have formed. According to the relevant literature, there are 98 schools of Cheng surname in China. Among them, there are 18 schools in Henan, 12 schools in Shanxi, 4 schools in Shaanxi, 2 schools in Shandong, 3 schools in Anhui, 2 schools in Jiangxi and 3 schools in Zhejiang. This kind; The records are incomplete, and many provinces and regions still miss the Cheng tribe.

The Cheng family in Henan Province is divided into eighteen schools, namely, Jiyuan School with Cheng Xiu as its ancestor, Jiyuan School with Cheng Shihe as its ancestor, Meng Xian School with Cheng Yan as its ancestor, Yanshi School with Cheng Zhen as its ancestor, Dengfeng Chengcun School with Cheng Jizhai as its ancestor, Dengfeng Nanxiang School with Cheng Yan as its ancestor. Qinyang School with Cheng Ziru as its ancestor, Xiangfu School with Cheng Tai as its ancestor, Tanghe School with Cheng as its ancestor, Yongning School with Cheng Tiangui as its ancestor, Suizhou School with Cheng Middle School as its ancestor, and Weishi School with Tao as its ancestor.

The Cheng family in Shanxi is divided into twelve schools, namely, the school with Cheng Xinlin as its ancestor (now southwest Yongji), the Yuci school with Cheng as its ancestor, the Zezhou school with Cheng as its ancestor (now Jincheng), the Qingyuan school with Cheng Fu as its ancestor, the Taigu school with Cheng Yanxing as its ancestor, the Wanquan school with Cheng Shifu as its ancestor, and the Linjin school with Cheng Shifu as its ancestor.

The Cheng family in Shaanxi is divided into four schools, namely Chang 'an (Jin 'an) school with Cheng Gu as its ancestor, Chang 'an Neipai with Cheng Yu as its ancestor, Hancheng school with Cheng Xinshi as its ancestor, and Hue school with Cheng Xinshi as its ancestor.

The Cheng family in Shandong is divided into longevity school with Cheng as its ancestor and Jining school with Cheng as its ancestor.

Anhui Chengjia is divided into three schools, namely, Lu 'an School with Cheng Quan as its ancestor, Lingbi School with Cheng Hui as its ancestor, and Guixi School with Cheng Hui as its ancestor.

Cheng family in Jiangxi is divided into Nanchang school with Cheng's father as its ancestor and Poyang school with Cheng as its ancestor.

Zhejiang Cheng family is divided into three factions, starting from Cheng; The ancestor of Baisha (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) school, the ancestor of Shaoxing school, and the ancestor of Jiankang school.

■ Today's Cheng surname distribution

There are many provinces and regions in China, including Henan, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Shandong, Guangdong, Gansu and Ningxia. Here is a detailed introduction to the counties and cities with more residents.

Henan Province: Songxian, Yichuan, Luoning, Yanshi, Taikang, Lushan, Jiyuan, Mengxian, Dengfeng, Lankao, Qinyang, Kaifeng, Tanghe, hua county, Suixian, Weishi, Lushi, Xiayi, Xiuwu and Gongyi.

Shanxi Province: Yuci, Zezhou, Qingyuan, Taigu, Wanquan, Linjin, Jiangzhou, Moucheng, Taiping, Wenshui, Fenzhou and Leping;

Anhui Province: Xiuning, yi county, Jixi, Qimen, Shexian, Guixi, Lu 'an, Lingbi, etc.

Zhejiang Province: Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Chun 'an, Jiande, Qinxian, Yuyao, etc.

Jiangsu Province: Changshu, Wujin, Wuxian, Wujiang, Jurong, Fengxian, etc.

Hubei Province: Xiaogan, Huanggang, Macheng, Luotian, Jiayu, Hanyang, Suizhou, etc.

Shandong Province: Dong 'e, Heze, Cao County, Shan County, Jining, Changqing, etc.

Guangdong Province: Meizhou, Heyuan, Zhongshan, Chaozhou, Haifeng, Huiyang and Yangjiang;

Shaanxi Province: Chang 'an, Hancheng, Hue, Liquan, Xianyang, Hanzhong, etc.

Hebei Province: Jize, Lixian, Handan, Quzhou, etc.

Jiangxi Province: Wuyuan, Dexing, Jiujiang, Leping, Nanchang, etc.

Hunan Province: Huarong, Liling, Chenzhou, Zixing, Guidong, etc.

Sichuan Province: Meishan, Qionglai, Yibin, Yunyang, etc.

Gansu Province: Jingchuan, Huining, etc.

Ningxia: Guyuan, Lingwu and so on.

■ Historical celebrities

Cheng Miao: A native of Xiadu (now southwest of Shaanxi) in Qin Dynasty, he was the founder of Lishu, a former prison officer and an imperial censor. After ten years' accumulation, he transformed Da Zhuan into a 300-word official script, which made China's writing stereotyped and cultural communication developed, and made considerable contributions.

Cheng Zheng: During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Cheng who lived in the State of Jin. He first served as the riding royal of the Duke of Jin, and was deeply loved by the Duke of Jin, and later became one of the "six Qing" in the State of Jin.

Cheng Ying: A well-known righteous man in the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. The drama Orphan of Zhao shows his deeds.

Cheng Ben: A native of Jin at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. He is famous for his erudition, good discussion and gathering disciples to give lectures. I also met Confucius and wrote Zi Huazi.

Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, the founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, are known as "Er Cheng" in the world. Because they are all from Luoyang, Henan, their school is called "Luoxue". His theory was later inherited and developed by Dali scholar Zhu, who founded a neo-Confucianism system, which is internationally known as "Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism".

Cheng: A native of Beijing, Guangzhou, Sanyuan (now Shaanxi), a eunuch in the Tang Dynasty, was deeply favored by several generations. The official was an ancient general of a title of generals in ancient times, and the marshal was sentenced to March on Sima and completely ban soldiers.

Cheng Zhijie: A native of Dong 'e, Jeju, Sui Dynasty, joined the Wagang Army led by Li Mi at the end of Sui Dynasty. Later, he returned to the Tang Dynasty and served as the secretariat of qi zhou.

Post it.

Cheng Xia: Counselor of Zhao after Sixteen Kingdoms. Ceng Li Changle satrap, Yuzhi Island, general Ning Shuo, supervised the military affairs of seven counties in Jizhou. On behalf of Zhang Bin for the right long history chief.

Cheng Pu: Tugen, Beiping (now Feng Rundong, Hebei Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu was a general who fought against bandits. He first came from Sun Jian, and later helped Sun Quan to govern the south of the Yangtze River. In order to crusade against Dong Zhuo and pacify Jiangdong, he made great contributions. In 208 AD, he and Zhou Yu defeated Cao Cao in Chibi, and were once named the satrap of Jiangxia (now Sun Yicheng, Hubei).

Ceng Cheng: A native of Nanchang, Zhang Yu (now Jiangxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he studied the Spring and Autumn Annals of Yan and taught hundreds of people. He wrote more than 100 books and compiled chapters and sentences of Mencius.

Cheng Xiang, a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province, was a famous seal engraver and painter in Qing Dynasty. He likes to use Qin and Han dynasty seals, simple and honest. He is one of the representative writers of Huizhou School. Painting landscapes, making good use of dry pen and thirst for ink, is vast and simple, and has its own style.

Cheng Changgeng: A native of Qianshan, Anhui Province, was a famous Peking Opera actor in Qing Dynasty. He played the old Peking Opera, blending Hui tune, Han tune and Kunqu opera in one furnace, and made great contributions to the formation of the singing and performing arts of the old Peking Opera.

Cheng Zhengqi: a native of Xiaogan, Hubei Province, was a famous painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He is good at poetry and painting, and his landscape paintings are painted with bare pens and rich colors.

Cheng: Xiuning (now Anhui), a writer in Ming Dynasty, is as famous as Li Dongyang, and once served as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites.

Cheng Jiasui: Xiuning (now Anhui) was a famous poet and painter in Ming Dynasty.

■ Introduction to Cheng Family Tree

Fine tuning spectrum

It is said that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Cheng Ben, a native of the State of Jin, had compiled a genealogy of the family. In the Western Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. Situ Chengtai wrote "Editing and proofreading wang xing", which is an earlier genealogy of Cheng. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cheng Jian, the son of Cheng Yu, once "returned to the county to repair the score". After Jinshi moved south, there was something called Jiangnan; "Hundred Genealogy", including Cheng.

There was a man in the Tang Dynasty who began to make textual research on the genealogy of the Cheng family, and the content was informative, which was called "History of Belief". During the Song Dynasty, Cheng Hao, a native of Poyang (now Poyang, Jiangxi), was loyal to Yan and wrote Genealogy of Cheng Family. Southern Song Dynasty; Cheng Sheng is the grandson of Cheng Yi, a famous philosopher. He is very rich; Only learn. He has compiled eight volumes of Yichuan Anthology and one volume of Yichuan Genealogy. In the seventeenth year of Jiading (1224), Shi Ren was the secretariat of Chizhou (now Guichi, Anhui Province), and once presented the genealogy of Cheng's family to the court, so the emperor decreed that Sun Chengguan, the fourth son of Cheng Yi, was appointed as the acting official. The genealogy of Cheng family was revised frequently in Yuan Dynasty. But before the Song and Yuan Dynasties, most of Cheng's genealogy had been lost.

There are many genealogies of the Cheng family compiled in Ming Dynasty. The extant genealogies with high value are mostly written by Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli in the late Ming Dynasty. The more important ones are Xin 'an Cheng Family Tree, Henan Cheng Family Tree, Henan Cheng Family Tree and Cheng Family Travel. During this period, the revision of music has developed from a family Sect in a certain area to a large-scale or even national "unified music".

The genealogy of the Cheng family, which was revised and continued in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, exists in large numbers, mostly handwritten or printed, which has been passed down to this day and is no longer mentioned one by one.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the break of the patriarchal clan system, it is rare for families to settle down and continue their genealogy. In recent years, it has been restored in some areas. For example, 1996- 1997, the newly revised genealogy of Cheng family in Guangdong Wuhua and Heyuan Chungang.

The existing genealogy of the Cheng family, except for a few scattered in folk and private collections, is mostly collected by libraries all over the world. In the cultural center or archives. Beijing Library is the largest library in China, with more than 40 kinds of books on Cheng's genealogy, and Shanghai Library has more books. China Genealogy Catalogue (Shanxi People's Publishing House, 199Z edition) contains 39 kinds of Cheng's genealogy, with a total of 222 volumes. If divided by region, Anhui Province has the largest number of 24 species, followed by Jiangsu Province with 6 species, Hubei Province with 4 species, and Hunan Province and Shandong Province with one species and another. The existing genealogy of the Cheng family in China is far more than these, and many provinces with concentrated population of the Cheng family, such as Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Zhejiang and other provinces, are not included.

The main contents of genealogy

Judging from the existing names of Cheng's genealogy books, there are Jia Cheng, Genealogy, Genealogy, Genealogy, Genealogy, Genealogy, Genealogy, Biography and Hometown Records. Most of the names include names of counties, schools and ancestors to distinguish them from other genealogies, and some also add the words "continuation" and "continuation".

Although the genealogy of Cheng family is different in complexity and simplicity, it is basically the same as other surnames in content, including preface, examples, family lineage, family laws and regulations, ancestor behavior, family documents and so on. Family lineage is the central content of genealogy, and it is necessary for genealogy books.

There are two kinds of prefaces: self-preface and heteropreface. The preface was written by the composer himself, and most of his prefaces were written by local officials or celebrities. The preface generally includes the following contents:

1. expounds the division and spread of factions since ancient times,

2. Explain the compilation of previous music books. Some prefaces also include examples of music editing, reasons, purposes and hardships of work. As for the preface written by others, in addition to the above contents, there are often words of praise and hope for genealogists.

An example is the origin of genealogy. It clearly defines the style, structure, content, object, terminology and writing format of the spectrum.

In the lineage part, the origin of the family is generally defined first, and then the deeds of the people of each tribe are described in detail. It not only records the names of clans, but also explains people's sects and generations through messages.

Family laws and regulations are rules and regulations used to restrain the words and deeds of all family members. The patriarch used it to manage his people and develop a family fashion.

The good words, good deeds and brilliant achievements of ancestors are mostly written in the form of biographies or praises. Anyone in this family who has commendable virtue, loyalty, knowledge, articles and achievements should be recorded for him to encourage future generations.

The content of family literature is quite extensive. Including the government's recognition and praise of the family and its members, such as imperial edicts, imperial edicts, etc.; It also includes quotations and excerpts from family members. These are the pride of family members, so they are reflected in the genealogy.

■ Cheng surname generation

According to Shicheng's Authentic Genealogy of Shicheng in Luo Yi, Shicheng's lineage began with Sun Chengzi, the 13th son of Chengyi, with 32 generations:

"Yan Sike, the heart. Easy to pick up, Ji Luo Zhangming. Yu Xiu Guangyuan, Xiangyuan dry. The source pushes its industry and flows for thousands of years. "

In the seventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1868), the genealogy of Cheng family in Henan Province was revised and included in the cross generation order:

"Building the Party as a teacher, Kewen Guangyao, cautious and meticulous, respecting the province and celebrating everything with Thailand."

The Cheng family in Wuhua and Heyuan, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, composed a five-character song with the 43rd song written by the ancestor Cheng Chui:

"From generation to generation, Neo-Confucianism must be first, filial piety should be appropriate, and Chongwen should be good."

Then lasted for twenty generations-word:

"Yan Yi rich and powerful, he knows everything. The character is noble and noble, and the prosperity rises. "

In order to make the clan members not feel that the above-mentioned "righteousness" is insufficient or taboo, etc., forty words have been determined, which correspond to the above-mentioned forty "righteousness" one by one. If the positive words are not suitable, you can take the "negative words". These forty words are:

"State light its Yu Pei, trillion JiFu delay. In the open Meiji Qi Long, the spirit of dedication will soar. Being diligent in practice and competition, and constantly thinking is far-reaching. Chimelong is honorable and Qian Qiu is happy. "

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the indifference of clan concept, people named their children, and most of them no longer stipulated according to their generation. Therefore, it is difficult to know the seniority of a person named Cheng from his name now. Due to the barrier of ancient mountains and rivers and inconvenient transportation, the generation characters of different regions and different clans are not unified.