Question 2: How are avalanches formed? When the cohesion inside the snow on the hillside can't resist the gravity it receives, it slides down, causing a large number of snow bodies to collapse. People call this natural phenomenon an avalanche.
Question 3: What is the cause of the avalanche? Avalanche is a kind of surface ice and snow migration process that all snow-capped mountains have. Under the action of gravity, they constantly collapse from the heights of the mountain along the hillside. When they collapse, the speed can reach 20-30 meters per second, and the volume can reach hundreds of cubic meters, thousands of cubic meters, or even more. Avalanches move downward from a height with great potential energy, such as falling or sliding down from a height of 6000 meters, so they are extremely fast and even form an air cushion layer. If you are lucky enough to lie under it, you may be left in place without being hit by it when it "floats" over you or "flies" out of date. Of course, due to the rapid impact, a strong air billow will be formed at its front end, so sometimes the avalanche itself has not arrived, and air billow has washed away all the obstacles on the road.
Question 4: Conditions for Avalanches: Avalanches occur regularly. Most avalanches occur in winter or spring, with heavy snowfall. Especially before and after the snowstorm. At this time, the snow is very soft and the adhesion is relatively small. Once a small piece is destroyed, the rest will be like a loose sand or domino, which will have a chain reaction and slide down quickly. In spring, due to the long thawing period and rising temperature, the surface of the snow melts, and the snow water will penetrate into the depths of the snow layer drop by drop, which will loosen the originally solid snow, greatly reducing the cohesion and fracture strength between the snow layers and making the snow layer easy to slide. The severity of avalanche depends on the amount of snow, temperature, slope direction, especially the slope. The most terrible avalanches often occur on slopes with a gradient of 25 ~ 50. If the mountain is too steep, it will not form enough thick snow, and it is unlikely to produce avalanches if it leans on the hillside.
Avalanches, like floods, are a recurring phenomenon, that is, if an avalanche occurs somewhere, it is entirely possible that it will come back soon. Every snow, every year or every century, avalanches may occur in the same place, which depends on the topographic characteristics of the hillside and some climatic factors.
The number of avalanches is also closely related to climate and topography. Winter snow and avalanches in the central Tianshan Mountains often block mountain roads. Frequent avalanches in Nyainqentanglha Mountain and Hengduan Mountain are one of the important sources of modern glacier development. Choosing the right climbing time in this area is very demanding. At the same time, in the mountainous areas such as Kunlun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain and Qilian Mountain near the inland of western China, there is relatively little precipitation, and there is no obvious difference between dry season and rainy season. There may be fewer avalanches, so it is more abundant to choose the right mountaineering time. In addition, the relative heights of these inland mountains are relatively low, generally at 1000- 1500m, so the slopes of the mountains are relatively gentle. The relative heights of Himalayas and Karakorum Mountains are 3000-4000 meters, even 5000-6000 meters, so the slopes are steep and the possibility and potential energy of avalanches are greater.
Avalanches also have laws of time and space. As far as the mountains in China are concerned, the mountains in the southwest border, such as Himalayas, Nyainqentanglha Mountain and Hengduan Mountain, are mainly controlled by the Indian Ocean monsoon. Except the rainy season (May-10) and the dry season (11-April), there is abundant precipitation all year round, and there is more snowfall in the upper part of the mountain in winter and spring. In addition, influenced by the polar air mass of the Arctic Ocean, Tianshan Mountain and Altai Mountain have more precipitation in winter and spring, so there are more avalanches this season.
Question 5: How to save yourself when an avalanche comes? Avalanche: It is a phenomenon that the mountain with perennial snow is out of balance due to external force, which leads to the sliding of snow blocks, which in turn causes more snow movement and makes a large amount of snow pour down instantly.
There is no warning before the avalanche, but it can be prevented.
For example, it is best not to go skiing in snow, fog, rain and sudden warming.
There is an avalanche. Don't panic. Calm down.
Run to both sides of the hillside, not down the hill. We can't run at the avalanche speed of 20-30m/s, or run to higher places where there are many trees and rocks trying to rush out of the snow flow basin.
If an avalanche is in sight, take a deep breath and hold your breath. If there are trees, rocks and solid objects, hold on tight (the avalanche has a strong impact airflow) and try not to be washed away by the snow flow.
If you are unfortunately caught in the snow flow, swim against the current, with your limbs up and stay on the surface of the snow flow to the maximum extent. The shallower the burial, the greater the chance of survival.
When the snow flow stops, cross your arms on your chest to create as much range as possible for your nose and chest to breathe.
If you are buried in the snow, try to break through it, because the longer the time, the harder the snow will be and the lower the chance of escape;
If it's almost useless to struggle, stop and keep your strength, wait for help and shout for help!
Question 6: How did this avalanche form? Why is it getting bigger and bigger? Snow is affected by gravity,
When the attraction between snow molecules is not strong enough, snow will collapse under the action of gravity.
Question 7: How are avalanches formed? Natural avalanches are mainly caused by strong winds, snowstorms or storms, heavy rains, heavy snow, exposure, severe cold, frost and earthquakes. Man-made reasons are that climbers are inexperienced, and they go into the avalanche area by mistake, and even cause sudden avalanches because people shout loudly and other sound vibrations on the mountain destroy the balance of the snow-covered environment. Climbers who cross the snow profile by building roads are more likely to cause instability of the snow above … and so on. According to the avalanche movement, it can be divided into point avalanche and area avalanche. Avalanches can be divided into dry snow avalanches and wet snow avalanches according to their types. According to experience, avalanches generally occur on snow slopes with a slope greater than 25 degrees; Most of the time occurs in the afternoon and evening. Avalanches are most likely to occur in rainy and snowy weather, especially in foggy, windy and stormy weather.
Question 8: What is the cause of the avalanche? Avalanche is a kind of surface ice and snow migration process that all snow-capped mountains have. Under the action of gravity, they constantly collapse from the heights of the mountain along the hillside. When they collapse, the speed can reach 20-30 meters per second, and the volume can reach hundreds of cubic meters, thousands of cubic meters, or even more. Avalanches move downward from a height with great potential energy, such as falling or sliding down from a height of 6000 meters, so they are extremely fast and even form an air cushion layer. If you are lucky enough to lie under it, you may be left in place without being hit by it when it "floats" over you or "flies" out of date. Of course, due to the rapid impact, a strong air billow will be formed at its front end, so sometimes the avalanche itself has not arrived, and air billow has washed away all the obstacles on the road.
Question 9: Conditions of Avalanches The occurrence of avalanches is regular. Most avalanches occur in winter or spring, with heavy snowfall. Especially before and after the snowstorm. At this time, the snow is very soft and the adhesion is relatively small. Once a small piece is destroyed, the rest will be like a loose sand or domino, which will have a chain reaction and slide down quickly. In spring, due to the long thawing period and rising temperature, the surface of the snow melts, and the snow water will penetrate into the depths of the snow layer drop by drop, which will loosen the originally solid snow, greatly reducing the cohesion and fracture strength between the snow layers and making the snow layer easy to slide. The severity of avalanche depends on the amount of snow, temperature, slope direction, especially the slope. The most terrible avalanches often occur on slopes with a gradient of 25 ~ 50. If the mountain is too steep, it will not form enough thick snow, and it is unlikely to produce avalanches if it leans on the hillside.
Avalanches, like floods, are a recurring phenomenon, that is, if an avalanche occurs somewhere, it is entirely possible that it will come back soon. Every snow, every year or every century, avalanches may occur in the same place, which depends on the topographic characteristics of the hillside and some climatic factors.
The number of avalanches is also closely related to climate and topography. Winter snow and avalanches in the central Tianshan Mountains often block mountain roads. Frequent avalanches in Nyainqentanglha Mountain and Hengduan Mountain are one of the important sources of modern glacier development. Choosing the right climbing time in this area is very demanding. At the same time, in the mountainous areas such as Kunlun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain and Qilian Mountain near the inland of western China, there is relatively little precipitation, and there is no obvious difference between dry season and rainy season. There may be fewer avalanches, so it is more abundant to choose the right mountaineering time. In addition, the relative heights of these inland mountains are relatively low, generally at 1000- 1500m, so the slopes of the mountains are relatively gentle. The relative heights of Himalayas and Karakorum Mountains are 3000-4000 meters, even 5000-6000 meters, so the slopes are steep and the possibility and potential energy of avalanches are greater.
Avalanches also have laws of time and space. As far as the mountains in China are concerned, the mountains in the southwest border, such as Himalayas, Nyainqentanglha Mountain and Hengduan Mountain, are mainly controlled by the Indian Ocean monsoon. Except the rainy season (May-10) and the dry season (11-April), there is abundant precipitation all year round, and there is more snowfall in the upper part of the mountain in winter and spring. In addition, influenced by the polar air mass of the Arctic Ocean, Tianshan Mountain and Altai Mountain have more precipitation in winter and spring, so there are more avalanches this season.
Question 10: How to save yourself when an avalanche comes? Avalanche: It is a phenomenon that the mountain with perennial snow is out of balance due to external force, which leads to the sliding of snow blocks, which in turn causes more snow movement and makes a large amount of snow pour down instantly.
There is no warning before the avalanche, but it can be prevented.
For example, it is best not to go skiing in snow, fog, rain and sudden warming.
There is an avalanche. Don't panic. Calm down.
Run to both sides of the hillside, not down the hill. We can't run at the avalanche speed of 20-30m/s, or run to higher places where there are many trees and rocks trying to rush out of the snow flow basin.
If an avalanche is in sight, take a deep breath and hold your breath. If there are trees, rocks and solid objects, hold on tight (the avalanche has a strong impact airflow) and try not to be washed away by the snow flow.
If you are unfortunately caught in the snow flow, swim against the current, with your limbs up and stay on the surface of the snow flow to the maximum extent. The shallower the burial, the greater the chance of survival.
When the snow flow stops, cross your arms on your chest to create as much range as possible for your nose and chest to breathe.
If you are buried in the snow, try to break through it, because the longer the time, the harder the snow will be and the lower the chance of escape;
If it's almost useless to struggle, stop and keep your strength, wait for help and shout for help!