Unemployment rate, as a barometer reflecting a country's macroeconomic development, indicates the current and future development of the country's economy, which will inevitably affect the formulation of monetary policy and have a major impact on the exchange rate.
Non-farm payroll employment The employment report data of the United States is released together with the unemployment rate. Usually the announcement time is Friday of the first week of each month.
at present, GNP is published quarterly in all countries, which shows the sum of all the production and services of all departments in the country in a period of time in monetary form. It is a comprehensive performance of different economic data and reflects the current economic development. At present, GDP is published quarterly in all countries, showing all the economic activities of the country in a certain period of time, including the profits generated by foreign companies investing and establishing subsidiaries in its territory. PPI shows the cost of commodity production (the change of the price of raw materials) and the change of commodity price in the future, thus affecting the change of consumer price and consumer psychology in the future.
The consumer price index CPI reflects the price changes that consumers currently spend on goods and services, and shows the changing situation of inflation, which is an important indicator for people to observe the inflation in this country. Personal income includes all income from wages and social welfare, which reflects the actual purchasing power level of individuals in this country and indicates the changes of consumers' demand for goods and services in the future.
Personal consumption expenditure includes personal expenditure on goods and services, and is an important indicator to measure residents' consumption expenditure. Consumer confidence index reflects the country's people's optimism about its economic development, and indicates the changes in future consumption expenditure.
Industrial Production index industrial production index reflects the total production of the country's production and manufacturing industries. Housing Starts is an index to measure the activity of the construction industry in this country. Because the construction industry is the leading industry in the economic development cycle, it indicates the future economic changes.
PMI is a barometer reflecting the comprehensive development of manufacturing industry in terms of production, orders, prices, employees, delivery, etc. Usually, 5% is taken as the dividing line. Above 5% is considered as the expansion of manufacturing industry, while below 5% means the economic contraction. National Purchasing Managers Association Index NAPM The purchasing managers' index of the United States and the purchasing managers' index of Chicago were released two days before and after.
the Retail Sales Index reflects the commodity transactions in the form of cash and credit cards in the retail industry excluding the service industry. Wholesale Price Index The wholesale price index reflects the wholesale prices of bulk materials excluding labor services, such as raw materials, intermediate goods, final products and import and export products.
foreign trade (trade balance) reflects the comparison between the total foreign trade income and the total foreign trade income in a period, that is, the inflow and outflow of money. Generally, the importance of this data to the exchange rates of various countries is Japan, Britain, the euro zone and the United States in turn. Factory Order reflects the demand of consumers, manufacturers or * * * for future commodity output.
Durable Good Orders refer to orders for non-perishable goods, such as vehicles and electrical appliances, which reflect the short-term production and investment expenditures of manufacturers. Equipment utilization Capacity Utilization The ratio of equipment utilization in industrial production. Usually, 8% of the equipment utilization rate is considered as the normal idleness of factories and equipment.
Current Account refers to the inflow and outflow of funds generated by the import and export of goods and services and investment between the country and foreign countries. Business Inventory reflects the demand for short-term credit in the business sector.
the increase of commercial inventory may lead to the rise of short-term interest rates and slow down economic development, indicating that the economy may enter a state of stagnation. Consumer Price Index, abbreviated as CPI in English, is a price change indicator that reflects the prices of products and services related to residents' lives, and is usually used as an important indicator to observe the level of inflation.
if the consumer price index rises too much, it shows that inflation has become an unstable factor in the economy, and the central bank will be at risk of tightening monetary and fiscal policies, which will lead to uncertain economic prospects. Therefore, the excessive increase of the index is often not welcomed by the market.
for example, in the past 12 months, the consumer price index rose by 2. 3%, which means that the cost of living is 2% higher than that of 12 months ago.
3%。 When the cost of living goes up, the value of your money goes down.
In other words, a 1 yuan paper money received a year ago can only be bought for 97% today. Goods and services in 7 yuan.
generally speaking, when CPI> 3% increase is called Inflation, which means inflation; And when CPI> 5% increase, we call it Serious Inflation, which means serious inflation. There are three main price indexes: consumer price index CPI(Consumer's Price Index), producer price index PPI (producer's price index) and GNP Deflator.
the calculation methods of the three price indices are basically the same, that is, the weighted average of the price changes of various commodities. However, the commodity basket selected in each price index calculation is different.
when calculating the consumer price index, the consumption basket of typical citizens is included in the commodity basket. Therefore, the consumer price index is also called the cost of living index.
when calculating the producer price index, the selected commodity basket contains production resources. The GNP reduction index is a more comprehensive index, and the commodity basket selected in its calculation includes both consumer goods and production resources.
It can be said that CPI is a synchronous economic indicator and PPI is a leading economic indicator. Generally speaking, the producer price index is three months to six months ahead of the economy, and consumers are three months to six months behind the economy.
CPI can show the current economic situation, while PPI can show the future economic situation. PPI calculates the price sold by the manufacturer, while CPI calculates the price purchased by the consumer.
in 1857, after studying the relationship between the income and food consumption expenditure of some households in western Europe at that time, the German statistician Engel put forward the view that the less a family's income, the greater the proportion of the total expenditure spent on food. This view.
2. Explanation of economic terms
The CEO and CFO explained it upstairs, so I won't explain it any more.
However, what I know about COF is the British black metal band. Cradle of filth, or COF for short. There is a single < < From cradle to enslaves> > ; It's very famous.
If you study computers, VC is a development environment. However, if you are in business, VC is the abbreviation of Venture Capital. Generally speaking, it means computer, that is p> PC(Personal puter). But I remember seeing PC when I was reading the customs declaration form. The names of materials such as PVC. I asked at that time, which probably means materials such as plastics. As for the economy, I have been immersed in economics for some years, and I have never heard of similar words.
It is best to find the place where you saw these abbreviations at that time, so as to give the most accurate answer. Of course, the best way, I learn by myself. Finally, GOOD LUCK.
3. Terms and explanations of economics
The following are some aspects of personal collection: personal capital explains 1. What are CPI, inflation, PPI and GNP deflators? Consumer Price Index, abbreviated as CPI in English, is a price change indicator that reflects the prices of products and services related to residents' lives, and is usually used as an important indicator to observe the level of inflation.
if the consumer price index rises too much, it shows that inflation has become an unstable factor in the economy, and the central bank will be at risk of tightening monetary and fiscal policies, which will lead to uncertain economic prospects. Therefore, the excessive increase of the index is often not welcomed by the market.
for example, in the past 12 months, the consumer price index rose by 2. 3%, which means that the cost of living is 2% higher than that of 12 months ago.
3%。 When the cost of living goes up, the value of your money goes down.
In other words, a 1 yuan paper money received a year ago can only be bought for 97% today. Goods and services in 7 yuan.
generally speaking, when CPI> 3% increase is called Inflation, which means inflation; And when CPI> 5% increase, we call it Serious Inflation, which means serious inflation. There are three main price indexes: consumer price index CPI(Consumer's Price Index), producer price index PPI (producer's price index) and GNP Deflator.
the calculation methods of the three price indices are basically the same, that is, the weighted average of the price changes of various commodities. However, the commodity basket selected in each price index calculation is different.
when calculating the consumer price index, the consumption basket of typical citizens is included in the commodity basket. Therefore, the consumer price index is also called the cost of living index.
when calculating the producer price index, the selected commodity basket contains production resources. The GNP reduction index is a more comprehensive index, and the commodity basket selected in its calculation includes both consumer goods and production resources.
It can be said that CPI is a synchronous economic indicator and PPI is a leading economic indicator. Generally speaking, the producer price index is three months to six months ahead of the economy, and consumers are three months to six months behind the economy.
CPI can show the current economic situation, while PPI can show the future economic situation. PPI calculates the price sold by the manufacturer, while CPI calculates the price purchased by the consumer.
2. What is Engel's coefficient? In 1857, after studying the relationship between the income and food consumption expenditure of some households in western Europe at that time, the German statistician Engel put forward the view that the less a family's income, the greater the proportion of the total expenditure used to buy food. This view is called "Engel's law", that is, Engel's coefficient.
expressed by the formula: Engel's coefficient (%) = (food expenditure ÷ total consumption expenditure) *1% Engel's law mainly expresses a certain trend that food expenditure accounts for total consumption expenditure and changes with income. The quantitative relationship and correlation between residents' income and food expenditure are revealed, and the influence of production development and income increase on living consumption is illustrated by the proportion of food expenditure to total consumption expenditure.
As we all know, eating is the first need of human survival, and it will inevitably occupy an important position in consumption expenditure when the income level is low. With the increase of income, when the food demand is basically met, the focus of consumption will begin to shift to clothing and use.
Therefore, the poorer a country or family lives, the greater the Engel coefficient; On the contrary, the richer the life, the smaller the Engel's coefficient. Once Engel's law and Engel's coefficient were put forward, they were widely accepted and confirmed by western economists, and they believed that they had universal applicability.
Engel's law and Engel's coefficient are concepts of western economics and statistics introduced to China earlier. Engel's coefficient is often used internationally to measure the living standards of people in a country or region.
according to the standards put forward by FAO, Engel's coefficient is above 59% for poverty, 5-59% for food and clothing, 4-5% for well-off, below 4% for wealth, and below 3% for the richest. In the west, personal consumption includes all expenses such as housing, medical care, sanitation and transportation.
but in China, especially in cities, free medical care, low rent and various subsidies such as food, fuel and water have had a certain impact on the consumption structure. Therefore, in comparative analysis, especially in international comparison and urban-rural comparison, we should eliminate incomparable factors.
When China uses this standard to compare international and urban and rural areas, it should take into account those incomparable factors, such as the difference in the price of consumer goods and the difference in residents' living habits, and pay attention to the calculation and analysis of policy impact and special factors arising from different social and economic systems. For these incomparable problems, we should eliminate them when analyzing and comparing them.
In addition, when observing the changes of historical situation, it should be noted that Engel's coefficient reflects a long-term trend, not an absolute trend of decreasing year by year. It is to seek a long-term trend by ironing out short-term fluctuations.
3. What is GDP? What is GNP? What's the difference between them? GDP is the abbreviation of "Gross Domestic Product" in English, that is, gross domestic product. It is a measure of the total amount of final products produced by all permanent units in a country (region) economy during the accounting period, and is often regarded as an important indicator to show the economic situation of a country (region).
the new added value in the production process includes the newly created value of workers and the wear value of fixed assets, but does not include the value as an intermediate input in the production process; In terms of physical composition, it is the final product produced in the current period, including products for consumption, accumulation and net export, but excluding various intermediate products consumed by other departments. There are three methods to calculate GDP: production method: GDP=∑ the total output of each industrial sector-∑ the intermediate consumption of each industrial sector: income method: GDP=∑ the remuneration of workers in each industrial sector+∑ the depreciation of fixed assets in each industrial sector+∑ the net production tax of each industrial sector+∑ the operating profit of each industrial sector; Expenditure method: GDP= total consumption+total investment+net export.
GNP is the market value