Zoroastriani (Persian: * * *) was the most influential religion in the Middle East before the birth of Christianity. It was the state religion of the ancient Persian Empire and also the religion of Central Asia and other places. Is the source of Manichaeism, which is called "xiān religion" in China.

Zoroastrianism is a religion popular in ancient Persia (present-day Iran) and Central Asia. China is known as Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrianism in history.

Zoroastrianism was the most influential religion in West Asia before the birth of Islam. The state religion of the ancient Persian Empire was once called "Zoroastrianism" by Muslims. Zoroastrianism is generally regarded as theological monotheism and philosophical dualism. The classic of Zoroastrianism is mainly Avista, which means knowledge, edict, or classic, and is commonly called Persian Classics. Basic introduction Chinese name: Zoroastriani mbth: English: Zoroastriani ***, Persian: Doctrine: creationism, dual view of cause and effect, etiquette: sacred fire rebirth ceremony, purification ceremony, classic works: Persian Classics, China architecture: religious creation, origin, development, religious theory, deism, creationism, Causality theory, dualism, Zulwan, religious view, theory of good deeds, main influence, religious etiquette, sacred fire ceremony, rebirth ceremony, purification ceremony, funeral, religious people, communication in China, literary works, religious founder Zarathustra (also translated as Zarathustra, 628-551 BC) is the founder of this religion. At the age of 3, inspired by God, he reformed the traditional polytheism and founded Zoroastrianism. However, he was persecuted by the priests of the traditional religion. Until the age of 42, the prime minister of the Persian Achemenid dynasty married his daughter and introduced him to the king. After that, Zoroastrianism spread rapidly in the summer. At the age of 77, he was killed in a temple during a war. Another view is that Zoroaster lived earlier, and Zoroastrianism was not initiated by him. He was just a master. The origin and development of the altar and clay sculpture of the Zoroastrian temple in the Great Summer in Guishuang era originated in the 2th century BC. Aryans belonging to Indo-European language family originally lived in the grassland area of Central Asia crossed the Hindu Kush mountain range at the junction of Afghanistan and Pakistan today and poured into the Iranian plateau and the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, creating their own culture and religion. Believing in many gods, especially Vulcan, and carrying out complicated sacrificial ceremonies. The worship of gods, which was first reflected in Jiatai, and the status of ahura mazda, the god of light or goodness, has become very important. The primitive religion in the early stage of development did not have a unique concept of "creator", but it gradually developed into a "god" among the gods. Later, the appearance of monotheism was directly related to the main content of polytheism in Aryan primitive religion: mitra worship. Mitra worship was one of the most important objects of worship in ancient times. Fire, light and sun worship all originated from Mitra worship, which was an early monotheistic worship outside the polytheism civilization in ancient Egypt. Some people think that the earliest monotheism in the world, the religious reform of Akhenaten (sometimes translated as Ikhnaton), has its influence. Of course, the evidence is not sufficient. Zoroastrianism is actually a reformed religious belief. It was not until the 6th century BC that Zoroaster really completed the monotheistic religious reform. Ahura Maz became the only, highest and uncreated God of Light, while its prototype Mitra was reduced to the representative of ahura mazda in the world. However, when Islam entered Persia later, it was not Zoroastrianism, the mainstream belief in Persia at that time, but the more ancient worship of Mithras. Faravahar marks that after Darius I, the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia, came to power in 522 BC, he worshiped ahura mazda exclusively in order to unify Persia, trying to belittle the clan deity Taiwa of the tribe. His successors, Thaci, followed the faith of Darius, and often called themselves the messengers of ahura mazda, claiming that the will of God declared the world through the emperor. According to textual research, Vestiba, the patron of Zoroaster, is the father of Darius, and Zoroaster also worships ahura mazda as the highest god. During the Achemenid dynasty, religion was controlled by the priest class, Ma Ge, who worshipped ahura mazda, opposed evil spirits and buried the dead in heaven. Therefore, some people associate Ma Ge with the Gatai, which reflects Zoroastrianism, and think that this religion developed on the basis of the beliefs around the Achaemenid dynasty. In the 4th century BC, after Alexander the Great conquered Persia, Persia entered the Hellenistic period, and Zoroastrianism suffered a heavy blow, but it revived around the first year of AD. In the Persian Pantheon, there appeared the mixed gods of Greece and Persia. Ahura mazda and his current god became the partners of Sun God and Moon God. During Roman rule, Mithra (the sun god), one of Zoroastrian gods, became the object of universal belief in the Mediterranean region. After the establishment of the Sassanian dynasty in Persia in the 3rd century A.D., Zoroastrianism flourished again and gained the status of state religion. All the kings of Sassanian are also leaders, claiming to be the chief priests of ahura mazda and the saviors of souls. They collected and sorted out the classics lost in the Hellenistic period and compiled Zent～Avesta, which made the teachings of this religion specific and clear. In the 5th century, under the leadership of Mazdak, some members of this religion carried out a social and religious reform. From 491 to 529, there were large-scale and continuous uprisings in Persia and Azerbaijan. Sassanian dynasty successively adopted the policy of deception and coercion, and the uprising was finally suppressed. In the 7th century AD, the Sassanian dynasty died of Muslims. At first, the caliph showed tolerance to Zoroastrians and allowed them to keep their beliefs after paying taxes according to law; Several years later, Zoroastrians were forced to convert to Islam. The Christians who remain in Persia are called Gabal (pagans). Part of it entered the mainland of China through the Western Regions (now Xinjiang), which made this religion prevail in the Western Regions in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Many people mistakenly confuse Zoroastrianism with Manichaeism. In fact, the three are of the same origin, but their teachings are different or even slightly conflicting. Just like Judaism, Christianity and Catholicism. According to the statistics in the 197s, there are about 17, people, who are distributed in Yeste and Germont in southern Iran. Another group of Christians moved from Persia in the early 8th century to ancient Zarathustra and other places on the west coast of India, but lost contact with Gabal and resumed contact after the mid 15th century. After the 17th century, they formed a unique social group near Mumbai, known as the Parsi people. According to the statistics in 198s, there are about 1, Parsis, most of whom are engaged in industry and commerce, which have an important influence on India's economic life. The God of Religious Theory holds that Ahura Mazda (meaning "the Lord of Wisdom") is the supreme god, the all-knowing and all-powerful creator of the universe, with virtues such as light, life and creation, and also the embodiment of heaven, order and truth. Mazda created both the material world and the fire, that is, "infinite light", so Zoroastrianism regards worshipping fire as their sacred duty. Dunhuang line drawing: ahura mazda, the goddess of good and evil in Zoroastrianism, is the highest god of Zoroastrianism, also known as Ormuzd. Ahura mazda is a good god representing light in the dualism of good and evil. He fought with Ahriman, an evil god representing darkness, for a long time and finally won. The theory of creation is divided into seven stages: sky, water, earth, plants, animals, humans and fire. In order to fight, ahura mazda created the world and people, and first created fire. Zoroaster's birth was the result of the victory of ahura mazda, a good god. Zoroaster gave birth to a son every 1 years, and he appointed the third son as the savior, so as to completely eliminate the devil and make mankind enter the "kingdom of light, justice and truth". According to Genesis, one of the classics of this religion, it is said that the Er Shen of good and evil has existed in the universe since ancient times, with a void in the middle, and the two struggled with each other, so the process of creation began. The myth of this religion divides world history into four stages, each of which is 3 years and ***12 years. In the first stage (the first 3 years), ahura mazda created the spiritual world, but there was no material form, all of which were prototypes. In the second stage (3-6), the two sides fought in the material world, and Angela Manuel killed the original cow. The bone marrow of the original cow produced plants, and its "species" were purified to produce beneficial animals. Later, he killed the primitive man Gayumat, whose body turned into metal, and his "species" were purified and preserved. Forty years later, the first pair of male and female ancestors of human beings were born, which were like rhubarb (a perennial herb), hugging each other closely and reproducing human beings, but they were seduced by evil gods and degenerated. In the third stage (6 ~ 9), Mazda and Angela Manuel fought fiercely, and both won and lost. In the 9th year, Zoroaster was born according to the will of a good god. Its birth marked that the world would enter a new period, and it would preach this religion, lead people to fight against darkness and curb evil gods. In the fourth stage (9 ~ 12), Zoroastrianism will spread all over the world and continue its struggle. In order to save the world, Zoroaster's third son will be born at the end of this stage and become the incarnation of righteousness, that is, the "Savior". He will thoroughly eliminate the devil, win the final victory, and lead mankind into the country of light, justice and truth, which is the highest ideal of this religion. These myths were later inherited by other religions, such as the coming of the savior of Judaism and the establishment of an ideal Millennium kingdom. Causality theory holds that in the struggle between good and evil, people have their own free will on which side they stand. Good is rewarded with good, evil with evil, and how to be treated after death depends on the piety and personal performance of worshipping Mazda before his death. The teaching also divides the activities before life into three categories: thought, speech and action. There are two kinds of good and evil in each category, and they are associated with heaven and hell. "Good deeds are rewarded with good deeds, and evil deeds with evil deeds". Those who do good will gradually enter the kingdom of heaven, first into the heaven of good thoughts, then into the heaven of good words, then into the heaven of good deeds, and finally into the tomorrow of light, that is, the eternal heaven. The religion also believes in reincarnation. It is said that after death, a person's soul stays on his corpse for four days to check his life's thoughts, words and deeds. On the fourth day, he enters the bridge of judgment and is guarded by dogs. If he is a good person, he will be greeted by a girl and led to the road to heaven. If you are an evil person, you will be greeted by a female ghost, and you will lead it to hell and suffer from destruction forever. This shows that this religion has sprouted as a world religion, and the salvation of believers is not innate, but depends on their beliefs, thoughts, speeches and actions before their death. There are two kinds of trials: one is that on the third day after death, a goddess named Daena is taken to the "bridge of judges" for trial. Daena means conscience. After the trial, good people go to heaven, while evil people go to hell, while people with mixed good and evil go to the third place, which is dark, without happiness or sadness. The second is that all souls will be judged for the last time at the end of the world, and human souls can be resurrected by swinging away evil. Zoroastrianism in dualism is neither monotheistic nor polytheistic, but a unique dualistic religion. Its religion believes that good and evil are constantly struggling, and the end result is that good wins the final victory. According to the book of Genesis (Bundahis, Bundahishn), at the beginning of development, there were two major reasons, spirit and things, which worked together to form the world, and these two reasons also stipulated our human destiny. Good people are given a happy heart and enter heaven, while evil people are given a painful heart and fall into hell. After the creation of the world, these two reasons resigned conscientiously, and then the two principles of good and evil appeared, and each divided its field, so the world turned into a place where good and evil kept fighting, and the world actually became a battle between the good god ahura mazda (Ormezde) and the evil god Angora Manuel (Ahriman). This process lasted for 12, years. In the first 3 years, the bright world of Ahura coexisted with the dark world of Angola, separated by void. Then the latter attacked the bright world, and the creation process began. In the second 3 years, Ahura predicted the future and agreed that the two sides would continue to struggle for 9 years; Angola can only learn from the past and agree to this agreement. Ahura also predicted that the end of the struggle would be the destruction of the dark world, and Angola panicked and fell into the dark world, which has been paralyzed. Ahura then created the sky, the stars, the moon, the sun, etc., and finally the original cow and the primitive man (Gayomart). Angola is attacking again. It creates poisonous snakes and all kinds of pests. It kills the original cow. The bone marrow of the original cow gives birth to plants on the ground; The seeds of the original cattle give birth to all kinds of beneficial animals. It killed primitive people. The seeds of primitive people were hidden in the ground, and rhubarb was born 4 years later. From rhubarb, a pair of partners, Mashya and Mashyana, were the ancestors of human beings, so they began to scuffle. In this struggle between good and evil, people have the freedom to choose their own path, or participate in the kingdom of good with good thoughts, good words and good deeds, or on the contrary, participate in the kingdom of evil, and each will be rewarded after death. After death, it is easy for a good person to cross the Chinvat and enter an infinitely bright paradise. When the wicked cross the bridge, the deck becomes as thin as a blade, and they fall into hell and suffer as much as their sins; Those whose good deeds cancel out their evil deeds stay in the "Hamestaghan" without pain or happiness. Three thousand years after the beginning of this man's world, Zoroaster appeared and taught mankind with good religion. This is the remaining 3 years. At the end of each 1 years, there is a savior, Soshyan, who was born from Zoroaster's * * * hidden in the lake. When the last of the three Suoshiyang appeared and fought, heroes and demons in historical legends were resurrected to fight. In the end, all the dead came back to life. The comet Gotchihr landed on the earth and ignited a fire, and all the metals melted into slurry, forming a hot torrent. All people, the living and the dead, have to spend the flood, and the good are like bathing in warm milk, tested and purified into heaven. The gods and demons fought the last battle, and the result was the failure and elimination of the latter, and the devil fell into the dark abyss forever; The land is vast and the purified world is peaceful and quiet, which is a great renewal for Flache Card. Therefore, Zoroastrianism takes fire as the incarnation of god of light Ahura, so its vulgarity takes worship of fire as the manifestation of worshipping God. Zoroaster's dualism has influenced Manichaeism, Semitic religion, Judaism, pagan Gnosticism in Christianity, Pythagoras and Heraclitus in Greek and Roman philosophy to varying degrees. According to the above-mentioned theory of the origin of the universe, Zulwan said that the world was binary from the beginning, and there was no explanation of the origin of the two, that is to say, the origin problem was not really solved. Therefore,