(1) Conduct credit surveys with the help of a sound personal credit system. The United States has formed a perfect personal credit system and a developed credit intermediary industry on the basis of more than one hundred years of consumer credit. In the United States, card-issuing banks usually rely on credit reporting agencies to complete credit investigations. Credit reporting agencies in the United States have formed a huge industry and branches, covering the whole country and overseas. The three major credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian and Trans Union) have formed a full-fledged trend, collecting the credit records of nearly 200 million adults in the United States and selling more than 600 million consumer credit reports every year. All credit agencies, banks and retailers have realized computer networking, and the online response time of a credit inquiry does not exceed a few seconds. There are also some companies in the United States that specialize in collecting personal socio-economic background data, providing an important basis for card-issuing banks to understand personal credit. The perfect personal credit system has laid a solid foundation for the development and risk prevention of American credit card industry.

In some countries, card-issuing banks conduct credit surveys with the help of professional credit audit institutions. For example, before issuing credit cards, all card-issuing banks in Germany require the Credit Protection Association (Schufa) to investigate the applicant's credit status. If the applicant refuses to be investigated, he will not be able to get a credit card. Schufa's investigation contents include the applicant's income level, insurance coverage, past loans, whether there are illegal records, bankruptcy records and so on. There are three credit information audit institutions in Britain. If customers have a history of credit card fraud, they will be blacklisted and published on the intranet, which will restrict them from handling credit cards and other credit businesses.

(2) Establish an effective personal credit evaluation mechanism. The American Credit Bureau is a file and clearing house for adult credit information. They only provide information in time when financial institutions review credit applications, and they do not evaluate this information themselves, let alone participate in credit decision-making. Therefore, the issuing bank must also have a set of personal credit evaluation mechanism, based on the credit report, to assess the credit card applicant's repayment willingness and repayment ability. The core of American personal credit evaluation is the evaluation of credit score, that is, credit score. Credit score is a dynamic number, which is essentially a portrayal of consumer credit risk at a certain moment. The five types of credit information used in credit scoring are: 1. Personal bankruptcy record, mortgage seizure, debt default, loans overdue; 2. Outstanding debts; 3. The length of credit history; 4. The number of inquiries about new loan applications in the past year; 5. The type of credit used, that is, what kinds of credit cards are available. The credit score is determined by both favorable materials and unfavorable records. Credit score gives different values to each index, which is formed by weighted summation. Credit score is to predict the possibility of future repayment according to the applicant's past credit record, which provides an objective and consistent evaluation method for banks. The evaluation work is completed automatically by computer, which helps to overcome the interference of human factors and prevent one-sidedness.

(three) the implementation of large consumption audit system. According to French law, banks should implement a "multi-level review" system according to the amount paid by customers. Cardholders do not need to be audited when purchasing small items. If you buy more than 50 euros, banks must check their credit cards and ID cards. If it exceeds 500 euros, the bank needs to conduct more than two reviews. When German consumers spend more than a certain amount with credit cards, merchants have the right to ask them to show their ID cards, passports and other documents. For transactions with a particularly large amount, the seller is allowed to access the details of the cardholder through the Credit Protection Association to ensure the security of the transaction.

(4) Establish an advanced early warning system. The United States has established an early warning center called "Internet Fraud Alert" to observe abnormal credit card transactions and share early warning information between financial institutions and card issuers. HSBC uses special anti-fraud management software to monitor and analyze customer data, transaction records, capital flow and other information to reveal the hidden relationship behind the transaction. Most banks in France are connected to two information networks, namely "French Bank Information Network" and "Bank Card Alliance Information Network". Through data networking, banks can check the capital flow of credit card payment at any time. Germany has launched a credit card fraud alarm system, through which the police will promptly notify the bank card network operators and retailers of the lost or stolen bank card information, and then quickly confirm the identity of the cardholder and seize the stolen card.

(5) Seriously investigate and deal with illegal acts. France stipulates that if the cardholder is suspected of financial fraud or illegal overdraft, the bank can temporarily freeze his account. If the cardholder fails to give a reasonable explanation or make amends within one week, it can be considered that he has lost his credit, his credit card will be confiscated, and he is prohibited from applying for any credit card within one year thereafter. In Singapore, cardholders will be severely punished if they fail to pay off their credit card debts on time. Banks usually pay interest at an annual interest rate of 24%.