1. Credit risk: Credit risk is the main risk in the operation of commercial banks, which is also commonly called default risk. It means that the lender can't repay the loan on time according to the loan contract signed with the bank, which leads to the loss of the bank's own interests;

2. Market risk: the market risk that commercial banks need to bear mainly depends on the fluctuation of commodity market or money market, specifically referring to the loss of interest caused by price fluctuation in the market when commercial banks invest or buy or sell real estate;

3. Liquidity risk: Liquidity risk mainly refers to the fact that the liquidity funds owned by commercial banks themselves cannot meet the demand of users for payment due, resulting in the loss of solvency of banks;

4. Operational risk: Operational risk mainly refers to the direct or indirect losses suffered by banks due to improper operation of internal personnel;

5. Legal risk: Legal risk mainly refers to certain economic compensation made by banks due to legal disputes with users or organizational units, which is one of the reasons for the loss of bank assets;

6. Country risk: Country risk mainly depends on the political and economic situation of the country where the bank is located. If for some reason, the people of this country are unable to repay their debts in the bank, it will cause direct losses of bank assets to a certain extent;

7. Reputation risk: Reputation risk mainly refers to the direct or indirect losses caused by some negative external evaluations of commercial banks;

8. Strategic risk: For commercial banks, strategic planning for the future is an important factor affecting their economic benefits. If the future strategy of commercial banks affects the overall development direction in the future, it will be unfavorable to the banks themselves.

City commercial banks are an important part and special group of China's banking industry. Their predecessor was the urban credit cooperatives established in the 1980s. At that time, their business orientation was to provide financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises and pave the way for bridging the local economy.

From the early 1980s to the 1990s, there were more than 5,000 urban credit cooperatives in China. However, with the development of China's financial industry, urban credit cooperatives have gradually exposed many problems in risk management. Many urban credit cooperatives have gradually transformed into urban commercial banks, providing financial services for the local economy and local residents.