Some common common sense experiences in parenting

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What issues should be paid attention to when children have a cold

A cold is a respiratory infectious disease caused by a virus. It is characterized by sudden onset and rapid spread, easily causing an epidemic. Children have low resistance to various infectious diseases and are extremely susceptible to infection and disease. Cold viruses are mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, and can also be transmitted indirectly through clothing, toys and daily necessities infected by respiratory droplets. There are many predisposing factors for the occurrence of colds, such as catching cold, being exposed to rain, dry air, and decreased systemic resistance caused by various reasons. During the epidemic season, children are mainly infected by adults in the family who have a cold or sick children who play together.

After children catch a cold, they may have high fever, chills, headache, runny nose and cough. Some children may have abdominal pain and diarrhea. A small number of children may have convulsions due to high fever. Most children can recover within a week. If the course of the disease is prolonged or the condition worsens, it may be complicated by other diseases.

If your baby catches a cold, you should pay attention to the following issues:

1. The early symptoms of many diseases in childhood are similar to cold symptoms. Such as measles, bronchopneumonia, toxic bacillary dysentery, etc. The early stages of these diseases include high fever, chills and upper respiratory tract discomfort, which are very similar to colds. However, as the disease progresses, its unique manifestations will appear. Therefore, when a child has cold symptoms, he or she should carefully observe the child's various manifestations and sudden changes. If any manifestations that are inconsistent with a cold are found, he should be sent to the hospital for examination as soon as possible.

2. After children catch a cold, the resistance of the respiratory mucosa will be reduced and bacterial infections will easily occur. The most common complication is pneumonia in children. Children often have high fever that persists and worsening cough symptoms. , symptoms of bruising and difficulty breathing soon appear, which should attract the attention of parents. In addition, if children with other diseases catch a cold again, their condition may be aggravated.

3. Colds are viral infections and antibiotics are ineffective. However, sometimes prophylactic medication can be used to prevent secondary bacterial infections. It is forbidden to take broad-spectrum antibiotics blindly or in large doses.

4. When children have a high fever, some parents hear that hormones can lower the temperature, so they give their children oral hormones. Some hospitals also adopt this method. This is wrong. Use hormones with caution because they can spread the infection and worsen the condition. We may use physical cooling methods or antipyretic and analgesic drugs to cool down.

5. When a child has a lot of runny nose, wipe it gently with a soft towel or gauze. If there is a hard nasal scab, do not dig it out with your hands. Use a cotton swab to apply erythromycin ointment until the nasal scab softens. Later, use a cotton swab to gently dip it out. This prevents infection.

6. Sick children often have symptoms of anorexia. If nutrition is not increased, it will be detrimental to the recovery of the disease. Meals during illness should be nutritious, digestible and delicious.

7. The room should be regularly ventilated and the air should be fresh. The child's quilt should not be too thick, and the utensils used by the child should be cleaned and disinfected frequently. There must be certain isolation measures between adults and children to prevent the spread of colds in the family.

Principles of health care during school age

The period from entering elementary school (6-7 years old) to the beginning of adolescence (12 years old for girls and 13 years old for boys) is called school age (equivalent to the primary school age) ). The physical growth of children during this period is still increasing steadily, and the development of other organs except the reproductive system is close to adult levels by the end of this period. The shape of the brain is basically the same as that of an adult. Intellectual development is more mature than before, and control, understanding, analysis, and comprehensive abilities are enhanced. It is an important period for gaining knowledge and receiving cultural and scientific education. Education should be strengthened so that they can lay a good foundation for all-round development of morality, intelligence, body, aesthetics and labor at school and at home. The incidence rate during this period is lower than before, but attention should be paid to preventing myopia and dental caries, correcting chronic lesions, sitting, standing, and walking postures correctly, arranging regular life, study, and exercise, ensuring adequate nutrition and rest, and paying attention to emotions and Behavioral changes to avoid excessive mental stress.

Ten emergency measures that parents must know-1

In life, children may often encounter some small troubles: their hands are pricked by thorns, their legs are bitten by mosquitoes I picked up my bag and accidentally scratched my hand on a leaf... If you know the following emergency tips, you won't have to watch your child feel uncomfortable and be helpless.

Pricked by a thorn

What to do: Ellen Kempf, MD, of Akron Children's Hospital in Ohio, said: "If your child has a thorn on the surface of his skin, you can use tape to cover the small thorn. Then pull the thorn out. "If the thorn is larger or penetrates deeper into the skin, it is best to use tweezers to pull it out.

Why you should do this: The thorns will stick to the tape, so removing the thorns is not only faster but also easier to operate.

When you need a doctor: If the following situations occur, it is best to contact the doctor: you cannot take out the thorn, the place where the thorn was inserted is red, there is a tendency of infection, or the child feels very uncomfortable Pain etc.

Stings

What to do: Immediately use the edge of a credit card or a blunt knife to scrape off the sting of the animal, then wash it carefully with soapy water, and finally apply a piece of ice to the wound .

Why you should do this: Scrapeing instead of using your fingers to remove animal stings can prevent animal venom from entering your child's skin, and applying ice can prevent swelling and pain.

When to call a doctor: Your child should go to the hospital right away if he or she has an allergic reaction, has difficulty breathing, starts swelling around the mouth and neck, or develops a rash around a wound.

Clogged Nostrils

How to do it: Dissolve half a spoonful of table salt in warm water, then put the dissolved liquid in a small sprayer, spray twice in each nostril, and then Have your child blow their nose with a tissue. (If the child is too young and does not know how to blow his nose, you can use a nasal aspirator to suck out the dirt in the child's nose.)

Why do this: Salt water can soften thick nasal mucus and make it smoother. It is easy to blow out or suck out, and it also helps to replenish the moisture of the nasal mucosa.

When to call a doctor: Go to the hospital if you suspect your child has an ear or sinus infection, such as fever, persistent cough, earache, or yellow or green discharge from the nostrils. things.

Taking medicine

How to do it: Have your child sit in a baby chair or on another adult's lap, and give your child some ice water to drink or some ice in his mouth block, then immediately spray the medicine on the inside of your child's mouth, between the cheeks and gums.

Why you should do this: Ice water will temporarily numb your child's tongue and cheeks, thereby reducing their sensitivity to taste and preventing them from spitting out the medicine. (If the doctor allows the child to take colder medicine, the bitter taste of the medicine will also be weakened.)

When does a doctor need to be used: If the child is very resistant to the medicine, cannot swallow the medicine, or is barely able to swallow the medicine. I vomited out the medicine every time, so I needed to go to the hospital.

Toothache

How to do it: Fold the towel into a small triangle, immerse one corner in water, and then put it in the refrigerator. After freezing, let the child hold the dry side of the towel. Bite into the frozen side.

Why you should do this: The fibrous texture of the towel can make your child's sore gums feel more comfortable, while the cold feeling can also soothe pain and help relieve swelling and inflammation.

When you need a doctor: If your child seems to be in severe pain, or an ice towel does not relieve his pain at all, you need to see a doctor.

Ten emergency measures that parents must know-2-

After being bitten by a mosquito

What to do: Use liquid antiperspirant or solid antiperspirant Gently roll the medicine on the itchy patch and rub it. If it is still itchy after 5 minutes, rub it again.

Why do this: Kenneth Haller, M.D., of St. Louis Medical University, explains: "The aluminum salts contained in antiperspirants allow the body to reabsorb the fluid from the bitten bag, which reduces swelling. It no longer itch.

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When to call a doctor: If the bite shows signs of an allergy, such as a red mark or increasing pain, or if the child has flu-like symptoms (such as fever, headache, muscle aches, or glandular pain) (body swelling, etc.), it is best to go to the hospital for examination. Sometimes these symptoms may also mean that you are infected with the virus.

Being scratched by a knife

What to do: First wash the wound with soap and water. , then rinse the wound with clean warm water, let it dry, apply antibiotic ointment, and wrap it gently with a bandage.

Why do this: Lewis First, MD, of Vermont Pediatrics Hospital in Burlington. : “By stimulating the wound with running water, more fine dust, etc. can be washed away, thereby accelerating the speed of wound healing and avoiding infection. ”

When you need a doctor: You need to go to the hospital if you can’t clean the cut, it looks deep, or it doesn’t stop bleeding.

Diaper rash< /p>

What to do: You should avoid using wet wipes to wipe your child's butt at this time. It is best to rinse your child with running warm water, and then use a hair dryer to dry your child (do not use hot air)

Why you should do this: Rinse your child's skin with water and blow it dry. Your child will feel less pain. In addition, the eczema will heal faster due to less friction.

What? It’s time to see a doctor: If your child’s diaper rash doesn’t get better after two or three days, or if it turns dark red, take your child to see a doctor.

Poison ivy

< p> What to do: Wear gloves and immediately wash all skin that has been in contact with the plant with a cleanser (such as dish soap), then wash thoroughly with water. If a rash occurs, apply a cool, wet towel to it. Above.

Why you should do it: Cleansers can wash away plant juices and prevent poisonous juices from soaking into the skin.

< p> When you need a doctor: If you have the following symptoms, you need to see a doctor immediately: a rash appears on the child's face or near the eyes; a rash appears on more than 25% of the child's skin; or the itching is very severe.

Sunscreen

How to do it: Let the child soak in a bathtub filled with cold water for 10-15 minutes, then wipe dry and apply unscented lotion to the sunburned area. Why do you do this? : "Cooling the skin can prevent swelling and reduce pain, while lotion can replenish moisture," says Elizabeth Powell, MD, of Children's Memorial Hospital of Chicago. Do not use any anesthetics on your child as they can irritate the child's skin. "If your child feels very uncomfortable, you can give him ibuprofen or antipyretic.

When to need a doctor: If your child has a fever or feels chills, or has blistered skin or a large sunburn You need to go to the hospital for examination. . . . . . . .