Guangzhou has been planting flowers for more than 1O years. As early as the Southern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, there were many fragrant flower fields in Zhuangtou Village on the south bank of the Pearl River, and Ji Suxin, the pet of Liu Wei in South Hanwang, was the flower girl in Zhuangtou. Every morning, flower farmers pick flowers, cross the river at Wuxianmen Ferry and sell them at the gate of the old city, which is the usual flower market. The annual flower market was only formed in the early 196s. At that time, the flower market was in front of the Francisco department, that is, in the area of the provincial finance department now, and then moved to Shuangmendi. Besides selling flowers, it also sold antiques, miscellaneous shelves and new year's eve products.
After the Revolution of 1911, the old city was demolished, and the area in front of the vassal office was more open, with more tourists, and it also expanded to the areas of Shibafu and Gaodi Street. Besides jasmine flowers, there are daffodils, hanging bells, peony, camellia, chrysanthemum and so on. Many firms, restaurants and restaurants also order seasonal flowers. In Xiguan area, there are also flower vendors who send flowers to large families and shops. With the development of commercial economy, Flower Street has become more prosperous.
People in Guangzhou love to insert peach blossoms during the Spring Festival, and the so-called "peach blossoms in one tree are full of spring". A beautiful peach blossom is inserted in the hall, full of trees and stars, with festive lights and green silk apricot ribbons, which really adds a lot of spring scenery, so it is not only loved at home, but also decorated with a big peach blossom in major hotels and restaurants. Peach blossom has become the "Christmas tree" of the Spring Festival in Guangzhou.
kumquat symbolizes "good luck". In fact, what people like now is its small and rich shape: a small tree 3-4 cm high, fruitful and glittering, and the green branches and leaves supporting each other, which is really cute and interesting to put on several seats. Four seasons oranges, golden eggs and cinnabar oranges, which are similar to kumquat, can also play this role, so ordinary families only buy one of them. Similar to it is the fruit from generation to generation, which means that it flourishes from generation to generation: bergamot fruit, like the palm of your hand, is as elegant and solemn as a believer, and is deeply favored by good men and women.
daffodils will be inserted for the Spring Festival. At the beginning of the twelfth lunar month, there are a large number of narcissus heads shipped from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province on the market. After people buy them back, they carefully cultivate them and control the flowering period by adjusting the water temperature and sunshine. Narcissus seems to be able to understand people's feelings, and it often blooms in turn on New Year's Eve when the family has a family reunion dinner, or in the sound of firecrackers on the first day of the first month of the first month, which brings people endless fun. As the saying goes, "Flowers bloom with wealth", which happens to be a good sign. In addition, daffodils are comely, graceful and fragrant, so they are necessary for every family.
in recent years, with the development of commodity economy, many new flowers and trees have emerged as symbols of wealth and fortune. For example, the "rich tree" with green branches and leaves, the "Fuxing Flower" and "lucky strike" grafted with cactus, and even the digital numbers with marked prices are also related to getting rich. For example, a rich tree is priced at 168, which is in harmony with the "all the way" in Guangzhou dialect; A peach blossom is priced at 88 yuan, which means "hair and hair"; 38 yuan, that is, born again (Guangzhou dialect "3" and "born" sound close). The flower language in Guangzhou has occupied a considerable position in folk life.
statement 2
Guangzhou is located in the subtropical zone, with long summer and warm winter, evergreen grass and flowers all year round, and enjoys the reputation of flower city for a long time. Guangzhou people have a long history of planting, loving, appreciating and giving flowers. During the Western Han Dynasty, when Lu Jia went to South Vietnam, he found that Lingnan people loved to plant flowers, arrange flowers and wear flowers. The front and back of the house, and the halls and rooms were all filled with flowers, so he praised the people here as "colorful flowers". Guangzhou in the Han Dynasty, with the rise of the maritime Silk Road trade, has introduced all kinds of overseas flowers. In the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou's flowers have become famous all over the country. The famous poet Meng Jiao once described the wonders of flowers and plants everywhere in Guangzhou in winter: "The sea flowers are wild and grassy in winter, and there are no homes and gardens everywhere." During this period, the cultivation of foreign flowers, such as jasmine, henna and jasmine, was very common overseas, and the flower market began to appear. At that time, the flower girl in Guangzhou wore various flowers with colored ropes for sale, which attracted Chinese and foreign tourists. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou had become the first "Winter jasmine market" in China and famous at home and abroad. Three days before New Year's Eve every year, a flower market is formed in the area in front of the Francisco Department (now in front of Beijing Road Finance Department) in the center of Guangzhou. There are miles of long streets, full of people, and the reputation of Guangzhou as the "Flower City" is worthy of the name. Among domestic cities, this nickname and reputation is unique to Guangzhou. The flower market has been going on for more than 2 years. In recent years, the Winter jasmine market in Guangzhou has grown bigger and bigger, and it has been held in eight municipal districts respectively, forming a spectacular scene of the flower street with a total length of dozens of miles and millions of people traveling together. "On the evening of the 3 th of the year, there were flowers in the street, and the spring flowers were all over the street. The red flowers were fresh, the yellow flowers were big, and thousands of flowers were ugly. Grandma laughs, Dad is happy, and people are happy and happy ... "This Guangzhou children's ballad, Flower Street, vividly sings the grand occasion of every household in Guangzhou visiting the Spring Festival Flower Market.
after the reunion dinner, I'm afraid the programs of mainlanders are basically the whole family getting together to watch CCTV's Spring Festival Gala. Guangzhou people take a family trip to Flower Street, where people are in a happy world of flowers, enjoying flowers, tasting flowers and buying flowers, roaming in the flower street and enjoying the wonderful time of being with qunfang once a year. No wonder many foreigners gave up the opportunity of family reunion and stayed in Guangzhou for the New Year. Many people have come a long way to see the beauty of Guangzhou Flower Street.
There is a poem that describes Guangzhou Flower Street in this way: "Xiang Street is ten miles away, and a city is full of spring, and laughter enters the colorful door. It is suspected that the layers are gathering honey, and it becomes a million flower watchers. "
There is a district in Guangzhou called Fangcun, and there is a street called Huadi in the district. Fangcun is famous for its flowers and is known as the "No.1 Flower Town in Lingnan". Today, Fangcun is still a famous flower producing area and a famous flower distribution center in China.
Guangzhou people love, cultivate, appreciate and give flowers. Directly promoted the flower industry in Guangzhou. At present, Guangzhou has nearly 1, mu of flower planting area, more than 2, varieties of flowers, and the annual output value of flowers is more than 2 billion yuan, accounting for more than 15% of the whole country. These indicators all exceed those of Shanghai, Kunming, Beijing and other countries. Guangzhou is the largest flower producing area in China, the production and supply center of potted ornamental plants in China, the main distribution center of flowers in China and the dispatching center of flowers entering Japan. The flower trade in Guangzhou ranks first in China. The price of flowers in Guangzhou affects the national price. Fangcun Flower Expo Center and Huadu South Flower Trading Towel Heart are the most famous flower markets in China.
"Yangcheng World is a flower, but it is more important to buy flowers to spend time". To appreciate the characteristics of Flower City, you should first go to Tianguang Market, the flower market in Fangcun at 5 am. Then go to Zengnan Road to see dozens of horticultural gardens and flower exposition parks along the road; Visit Yuntai Garden in Baiyun Mountain, bonsai gardens in Xiyuan, orchid gardens and flower exhibitions in various parks. Every spring, when kapok blooms, one river is green, the kapok on both sides is red, the kapok on ten feet is brilliant, the coral is red all over the sky, and it is amazing to see the world of flowers and the red sea. The Winter jasmine market held every Spring Festival is unique to the Flower City, so you must see it. The chrysanthemum exhibition in autumn and the float parade on New Year's Day are also quite distinctive.
Many cities in the world, including China, have their own city flowers. The city flower of Guangzhou is kapok, which can be said to be the highest and largest city flower in the world. Kapok tree is a kind of tree, very tall, most of which are seven or eight stories high. It is particularly magical and spectacular that when it blooms in spring, it can't see a green leaf. When all the red cotton flowers fall, its bare branches begin to draw out green buds. Imagine that a seven-or eight-story tree is full of red flowers, just like a red cloud. What an imposing manner it is! How spectacular! It is no exaggeration to describe it as a red ocean. Some people say that Guangzhou is a city of heroes, and the blood of heroes has dyed red cotton. Therefore, Guangzhou is also called a hero flower and a hero tree, from which Guangzhou, the birthplace of modern revolution, is naturally called a hero city.
geographical location
Guangzhou-the capital of Guangdong province, the center of politics, economy, science and technology, education and culture, the third largest city in China and the largest city in the south of China.
Guangzhou is located at 113 17' east longitude and 23 8' north latitude, in the south of Chinese mainland, in the south-central part of Guangdong province, and on the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta. Guangzhou is near the South China Sea, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region, and it is the southern gate of China to the world. Guangzhou is a hilly area. The terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest, with mountains in the north and northeast, hills and terraces in the middle and alluvial plains in the Pearl River Delta in the south. The Pearl River, the third largest river in China, flows through the center of Guangzhou.
Four Seasons Climate
Guangzhou is located in the subtropical zone, across the Tropic of Cancer, with an annual average temperature of 2-22℃, a minimum temperature of around ℃ and a maximum temperature of 38℃, with a pleasant climate, making it one of the largest cities in China with the smallest annual average temperature difference. Guangzhou has a subtropical monsoon climate, with its back facing the mountains and the sea, which is characterized by warm and rainy, sufficient light and heat, long summer and short frost period. The same period of water and heat throughout the year, abundant rainfall, is conducive to plant growth, and provides excellent conditions for Guangzhou, a "flower city" with evergreen seasons and flowers. The average annual rainfall is 1982.7mm and the average relative humidity is 77%. Throughout the year, April to June is the rainy season, August to September is hot and there are many typhoons, and October to December is the best season for tourism.
Area, administrative divisions and population
The total area of Guangzhou is 7434.4 square kilometers, of which the area of 1 districts under the jurisdiction of the city is 3718.5 square kilometers, accounting for 5.2% of the total area of the city; The two county-level cities cover an area of 3,715.9 square kilometers, accounting for 49.98%.
The old four districts in Guangzhou refer to Dongshan District, Yuexiu District, Liwan District and Haizhu District.
The old eight districts in Guangzhou refer to Dongshan District, Yuexiu District, Liwan District, Tianhe District, Haizhu District, Fangcun District, Baiyun District and Huangpu District.
In June p>2, Panyu and Huadu were set up as districts. Up to now, Guangzhou has 1 municipal districts and 2 county-level cities (Conghua and Zengcheng).
In p>25, with the approval of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the State Council, Guangzhou adjusted some administrative divisions of the original "1 districts and 2 cities", in which Yuexiu District and Dongshan District merged into Yuexiu District; Liwan District and Fangcun District merged into Liwan District; Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone was changed to Luogang District; Nansha Economic and Technological Development Zone was changed to Nansha District.
after merger and adjustment, the new 1 districts and 2 cities in Guangzhou are Yuexiu District, Haizhu District, Liwan District, Tianhe District, Baiyun District, Huangpu District, Huadu District, Panyu District, Luogang District and Nansha District, and two county-level cities, namely Conghua City and Zengcheng City.
The registered population in Guangzhou is about 7.5 million, and the permanent population exceeds 1 million.
traditional culture
brilliant "Lingnan culture"
Guangzhou is a famous cultural city with a long history of more than 2,21 years, and it is one of the first historical and cultural cities in China promulgated by the State Council. In the long history, many places of interest, such as Nanyue King's Tomb, Guangxiao Temple, zhenhai tower, Liurong Temple, Nanhai Temple, Wuxian Temple, Huaisheng Temple, Chenjia Temple, Sacred Heart Hall, Sanyuan Palace, etc., all bear witness to the famous historical and cultural city of Guangzhou. Guangzhou, which combines the essence of Chinese and foreign cultures, has formed a unique Lingnan culture. Lingnan school of painting, Lingnan architecture, Lingnan gardens, Lingnan bonsai, Guangdong music, Cantonese opera, Cantonese cuisine, urban landscape and living customs all reflect the style of Lingnan culture.
"Tea drinking" culture
"I can't forget drinking tea in Guangdong." People in Guangzhou love drinking tea, especially morning tea. When we meet in the morning, the greeting in other places is mostly "Have you eaten", while in Guangzhou, it is often "Have you had tea". Drinking tea in Guangzhou actually means going to the teahouse, not only drinking tea, but also eating snacks, one cup and two pieces, which are leisurely and carefree; Drink not only morning tea, but also afternoon tea and evening tea; Not only fill your stomach, but also spread news, talk about friendship and negotiate business. It can be seen that drinking tea has gone beyond the category of "tea" in a certain sense and has become a way of social communication. Drinking tea constitutes a distinctive feature of Lingnan culture that is different from other cultures. The time-honored teahouses in Guangzhou include: Taotaoju, Luyuju, Afraid of Xiangju, Nanyuan, Beiyuan, Panxi, Datong, Huiru, Sanru, Duoru, Qiaoxin, Dexin, Zhengxin, Fulaiju, Xihuaju and Meizhenju.
"Flower Street"
Guangzhou is also called Flower City. People in Guangzhou love flowers. Without flowers, you can't grow up. Rich families will buy several pots of imported flowers with a pot of thousands of yuan. No matter how poor a family is, it is necessary to provide a pot of kumquat and several daffodils to the Qing Dynasty. On New Year's Eve, an old and small flower street is a tradition, and it is also the highlight of Guangzhou citizens. The flower street is also a visit to the Winter jasmine market, which started three or four days ago and ended with the climax of New Year's Eve. Every year, the municipal government makes great efforts to decorate it. After the opening of the flower market, when the lights were first on (traffic control was implemented), people walking in the flower street came one after another, and at 8 or 9 o'clock, people were like a tide, bustling and lively. The flower street is noisy and crowded, and it is inevitable to bump into each other, but people are all polite, especially modest and tolerant, and their faces are full of smiles and joy. Generally speaking, most of them are mainlanders a few days ago, because most mainlanders want to watch the CCTV annual party. Guangdong people seldom watch CCTV. After visiting the flower market on the 3th, they often go to sigh for tea at night. The flowers in the flower market are colorful and varied. Among the imported products are lavender in Europe, rich palm in Thailand, tulip in the Netherlands, rose in northern Europe, five generations living under one roof in South America, cuckoo in Belgium and so on. Domestic varieties include Daphne odora in Phnom Penh, Jiangxi, Clivia in Jilin, Peony in Luoyang, Narcissus in Zhangzhou and so on. As the name suggests, the flower street is mainly for sightseeing and appreciation. If you buy it, you must buy a little, but it can be more or less to show your good luck. Therefore, couples will buy one or two roses, silver willows and lilies at most when they both travel through the flower market; And families choose traditional local kumquat, rich bamboo, peach blossom, rich tree, good fortune and so on. People in Guangzhou think that exotic flowers are beautiful, but most of them have no special symbolic significance, which can't satisfy the wishes of "peace" and "wealth" in the New Year. The purpose of the flower street is to touch some flowers and get rid of bad luck, and to have a good weather, happiness and peace in the coming year, that's all.
"Miss Xiguan" and "Master Dongshan"
Xiguan is outside the west gate of the old Guangzhou City, while Dongshan is outside the east gate, and the two are far opposite. Historically, there are obvious differences in the cultural characteristics of the two places. Xiguan is a bustling downtown area with a low-lying terrain, a watery country, a network of rivers and a dense population. Dongshan, on the other hand, is a high-lying place with a vast territory and a sparsely populated area. At the beginning of the 2th century, American Christianity chose Dongshan as its missionary base. The elegant living environment opened by the church attracted a large number of returned overseas Chinese to settle in build house. Since then, the desolate Dongshan Mountain has become increasingly noisy and has become a residential community with high-grade buildings.
There is a common saying in Guangzhou, "Young Master Dongshan, Miss Xiguan", which means: Dongshan is a place where powerful officials live, and most of the people who come in and out are official children. Dongshan Mansion, an imitation western villa built by some overseas Chinese and military and political bureaucrats in the early years of the Republic of China, was built in places such as Xinhepu and Companion Courtyard Road in Dongshan, Guangzhou, attracting dignitaries to live together. "Master Dongshan" came from this; Xiguan is a prosperous commercial area, and a young lady from a wealthy family is dancing like a butterfly. The girls here are real ladies. They are slender, soft in Cantonese, well-educated, and some can do some handicrafts.