# The national average holds 6.28 bank cards #

Credit cards have come into our lives and provided convenience and various possibilities for our lives. Credit card is the earliest carrier for Chinese people to really replace cash consumption with card consumption, and because of the existence of credit card, Chinese people can travel around the world with one card in hand for the first time.

since the birth of the first credit card in China in 1985, at present, credit cards have completely penetrated into people's work, travel, consumption, entertainment, payment and other aspects of life. Credit cards are not only a means of payment and consumption behavior, but also have become people's way of life.

In reality, friends often ask this question: Why do many people say that credit cards are harmful when it is obvious that credit cards are good things? Is the credit card a good thing or a pit? What we want to make clear here is that some problems have indeed occurred in the credit card reality, especially the three crimes of credit card are worthy of attention:

First, the excessive marketing of bank credit cards leads to the excessive handling of cards by credit card holders

Under normal circumstances, ordinary people can meet the basic functions of credit cards with one credit card at most, but because of the excessive marketing of credit cards in various banks, many people are over-handled, which is also the fundamental reason for all kinds of chaos in credit cards.

For all banks, credit cards are an important means and way of retail banking business, and also an important source of income from intermediary business. Therefore, all banks are vigorously developing credit cards and credit card business.

Credit card is essentially a bank card with certain functions of overdraft, cash withdrawal and lending. With the expansion of credit card functions, it has now developed into eight functions, such as direct shopping consumption, installment payment of accumulated large shopping consumption, overdraft cash withdrawal within credit line, pre-authorization before consumption liquidation, remittance settlement after overseas shopping consumption, micro-credit, various shopping consumption preferential activities and points accumulation.

With the expansion and improvement of credit card functions, banks have also increased their credit card marketing efforts. Everyone has the experience of being sold credit cards, especially if the children of relatives and friends work in banks, it has become the responsibility to handle credit cards, resulting in a large number of credit cards, and everyone has multiple credit cards.

according to the data disclosed by the central bank, by the end of the third quarter of 22, the number of bank cards in use nationwide was 8.798 billion, including 8.33 billion debit cards, 766 million credit cards and debit-credit cards, and 6.28 bank cards were held nationwide, among which .55 credit cards and debit-credit cards were held per capita.

The number of credit cards issued has not only expanded rapidly, but also the phenomenon that one person has multiple cards is quite common. Some people have more credit cards than people think. The young man surnamed Zheng applied for the Guinness Book of World Records in 219 with the number of 1,562 credit cards. Some media have reported that Chen Mou, whose monthly salary in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province is only over 3, yuan, has 14 credit cards under his name. Even more, there are 1,7 credit cards in the name of Liang, the "China Card King", and 851 credit cards were used by Zhang Hongbo, the former richest man in Dezhou.

it is natural that a bank has an unshirkable responsibility to own more than one card. In order to expand the credit card issuance, the card issuance review link can't be said to exist in name only, at least it has an element of indulgence. The competition of credit card business in commercial banks has started a crazy card issuing mode. In order to seize the credit card market, it has become the norm to issue cards to college students. The income source, risk degree and credit situation of credit card applicants are only a formality, which leads to excessive card issuance. This is the crime of credit card applicants, but also the crime of banks.

second, the excessive authorization of bank credit cards leads to the out-of-control of the total credit amount of credit cards and the overdue of a large number of credit cards

Applying for credit cards was originally for consumption and overdraft consumption, but the most important purpose of applying for credit cards in large numbers may be the credit line.

the credit line of a bank is essentially a kind of bank credit business. The credit line of a bank should have the same risk as the credit line of a bank, and the credit line depends on the bank's risk assessment of the credit card holder or applicant. However, although banks are extremely strict in approving credit loans, they need mortgages and high-quality guarantors to guarantee them, and they have to repay the loans before lending them. Credit cards, on the other hand, do not need asset mortgage and guarantee, and are entirely credit lines, but the credit conditions are far lower than credit approval, which completely relaxes the credit conditions of credit cards.

As a result, in reality, some people can hold a large number of credit cards and a very high credit line, while some people with low income or even no income have many credit cards, and the credit line of credit cards has become an important source of capital turnover and even living funds.

according to the data of the central bank, by the end of the third quarter of 219, the total amount of credit granted by bank cards nationwide was 16.99 trillion yuan. Not only has the number of credit cards been rapidly expanded, but it is quite common for one person to have more than one card, that is, the credit amount is in a state of uncontrolled expansion. According to the data of the central bank, by the end of the third quarter of 22, the total outstanding credit of credit cards overdue for half a year was 9.663 billion yuan, an increase of 5.24 billion yuan over the end of the second quarter, accounting for 1.17% of the credit balance of credit cards. Although the non-performing rate of credit cards is still lower than the overall non-performing rate of banks by about 2%, the overdue amount of credit cards has increased by 22 times in the past decade, which shows that the overdue situation of credit cards is becoming more and more serious.

Liang, who is known as the "China Card King", holds 17 credit cards with a total credit line of over 1 million; Zhang Hongbo, the former richest man in Dezhou, Shandong Province, held 851 credit cards and cashed in 21 million.

the actual monthly income of Xiao Wang, who just graduated from college, reported by the Beijing regulatory authorities is only 3, yuan, but he applied for high credit cards from many financial institutions, with a total credit of 8, yuan. After overdrawing more than one million yuan, the capital chain was broken. Chen Mou, whose monthly salary is only over 3, yuan in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, has 14 credit cards under his name, and the credit line of credit cards exceeds 77, yuan, and the total credit card debt reaches over 878, yuan.

in the process of credit card over-granting, the bank cannot be said to have no responsibility, because it has not strictly controlled the credit card risk and the total amount of personal credit card credit, and the bank must be directly responsible.

Third, the bank credit card itself has designed many pits, which will make those who are already financially nervous fall into the debt quagmire

Credit cards provide convenience for people's lives, but banks, as profit-seeking institutions, have also designed many debt pits for the use of credit cards, thus aggravating some people who are over-consumed, over-credited and over-overdrawn.

is there a hole in the credit card? Of course there is. What pits are there? Give three simple examples:

The first pit is all kinds of small loans in the credit card, which seems to be an opportunity to give you a loan, but it will fall into a high interest rate trap because of the high loan interest rate.

As long as credit card overdrafts are repaid in time, there will be no interest, but without interest, banks will have no income. Therefore, banks provide some small loans to people who overdraw their credit cards and charge higher interest rates. In general, the repayment period of credit card loans is 3, 6, 1, 12, 18 and 24 installments, and the annualized interest rate for a single installment is 9% to 18% or more. For those who have already overdrawn their consumption and are hard to repay, plus the loan interest rate of 9-18%, will it cause more financial tension?

The second pit is the cash withdrawal function provided by the credit card, because all kinds of fees are too high, so people who use the credit card to withdraw cash unconsciously spend extra costs.

many people may meet the bank and tell you that credit cards can be withdrawn. But there is a charge for withdrawing cash by credit card, but no one tells you. The credit card is charged with the existing handling fee, and it is charged at one time by five thousandths; There is also a daily interest charge of five ten thousandths, which is equivalent to about 18% per year. Is it a big interest pit for cashiers?

the third pit is the high-interest pit of credit card installment, and the cost of installment is very high even if there is no interest but only a handling fee.

all credit card holders will receive the notice and publicity of bank credit card installment, and even some bank credit card bills directly tell you how much to repay in installments, with no interest and only a little handling fee. But the bank credit card installment rate is very high. A bank's credit card cash installment charges an annualized rate of more than 15%. Although some banks charge a one-time fee, the annualized rate is at least 9.6%.

In any case, banks should bear certain responsibilities for problems with credit cards. With the standardization of bank credit card management, I believe that all kinds of problems with credit cards will be controlled and reduced. (Author: Qi Jian, a researcher at beijing language and culture university Economic Research Institute)