A wrong sentence is a sentence with something wrong. Any sentence that violates the rules of grammatical structure or objective truth is a faulty sentence. The former is called a grammatical error, and the latter is called a logical error. Common types of incorrect sentences include: (1) improper word order; (2) improper collocation; (3) incomplete or redundant components; (4) confusing structure; (5) unclear meaning; (6) illogical.

1 Improper word order

1. Improper attributive position. For example:

(1) my country’s cotton production will not be self-sufficient for a long time.

(The position of the attributive and the central phrase is reversed, it should be: the cotton produced in our country will not be self-sufficient for a long time.)

(2) The vast number of rural youth show incomparable socialist enthusiasm.

(The attributive "incomparable" is misplaced in the position of the adverbial, resulting in a faulty sentence. "Incomparable" should be placed before "enthusiasm".)

2. The adverbial position is inappropriate. For example:

(3) In the cause of socialist construction, the broad masses of intellectuals should play a full role.

(The adverbial "full" is misplaced in the attributive position and should be placed before "play".)

3. Improper positioning of function words

4 , The position of the adverb "no" is wrong. For example:

(4) If we do not work hard to do a good job in our own domestic affairs, it will be difficult for us to have a say in the international arena. (The negative adverb of "no" sentence should come before the word "ba").

(5) If we don’t check the contract farming work now, we won’t be able to hoe the land well. ("不" should be moved before the word "成")

5. Improper positioning of related words

When two clauses in a compound sentence use the same subject, the related words should be after the subject ; When the subjects are different, the related word should be in front of the subject. If it is upside down, it is improperly positioned. For example:

(6) Not only does he study hard, but he also helps other students. ("He" should be moved before "Not only")

2 Improper collocation

1. Improper collocation, such as:

(7) Participate in long-distance running early in the morning The students were riding fast on the road. ("Classmates" cannot use "gallop", but can be changed to "run".)

(8) The torrent of emotions is rolling, and the blood all over the body is roaring. ("Hot blood" can only "boil", not "whistling")

(9) His noble revolutionary qualities often come to my mind. ("Quality" cannot "emerge" and can be changed to "his great revolutionary image".)

(10) These articles are full of Marxist views. ("Point of view" should be "light".)

(11) Before liberation, the money earned by my father and brother was not enough to support the family. (What can be "supported" can only be people, not "life.")

(12) The Shanghai Science and Technology Development Center has gathered a group of professional teams who are enthusiastic about scientific and technological development services and are good at operation and management. (The "gathering" should be "professional talents.")

(13) This last day of labor is the most stressful, enjoyable and meaningful day for the students. ("Labor" means "a day" is inappropriate, just delete "labor".)

(14) Political stability and unity are prerequisites for the establishment and improvement of my country's socialist market economic system. ("Situation" means "condition" is inappropriate, you can delete "situation".)

(15) He spent a lot of effort in cultivating improved seeds. ("Very big" should be changed to "a lot".)

(16) I have smart and capable hands and can create anything. ("Smart and capable" should be changed to "dexterous".)

(17) At this conference, a wide range of opinions were exchanged on the wage issue. (It should be changed to "extensively exchanged".)

(18) The improvement of academic performance depends on the students' own efforts. ("Improving academic performance" is one-sided, while "whether to work hard" is two-sided. It can be changed to: The improvement of academic performance depends on the students' own efforts. Or it can be changed to: Whether the academic performance can be improved depends on whether the students work hard. .

)

(19) Artists have always been looked down upon in the past, but now they are eagerly favored by people. Between the looks and the favor, they appreciate the warmth of the world. ("White eyes" and "favor" refer to two sides, but "warmth" only corresponds to one side.)

(20) Should we pay attention to Chinese learning? Is it enough to just study mathematics, physics and chemistry? Our answer is no. (The previous question has both positive and negative answers, while the latter answer does not explain the previous question well.)

(21) I think this should not need to be described, no one Can't imagine it. ("No one can't imagine it" means "No one can imagine it", which is exactly the opposite meaning of the original sentence.)

(22) Take various methods to cultivate and improve the level of teachers, especially The level of middle-aged teachers. (The combination of "training" and "level" is inappropriate)

3 Incomplete components

1. Incomplete components

lt; 1gt; missing subject. Such as:

(23) From this ordinary little thing, it illustrates a big problem. (What is the subject of "explanation"? The introductory phrase cannot be the subject, and "from..." can be deleted.)

(24) There have been many comments about the TV movie "Beijingers in New York" . (Delete "about" so that the subject of the sentence appears.)

Another example: From a large number of observation facts, we are told that in order to grasp the continuous changes in the weather, it is best to conduct observations every hour. (The sentence pattern of the preposition "from...中" in this sentence is wrong. It can be deleted.)

lt; 2gt; Missing predicate. For example:

(25) These characters are of different types, and the distance is quite large. If you are not good at shaping the characters, you will not be able to act well. ("These roles are of different types" lacks a predicate, so "belong to" should be added to make it smooth.)

(26) Recently, a comprehensive quality inspection campaign has been launched, and it is necessary to establish and strengthen this campaign Technical management system and a series of work. "A series of tasks" is the object of which verb? If you can't find a suitable one in the original sentence, you should add the predicate "complete" before "establish" to make it smooth. )

lt; 3gt; Missing object. For example:

(27) In the past two years, they have promoted the scientific farming insisted on by the Mahe Brigade throughout the county. (What is "promoting"? The object "experience of..." is missing.)

(28) We must do everything we can to mechanize and collectivize our agriculture. ("Going on the road of..." is appropriate.)

(4) Lack of related words

Example 1: The stick insect in Singapore not only has a body color that is almost the same as that of bamboo, but also a body shape In silence it is exactly like a branch. (Add "and" before "body shape".)

Example 2: This academic conference did not last long, but I gained a lot. (Add "Although...but...".)

Example 3: No matter how well you speak, we don't listen.

Example 4: (Even if) the family is big and the business is big, unnecessary expenses and waste should be saved.

2. Redundancy

The redundant components include subject, predicate, attributive, etc. Here we only give an example of each for brief explanation.

(29) Our second-grade classmates, generally speaking, we can all listen carefully and abide by classroom disciplines during class. (The subject is redundant.)

(30) The handouts borrowed from your college last time are being printed and can be distributed to students before class. (Predicate redundant)

(31) Commemorate the arrival of the March 8th Festival. (There are redundant elements after the object.)

(32) What a rich "silent" subtext is contained behind this sentence. (Attributive redundant)

(33) Together with old farmers, he repeatedly conducted high-yield wheat experiments. (Adverbials pile up, delete any one.)

(34) Xiao Wang is very serious about any work he does. (The complement is redundant.)

4. The structure is confusing

1. The sentence structure is mixed. This means that two or more sets of sentence structures are mixed together, making the meaning unclear.

For example:

(35) This method is hygienic and convenient, and is deeply loved by the masses. (Or "deeply loved by the masses", or "deeply loved by the masses")

(36) People who have been bound by the planned economy for many years have also awakened. ("Been bound by..." and "under the restraint of..." are used interchangeably, just choose one.)

2. The subject is implicitly changed in the sentence. Sometimes the subject of a clause is implicitly exchanged in a complex sentence, so that the original subject cannot be matched with the predicate, which will also cause structural confusion. For example:

(37) The old worker’s words deeply touched Xiao Qiu’s heart, and he could not calm down for a long time. (The subject of the first clause is "words", and the subject of the latter clause is "Xiao Qiu's heart", which is a secret switch, causing confusion. It can be changed to "...touched Xiao Qiu and made his heart linger for a long time... …)

3. Unclear levels. For example:

(38) After Xinhua News Agency discovered that yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid was successfully synthesized in Shanghai, the majority of readers were very excited. People in the scientific community also attach great importance to it, and it has aroused strong reactions ("causing strong reactions" is an abstract statement, which should be said first, and then the specifics; for scientific achievements, the reaction of "people in the scientific community" should be said first. , let’s talk about the reaction of the “majority of readers”)

4. Improper punctuation causes confusion. For example:

(39) The success of this film is due to the collective power of the film. The artistic leadership of the bureau, the assistance of the original author of the stage play, and the whole-hearted dedication of all the actors are new experiences that I have never experienced (with a comma after "collective power", readers will naturally connect the words "leadership" and "assistance". " and so on are all regarded as the object of "attributed to", but the author's original intention is to use the latter as the subject of "all", and a period must be used after "strength")

5 Ambiguity

Vagueness includes two situations: one is "incomprehensible", the other is "ambiguity". "Incomprehensible" means that one sentence is expressed, but people cannot understand what it says; "ambiguity" is that There are two interpretations of a sentence. Whether it is "puzzling" or "ambiguous", it means that the expression is not clear or unclear. Here are some examples:

For example:

(40) Visiting the sawmill and forest light railway in Dailing was my return trip (how could “visit” be a “return trip”? The author meant that “… is what I planned to do on my way back from the trip. One thing.")

2. Ambiguity. For example:

(41) The factory director adopted the reasonable suggestions of two workers, which greatly inspired the entire factory to make suggestions. ("Two workers" or "two suggestions"? There is ambiguity in understanding.)

(42) The county informed that Mayor Zhao should report on September 15th (understandable). "Report on the 15th") can also be understood as "Report on the 15th")

(43) When buying apples, small children don't want them (can be understood as "small." There are two meanings: "big apple" and "small child".)

3. Unknown reference. For example:

(44) She thought for a long time and couldn't make up her mind. Finally, she decided to go to Second Aunt Wang’s house not far from her home and ask her to accompany her home (who would accompany whom? Probably “Second Aunt accompanied her”.)

(45) Boss Song. After meeting Qi San again after a long absence, he had a good conversation and he lit a cigarette for him... (Who lit the cigarette for whom? Can't guess.)

6 Logic Errors

Here The "logical error" refers to the meaning of the sentence that cannot be justified logically. Common types are:

1. Self-contradiction. For example:

(46) He was the only one who survived among all the victims. ("Victims" and "survived" are contradictory.)

(47) Many of those who have made achievements in scientific and cultural research have endured perseverance and hard work under very difficult objective material conditions. achieved success through hard work. ("Everything" is contradictory to "a lot")

2. Improper juxtaposition of concepts. Concepts that are parallel to each other should be divided according to the same standard.

If the standards are confused, it will lead to the error of juxtaposing big and small concepts and juxtaposing concepts of different categories. For example:

(48) The farm is determined to increase the production of grain, cotton and cash crops. ("Cotton" is a "cash crop", and the two cannot be juxtaposed.)

(49) Swimming tickets are divided into ordinary tickets, visitor tickets, monthly tickets, and season tickets. "Visit tickets" are not "swimming tickets" and cannot be combined with "ordinary tickets", etc. )

3. Imposing cause and effect. For example:

(50) Because he is partial to subjects, he is not interested in mathematics, physics and chemistry. (The latter is a specific manifestation of the former, not a result.)

(51) Because he comes from the north, his thoughts are basically the same as before. (There is no causal relationship between before and after)

4. The subject and object are reversed. For example:

(52) The name Edison is no stranger to our young students. (It should be "Students' opinions on the name Edison".)

(53) The learning mood last year is very different from this year. (When comparing two things, one first and one last, the latter is usually the main subject, so it should be said: "My study mood this year is different from last year...")

5. Improper negation. For example:

(54) No one can deny that excellent academic performance is not achieved through diligent study. (There are three negatives. The whole sentence expresses the negative meaning, which is exactly the opposite of the original intention.)

(55) Of course, this play also promotes feudal ideas such as karma and retribution. Therefore, who can deny this Does being in a drama have no negative impact? (The rhetorical question itself is also a negative, so this sentence expresses a negative meaning, which is inconsistent with the original intention.)

6. Unreasonable. For example:

(56) In the afternoon, after a thunderstorm, a beautiful rainbow appeared in the western sky. (The direction in which the rainbow appears is opposite to the sun, and the rainbow in the afternoon can only appear in the east.)

(57) As long as you study hard, you can get into a good university. (“Study hard” is not a sufficient condition for “getting into a good university”.