In winter, there is a lot of frost, fog, rain and snow, low temperatures, and a complex environment, which has a great impact on driving safety. Therefore, when you go out, you should prepare some things for emergencies. I have prepared the following, I hope it will be helpful to you!

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1. Enhance awareness of driving safety in winter

In winter, there are many frosts, fogs, rain and snow, low temperatures, and complex environments, which are harmful to driving safety. greater impact. Drivers should improve their understanding of safe driving in winter, strengthen the knowledge and skills of winter driving, prevent freezing, slipping and accidents, and master methods to deal with common problems during winter driving. Do not drive in winter with the same driving habits as in other seasons.

2. Keep abreast of traffic information

Before driving, learn about road conditions in advance through TV, radio, etc., and be prepared in advance.

3. Seasonal maintenance of vehicles

It is necessary to do a good job in seasonal maintenance of vehicles, and perform vehicle braking, steering and other systems as well as air pipelines, water pipelines, oil pipelines and other components Carry out comprehensive inspection and maintenance, equip the vehicle with necessary antifreeze devices, and add engine oil and gear oil as required.

4. Antifreeze

During routine maintenance of the vehicle, ordinary water may be added to the antifreeze, and the antifreeze must be replaced. If the coolant is insufficient, make up for it, otherwise the engine water temperature will be too high, causing damage to the engine parts. When replacing antifreeze, you must strictly follow the instructions for using the product. The key is to drain as much clean water as possible and exhaust the air as much as possible without causing "air lock". Add as much as possible and wait until the vehicle has been running for a while. Observe the situation and make up the appropriate amount. It is necessary to check frequently and replenish frequently.

5. Battery Warmth and Charging

Car batteries are mostly lead-acid batteries. In cold environments, their efficiency is often reduced due to freezing. Appropriate measures can be taken to keep the battery warm. and charging.

6. Pay attention to checking the tires

The temperature is cold in winter, and the rubber becomes relatively hard and brittle in the low-temperature environment. Therefore, whether the air pressure is appropriate directly affects the tire life and driving safety. If the air pressure is too low, the deflection of the tire wall will increase, and the low temperature will easily cause the sidewall rubber to break; if the air pressure is too high, the tire's grip will be reduced. Pay attention to check whether the inflation of each tire is even. You may also consider replacing your vehicle's tires with winter tires during the winter months.

7. Install anti-skid chains in ice and snow weather

In ice and snow weather, anti-skid chains should be installed before traveling, and do not install them after encountering icy and snowy roads, because it is more difficult to install anti-skid chains during temporary parking. Installation in advance is troublesome and not conducive to safety. Park the vehicle in a safe area before installation or disassembly. For example, on busy roads, necessary traffic warning signs need to be set. After installing anti-skid chains, the driving speed should generally not exceed 50 kilometers per hour, and be careful to avoid sudden acceleration or deceleration as much as possible. Also consider carrying non-slip tools such as shovels and pickaxes.

8. Clear the fog in a timely manner

Due to the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, fog will condense on the windows when driving in winter. Use warm air to remove fog and at the same time open the front door window a little. The results are very rapid and effective. You should also pay attention to defogging the rear window to observe the situation behind the car and enhance the safety of the reversing process.

Relevant common sense on key matters in the four winter preventions: Winter fire prevention knowledge

Winter is a period of high incidence of fire accidents due to high winds and dry materials. Pay attention to the following "seven don'ts" when it comes to home fire prevention in winter:

1 Avoid fires caused by malfunctions of household appliances: use electric stoves, electric blankets, electric irons, etc., and avoid damage to wires caused by aging circuits and frequent handling. fire.

2 Avoid throwing cigarette butts around to cause fires: Don’t throw cigarette butts around, especially in places with a lot of flammable materials like the kitchen. Pay special attention to this.

3 Avoid setting off fireworks and firecrackers to cause fires: When setting off fireworks and firecrackers, you must master the correct setting off methods, and the site must be inspected and cleaned after setting off.

4 Avoid burning fires for heating: Do not use gasoline, kerosene, alcohol and other flammable substances to start fires in winter. Do not pile flammable items around the stove, and do not use heating equipment to bake clothes.

5 Avoid burning garbage and causing fires: there may be combustible and explosive materials in the garbage, such as liquefied gas residues, glass bottles, firecrackers, waste liquid lighters, etc., which may explode once burned.

6 Avoid fires caused by gas leaks: Once a gas leak is discovered, you should immediately turn off the gas valve and stove switch and open the doors and windows. Do not turn on or off any electrical appliances or use the indoor phone at this time. If you find a gas leak in your neighbor's house, do not hesitate to contact him. Do not use doorbell notifications.

7 Avoid not being equipped with fire-fighting equipment: Every home should be equipped with a small fire extinguisher.

2. "Five taboos" for fire escapes

1. Avoid escaping from the original route: This is the most common fire escape behavior. Because the road exits inside most buildings are generally not familiar to people, once a fire breaks out, people are always accustomed to escape along the incoming exits and corridors. When they find that this road is blocked, they must pay attention to the surrounding environment. Carry out the necessary understanding and familiarity, just in case.

2 Avoid escaping to bright places: In emergency situations, people always escape in bright and bright directions. At this time, in the fire scene, the bright place is where the fire demon shows off his power unscrupulously.

3 Avoid blindly following others to escape: When a person's life is suddenly in danger, it is easy to lose normal judgment and thinking due to panic, and the first reaction is to blindly follow others to escape. Common blind following behaviors include jumping out of windows and buildings, and escaping into toilets, bathrooms, door corners, etc. The way to overcome blind following is to learn more about and master some knowledge about fire self-rescue and escape, so as to avoid losing your mind when things happen. 4. Avoid escaping from high to low: Especially once a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, people always habitually believe that only by escaping to the first floor as soon as possible and running outside can there be hope for survival. As everyone knows, if you blindly escape downstairs, you may end up in the fire. Therefore, in the event of a fire, if possible, you can climb to the roof or take effective smoke and fire prevention measures in the room to wait for rescue.

5 Avoid taking risks by jumping off buildings to escape: During a fire, when the chosen escape route is blocked by the fire, the fire becomes bigger and the smoke becomes thicker, people will easily lose their minds. At this time, people should not jump from buildings, windows, etc., but should find another way to make a living, and must not blindly take risky behaviors.

3. Which fires cannot be extinguished with water

Once a fire occurs, people will habitually think that water can extinguish fires. In fact, fires in many cases cannot be extinguished with water. Here Listed for you are some situations in daily life where water cannot be used to extinguish fires to improve people's common sense of fire extinguishing.

1 Electrical appliances: When a fire occurs in an electrical appliance, the power supply must be cut off first. When the power cannot be cut off, do not use water or foam to save the fire, because both water and foam can conduct electricity. Carbon dioxide, 1211, dry powder fire extinguishers or dry sand should be used to put out the fire, and a distance of more than 2 meters from electrical devices and wires should be maintained. 2. Oil pan: When the oil pan is on fire, never pour water on it. Because water will form a "fryer" when it meets hot oil, causing the oil fire to splash everywhere. The method of extinguishing the fire is to quickly pour the cut cold vegetables into the pot along the edge, and the fire will automatically go out. Another method is to cover the burning oil pan with a pot lid or a large piece of wet cloth that can cover the oil pan, so that the burning oil fire cannot reach the air and lack oxygen and suffocate.

3 Fuel oil or paint: Do not pour water on fire when fuel oil or paint is stored at home. Foam, dry powder or 1211 fire extinguishing equipment or sand should be used to put out the fire.

4 Computer: If the computer catches fire, you should unplug the power source immediately and use dry powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to put out the fire. If discovered in time, you can also unplug the power and quickly cover the computer with a wet carpet or quilt. Do not pour water on the burning computer. A sudden drop in temperature can also cause the computer to explode.

5 Chemical hazardous materials: A certain amount of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, alkali metal potassium, sodium, lithium, flammable metal aluminum powder, magnesium powder, etc. are often stored in school laboratories. These items are very easy to react or burn when exposed to water and must not be extinguished with water.

4. Anti-freeze of mechanical devices

Measures for preventing cold, anti-freeze, fire prevention and anti-slip of mechanical devices in winter:

1. Do some inspections on all mechanical devices before entering winter Comprehensive repair and maintenance, oil and water management work, combined with seasonal maintenance of mechanical devices, timely replacement of the corresponding brand of lubricating oil; for mechanical devices that use antifreeze, ensure that the antifreeze meets local antifreeze requirements; for mechanical devices that do not use antifreeze, Take appropriate antifreeze measures

2. The fuel used by various vehicles should be selected according to the ambient temperature. When starting a cold vehicle, it should first travel at a low speed for a certain distance and then gradually increase the vehicle speed.

3. Before starting the engine of a vehicle in winter, it is strictly forbidden to use an open flame to heat the existing fuel system to prevent fire.

4. When driving in ice and snow, the car must be equipped with anti-skid chains; the driver should check whether the vehicle's braking device is in good condition before getting out of the car. Do not get out of the car if it does not meet the requirements. If there is a level 6 or above The operation will be suspended in bad weather conditions such as strong winds, heavy snow and fog.

5. Strictly implement the system of fixed machines and fixed personnel. Machinery custodians must stick to their posts, take good care of the equipment, and make corresponding records. Strictly implement the dispatch ticket system.

5. Measures to ensure safety during winter construction

1 Strengthen construction site management. Prevent water and ice from accumulating on construction sites and transportation roads, causing safety hazards; if there is ice and snow on scaffolding and scaffolding boards, they should be cleared before construction.

2 Eye-catching safety warning signs to prevent high-altitude falls should be set up at necessary locations. The protective sheds, protective railings and other facilities erected at the construction site must be in good condition. Before using scaffolding, check whether it complies with code requirements.

3 Personnel working at heights must wear non-slip shoes, protective gloves and other anti-slip and anti-freezing supplies, and wear safety helmets and seat belts correctly as required.

4 When encountering severe weather such as rain or snow, the accumulated water and snow at the construction site must be removed in time. It is strictly forbidden to forcefully organize construction operations in rain, snow and windy weather.

5 A strict internal approval system must be implemented for the dismantling of protective facilities such as scaffolding and safety nets at the construction site, and they must not be dismantled at will.

6 Strengthen fire and explosion prevention management, strengthen education on the prohibition of fireworks for workers, and establish and implement fire safety responsibility systems at all levels.

7 Strengthen fire management at construction sites. Fire-fighting facilities and equipment should be complete and in good condition. Get a thorough inspection before winter.

8 Strengthen on-site power consumption management. Electrical devices must be installed, maintained and managed by professional electricians, and other personnel are strictly prohibited from disassembling and assembling electrical devices at will. The laying of cables must prevent them from being smashed, rolled over, and frozen in ice and snow. Electrical lines should be inspected after snow to prevent disconnection and damage of cables from causing electric shock accidents.

9 Strengthen the anti-freeze and anti-condensation management of construction machinery and equipment. All construction machinery and equipment in use should undergo seasonal maintenance in conjunction with routine maintenance, and replace them with fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, antifreeze and battery fluid that are suitable for cold season temperatures. For mechanical devices that have been out of service for a long time, the water stored in the device and container should be drained, and records should be checked one by one. For mechanical devices that are in normal use, the water in the device memory should be drained after the machine is shut down after work.

10 Vehicles must be properly maintained during seasonal changes. Use lubricating oil and brake fluid suitable for winter use, and install cold-proof insulation covers on the engine and radiator housings. In particular, the braking system, steering system, and lighting system must be intact and reliable to ensure that the vehicle is in good condition. When closing the car in winter, the water release and tagging system must be adhered to to prevent the tank volume from freezing and cracking. When driving on icy and snowy roads, it is necessary to control the speed of the vehicle, prohibit high-speed driving, avoid emergency steering and emergency braking, and do not allow sudden acceleration or sudden acceleration of the accelerator. Anti-skid chains should be installed on severely icy and snowy roads. Vehicles should maintain a driving distance while driving, and appropriately lengthen the distance between vehicles and reduce vehicle speed to prevent rear-end collisions.

6. The windproof and typhoon-resistant safe operation of large-scale hoisting machinery at seaports and terminals mainly includes two aspects:

The first is daily windproof work, mainly to prevent unexpected emergencies during operations. Gusty issues and post-work wind safety practices.

The second is to resist the harm of typhoons to cranes, which is the so-called problem of cranes resisting typhoons. The main content of fighting against typhoons includes safe operations before the typhoon, during and after the typhoon.

The combined issues of lifting machinery's anti-gust and anti-typhoon issues are what people often call "anti-wind and anti-typhoon

1. Frequently check the traveling brake, anti-climbing and anti-skid braking device, anchoring, mooring and other wind protection equipment. Anti-typhoon device to maintain good technical condition and operational reliability.

2 After each operation, the crane should be parked at the designated location and anchored firmly to ensure that the crane is properly anchored. The anti-climbing device is in the anti-skid braking state. The anti-skid module is inserted under the wheels of the large wheel, the hook is raised to the top, the grab is lowered to the ground, the spreader of the shore container crane is raised to the highest position, and the front girder is retracted to the minimum. Amplitude, lock the lifting trolley, place each operating handle in the zero position, and cut off the power supply.

3 When encountering wind gusts above the design level during operation, the operation should be stopped and wind protection measures should be taken according to Article 2 above. .

4 Before the typhoon comes, the lifting machinery should be moved to the designated location and prepared for typhoon resistance according to Article 2 above, and the windproof cable should be fastened for a single door crane. When the slewing mechanism is free to rotate, the distance between each door operator should be greater than 50m. For a single door operator, when the slewing mechanism is not allowed to rotate freely, the distance between each door operator should be greater than 15m, and the anti-rotation pin and pin should be locked. Swing brake.

5 Hoisting machinery with poor wind protection facilities and insufficient wind protection capabilities should take corresponding measures to improve its wind resistance.

6 Wind protection facilities should be inspected at any time during a typhoon. In good condition, handle any problems promptly. After the typhoon, conduct a comprehensive inspection of windproof and typhoon-resistant facilities and repair damaged facilities in a timely manner.

7. Winter theft prevention

Theft cases are frequent in winter. During the Spring Festival, especially as the Spring Festival approaches, home anti-theft is particularly important. Based on years of experience in investigating and solving crimes, the police will share with the general public some home anti-theft safety knowledge and remind the general public to take precautions and work together with the police. , Build a beautiful and safe home.

1. Close the windows and lock the doors to prevent thieves from breaking in when you go out or sleep. Doors and windows should be closed before sleeping, and the security doors should be locked from the inside. Do not open the windows when there is no one at home. Do not close the door with the door closed, and be sure to check whether the doors and windows are locked. Okay. If you have an anti-theft lock, be sure to turn on the anti-theft device so that the anti-theft lock can play a real role.

2. Take care of your keys and don’t throw them away. Leave it to others or leave it lying around to prevent "uninvited guests" from copying or stealing.

3. Citizens should close their doors and windows as tightly as possible before going to bed at night to prevent thieves from using "fishing methods" to steal property. Place wallets, mobile phones, gold and silver jewelry and other valuables as well as wallets, purses, handbags and other bags on bedside tables, tabletops, floors and other exposed areas that are easily caught by strips and take off your clothes before going to bed. , especially clothing containing valuables such as wallets, mobile phones, credit cards, etc., should be stored in cupboards to prevent theft.

4. Do a good job in technical anti-theft. Reinforcement of doors and windows is very important to prevent theft. Anti-theft doors and windows must be installed wherever they need to be installed. For families where conditions permit, it is best to install a burglar alarm.

5. Don’t store too much cash at home, and keep valuables in a place where they are difficult to be discovered by outsiders.

6. Learn to set up the ecstasy array. When the whole family goes out for a short time at night, it is best to turn on a light or turn on the radio; when the whole family goes out for a long time, some clothes should be dried on the balcony to make it difficult for criminals to judge whether there is anyone at home, so they dare not attack rashly.

7. Do a good job of neighborhood watch. When you go out, you should say hello to your neighbors, nearby relatives, and friends, and ask for help in taking care of the cold, anti-freeze, anti-skid, and anti-virus knowledge in winter

1. Basic knowledge about cold and antifreeze

In winter, do It is very necessary to protect yourself from the cold and keep warm. Today, I will introduce you to some tips on preventing cold and freezing in winter.

1. In winter, you should try to reduce the number of times you wash your face. Do not use overheated water when washing your face. Water temperature that is too high will directly burn the panel. On the other hand, it will also wash away the oil on the face, which will not protect the panel and may easily cause the panel to dry out. In addition, it is best to wait half an hour after washing your face before going out. This can reduce the damage of the cold wind to the facial panel.

2. Lips are particularly prone to dryness in winter. Some people like to lick their lips with their tongues and use saliva to keep their lips moist. However, the effect is counterproductive and the more they lick, the drier they become. This is because saliva contains viscous amylase. After the saliva water left on the lips evaporates, the amylase will remain on the lips like a layer of paste, which is more likely to cause dry lips, or even rupture and bleeding. To protect your lips in winter, it is best to use lip balm.

3. The time for washing your hair should be particular. In winter, you should choose a time of day when the temperature is higher. Do not wash your hair before going to bed, because generally after washing your hair with hot water, the capillaries on the scalp will expand. , the body radiates more heat to the surroundings. At the same time, your hair is wet after washing, and a lot of heat will be taken away when the water evaporates. Going to bed at this time can easily cause a cold.

4. Clothing should not be too tight. It is generally believed that to keep warm in winter, you should wear more clothes and wear them tighter. In fact, this is a one-sided understanding. If the clothes are too tight, the blood circulation of the human body will be hindered to a certain extent, which is not conducive to keeping warm. For example, wearing shoes and socks that are too tight will lead to poor blood flow in the feet, and the heat will not reach the feet smoothly, making the feet feel colder. If this happens for a long time, it will lead to the occurrence of chilblains.

5. Rub and rub to prevent frostbite. In cold weather, many people will suffer from frostbite on their hands, feet, face and other places. A simple method to treat chilblains is the hot ironing method. Use a hair dryer to aim at the affected area about 20 cm away from the panel, and blow hot air slowly for 5 minutes to speed up blood circulation in the panel. The second is the massage method, which is to massage the affected area after reducing the heat in the hands. If persisted for a long time, it has a good effect on treating chilblains. In addition, rubbing your hands and stamping your feet frequently can also effectively prevent chilblains.

2. Tips on anti-slip on the road

Everyone may have had the experience of slipping while riding a bicycle or walking on a snowy day. How to prevent slipping? In fact, everyone knows about anti-skid. , friction should be increased.

1. Regarding the anti-skid of bicycles, you can deflate 1/3 of the air in the front and rear tires. This can increase the contact area between the tires and the ground, increase the friction, and achieve the purpose of anti-skid. Although cycling like this will be a little tiring, it will greatly increase the safety factor.

2. Regarding anti-slip when walking, you can prepare 2 ropes with a thickness of 1 cm and tie them to the shoes respectively. It is best to wrap them around more than 2 times, and then tie them firmly at the ankles. . This trick is very effective, as the elderly and children are more likely to fall, so it is very suitable to do this.

3. Knowledge on preventing gas poisoning

1. When using a coal stove for heating in winter, the coal stove must first install a chimney, and check whether the coal stove and chimney are leaking. Whether there is any blockage, whether it is unobstructed, and the smoke exhaust direction shall be determined according to the local wind direction to prevent the wind from blowing down.

2. As the saying goes, "It is better to be deserted than smoke and smoke." When sleeping at night, do not block the damper of the stove, set up vents in the house, and pay attention to the circulation of indoor air.

3. A newly lit coal stove is most likely to produce carbon monoxide. You should open the windows in time for ventilation and wait until the fire is strong before sealing the fire. Do not use wet coal to seal the fire. After sealing the fire, unburned ashes should be cleaned up in time.