International settlement is also called "international settlement". Settlement and liquidation of creditor's rights and debts arising from economic, political and cultural exchanges between countries through international currency receipts and payments. The monetary income and expenditure and its affiliated expenses caused by international trade are called trade settlement; Currency receipts and payments caused by non-trade transactions such as expatriate remittance, labor service supply, overseas travel, profit transfer, fund allocation and expenses of overseas institutions are called non-trade settlement. Trade settlement is the main content of international settlement. If the balance of payments is settled directly by transporting currency and metals, it is called cash settlement; Settlement of debts by bill transfer and transfer is called non-cash settlement or transfer settlement. In the pre-capitalist period, international settlement was mainly carried out in cash.
International settlement is divided into trade settlement and non-trade settlement. Classification basis: the causes of the relationship between creditor's rights and debts.
Trade settlement:
It mainly includes bills-capital documents, remittance methods, collection, letters of credit, letters of guarantee, guaranteed payment agents, forfaiting and other businesses.
Non-trade settlement:
It mainly includes non-trade remittances, non-trade letters of credit, traveler's checks, purchase and receipt of non-trade bills, credit cards, foreign currency exchange, etc.
Classification:
According to whether the used settlement currency is freely convertible, it can be divided into the following three categories:
(1) A free multilateral international settlement system is characterized by the use of freely convertible currencies.
(2) The controlled bilateral international settlement system is characterized by the use of non-convertible currencies.
(3) Multilateral settlement system within regional economic groups.
According to the tools and means of payment used, it can be roughly divided into four categories:
(1) Cash/currency settlement. This is the original settlement method, that is, the buyer pays first, the seller delivers first, and the money and goods are paid off. Usually called cash on delivery, it is seldom used now.
(2) bill settlement.
(3) voucher settlement.
(4) Telecom settlement.
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