It is mainly divided into the following three categories:

1. Green credit.

Green credit is a credit operation system that uses the impact of credit applicants on the environment as the basis for decision-making. That is, giving priority to low-carbon, environmentally friendly credit applicants or projects, and deferring or canceling loans that cannot meet environmental standards. Issue credit funds to requested enterprises and projects, and even recover existing credit funds for these enterprises and projects. Its main forms are: financing ecological protection, ecological construction and green industries, building a new financial system and improving financial instruments. Judging from international experience, there are seven main categories of green credit products: project financing, green credit cards, transportation loans, auto loans, commercial construction loans, home equity loans, and housing mortgage loans.

2. Carbon credit contract.

Carbon credit transactions mainly include quota-based transactions and project-based transactions. Project-type transactions mainly include primary and secondary CDM transactions and emissions reduction units (ERUs) transactions under the Joint Implementation Mechanism (JI). Quota-based transactions include allocated quantity units (AAU) under the Kyoto Protocol, or EU quotas (EUAs) under the EU Emissions Trading System (EUETS). Developed countries that have exceeded their emission reduction tasks can trade in the quota trading market. The remaining emission reduction units will be sold to countries that do not meet emission reduction targets.

3. Low-carbon stocks (bonds).

Low-carbon stocks generally refer to a class of stocks with the concept of low-carbon economy in the securities market. The low-carbon industrial system includes thermal power emission reduction, new energy vehicles, building energy conservation, industrial energy conservation and emission reduction, and circular economy. , resource recycling, environmental protection equipment, energy-saving materials, etc. Low-carbon bonds are debt certificates issued to investors by governments and enterprises to raise funds for low-carbon economic projects and promise to pay interest and repay principal at maturity within a certain period. Its core feature is to combine the CDM income of low-carbon projects with the bond interest rate. Horizontal hook. Carbon bonds can be divided into carbon government bonds and corporate carbon bonds according to the issuing entity.

Carbon structured products refer to products that combine fixed income securities and derivative contracts related to carbon emission reduction. For example, since April 2007, several foreign banks such as ABN Amro, HSBC, Deutsche Bank and Bank of East Asia, as well as the Chinese-funded Shenzhen Development Bank, have successively launched “climate change” themed structured financial products in the market, as shown below Several characteristics: First, the linked targets are mostly climate indexes, climate change funds, or a basket of stocks related to climate change; second, the payment terms are mostly bullish structures, that is, the greater the increase in the linked targets, the greater the product’s income. The higher the level; third, the investment threshold varies from 10,000 yuan in foreign currency to 150,000 yuan; fourth, it is significantly affected by the global economic situation and the price of basic carbon financial instruments.