1. Classification and enumeration questions

1. List three major examples of ancient humans or ancient human sites in my country, and tell their respective survival times and site locations.

Yuanmou Man (site): about 1.7 million years ago, Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province.

Peking Man (site): About 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, in the Zhoukoudian cave in southwest Beijing.

Stop Cave Man (Relics): About 30,000 years ago, in a cave at the top of Zhoukoudian Mountain in southwest Beijing.

2. List three examples of ancient humans in my country who used stone tools (Paleolithic tools).

Yuanmou people, Beijing people, Shandong cave people.

3. List two examples of ancient humans who lived in groups.

Yuanmou people and Beijing people.

4． List two representatives of the original inhabitants of my country's agricultural era, and tell their respective survival times and site locations.

Original inhabitants of Hemudu: Hemudu Village, Yuyao, Zhejiang, about 7,000 years ago.

Original inhabitants of Banpo: Banpo Village, Xi'an, Shaanxi, about five or six thousand years ago.

5. List four examples of representatives of primitive residents during the clan commune period of our country.

Stop cave people, original residents of Hemudu, original residents of Banpo and original residents of Dawenkou.

6． List two examples of representatives of ancient humans or primitive inhabitants in the Yangtze River Basin of my country.

Yuanmou people, original residents of Hemudu.

7. List three representative examples of ancient humans or primitive inhabitants in the Yellow River Basin of my country.

Pekingese, Shandong cave people, and Banpo original inhabitants.

8． List two representative examples of the original inhabitants of our country who used ground stone tools (Neolithic tools).

The original residents of Hemudu and Banpo.

9. List several world-wide contributions from my country’s primitive farming era. (3 cases)

my country is the first country to plant rice in the world;

my country is the first country to plant millet in the world;

my country is the first country in the world to plant rice. The country that first cultivated vegetables.

10. List the five leaders of tribal alliances in the Yellow River Basin of my country.

Huang Di, Yan Di, Yao, Shun and Yu.

11. List the Yellow Emperor’s contributions to Chinese civilization.

The Yellow Emperor built palaces, made clothes, taught people to dig wells, and invented boats and carts, laying the foundation for the basic necessities of life for later generations. His wife Leizu invented silkworm rearing and silk reeling, his subordinate Cangjie invented writing, and Linglun compiled music scores.

12. Write about ancient humans or primitive inhabitants according to relevant prompts.

(1) The earliest known human in my country:

(2) It also retains some characteristics of apes, but the division of labor between hands and feet is obvious:

( 3) Have mastered polishing and drilling techniques, and can make bone needles and decorations:

(4) Plant rice and live in stilt houses:

(5) Planting Millet, living in semi-burrowed houses:

(Yuanmou people, Beijing people, Shandong cave people, original residents of Hemudu, original residents of Banpo.)

13. Write down relevant historical figures according to the prompts.

(1) The origin of the descendants of Yan and Huang:

(2) Respected as the Xuanyuan clan, the ancestor of China or the "first ancestor of humanities":

(3 ) Build palaces, make clothes, teach people to dig wells, invent boats and carts:

(4) Invent silkworm rearing and reeling:

(5) Compile music scores:

(6) Invent words:

(7) Live a frugal life, self-restraint and love the people:

(8) Be generous to others and lead by example:

(9) Control floods and share the joys and sorrows with the masses:

(10) Concession system:

(11) Establishment of the Xia Dynasty:

(12) Chapter A king who transformed from the leader of a tribal alliance into a slave country:

(Yan Di, Huang Di; Huang Di; Huang Di; Lei Zu; Ling Lun; Cang Jie; Yao; Shun; Yu; Yao, Shun, Yu; Yu; Yu)

2. Comprehensive inquiry questions

1. What improvements are there in the life of Shanshanshan cave people compared with those in Beijing?

(1) In terms of physical characteristics: Peking Man also retained some characteristics of apes, and the appearance of the top cave man was basically the same as that of modern humans.

(2) In terms of production tools: Beijingers use chipped stone tools, while the top cave people have mastered polishing and drilling techniques.

(3) In terms of production and life: Beijingers are engaged in hunting and gathering, using natural fire; Shandong cave people can also fish, make artificial fire, sew clothes, make decorations, and know how to love beauty.

(4) In terms of social organization: Beijingers live in groups, while Shandong cave people form clans based on blood relationships.

2． What are the uses of fire? What is the historical significance of the use of fire?

Uses: It can be used to grill food, drive away wild animals, provide lighting and protect against cold.

Significance: The use of fire has enhanced people's ability to adapt to nature and is a major progress in human evolution.

3. Please imagine what a day in the life of Beijingers is like. Write a short essay based on your own imagination. The requirements include reasonable imagination, fluent language, and no less than 200 words.

A day in the life of a Pekingese

On a certain day about 700,000 years ago, when dawn fell in the cave of Longgu Mountain in Zhoukoudian, southwest of Beijing, our ancestors, the Pekingese, began to A day in the life. More than a dozen strong men took rough stone tools and wooden sticks and set off with torches to hunt in the forest. Some women began to go to places not far from the cave to collect some wild fruits and dig out some plant roots with stone tools. Some old and young people stayed in the cave, and they were responsible for taking care of the fire. to prevent the fire from going out. In the afternoon, the working people gradually returned to the cave. People began to sit around the fire and grill the game they had caught. The old man distributed the food equally to everyone. As night fell, the people in Beijing lit fires at the entrance of the cave to prevent wild beasts from attacking. After a day's work, people fell into a deep sleep.

4. If a Beijinger and a caveman met, what would they say? Please describe a conversation between Beijingers and Shandong cave people based on the historical knowledge you have. The conversation should reflect their respective physical characteristics and production and living conditions.

Beijingers: Hello. Why haven't I seen you? Where do you live?

Stop Cave Man: I live on the top of Longgu Mountain.

We are very close, we are neighbors. Huh? Why do you look different from us? Wow! Not dressed yet? So ashamed!

Beijinger: Yes, our appearance still retains some characteristics of apes. We don't know how to sew clothes. What do you use to sew your clothes? Could you please introduce your living conditions, please?

Cave Man: Okay, we use bone needles to sew animal skins into clothes. Look at the decorations hanging around our necks, which are sea clam shells or small stones we picked up. It's made by grinding and drilling. It's pretty. We live together because we are related by blood. We can make fire and fish ourselves. We can travel very far. I have even seen the sea.

Beijingers: Wow, I envy you so much. We are far behind you. There are dozens of us living together now, but we are not necessarily related by blood. Only rough stone tools can be made. The most important thing is that we don’t know how to make fire artificially yet, we always have to be careful to preserve natural fire. If the fire is accidentally extinguished, it will be tragic. We didn’t dare to go far, let alone see the sea. Friends, let us go and study with you now.

Cave Man: OK, welcome to study.

5． What progress have the original residents of Hemudu made in production and life compared with the people of Beijing and Shandong Cave?

The original residents of Hemudu had used ground stone tools, plowed the land, and planted rice. They lived in stilt-style houses and lived a settled life. They had dug wells to make drinking water more convenient, and they also raised livestock. , can make pottery, and can make simple jades and primitive musical instruments.

6． The similarities and differences between the original inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo.

Similarities: (1) They both started a primitive farming life;

(2) They both used grinding tools, mainly plowing the ground for cultivation;

(3) Agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts have appeared in all of them;

(4) They have built houses and lived a settled life.

Differences: (1) Different survival times and locations: Hemudu is located in the Yangtze River Basin about 7,000 years ago, while the original inhabitants of Banpo are located in the Yellow River Basin about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago.

(2) Planting of food crops is different: the original residents of Hemudu cultivated rice; the original residents of Banpo cultivated millet.

(3) House structures are different: Hemudu lives in stilt-style houses; Banpo original residents live in semi-crypt-style houses.

7. We have already learned something about our country’s ancient humans and primitive inhabitants. If one day you visit the sites of these ancient humans or primitive inhabitants, can you introduce your knowledge to the tourists and act as a small tour guide? Now please choose an ancient human or primitive resident to try writing a tour guide.

For example: Participate in the Banpo original inhabitants site.

Hello, tourists:

Let me introduce to you the living conditions of the original residents of Banpo. The original inhabitants of Banpo lived five to six thousand years ago. It is named after the site is located in Banpo Village, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. Let us first take a look at the production tools of the original inhabitants of Banpo. These tools are polished stone tools used to cultivate land and wooden grass. These are stone knives used to harvest crops. These are bone arrowheads, fishing spears, and fishing hooks unearthed here, which the Banpo people used for hunting and fishing. Looking here again, these are millet seeds unearthed in Banpo, indicating that the main crop they grew was millet. These are cabbage and mustard seeds, indicating that they have been able to grow these vegetables. Finally, let us take a look at the development of Banpo's handicraft industry. This is a basin with a human face and fish pattern, which fully demonstrates the superb craftsmanship of Banpo painted pottery. It is engraved with human faces and fish patterns, and there are also some carved symbols on the edge of the basin. Some scholars believe that these symbols may be the prototype of early writing. This is an unearthed spinning wheel, which shows that Banpo people are already capable of spinning, weaving, and making clothes. Through these cultural relics, the original life scenes of Banpo people are relatively comprehensively displayed.

Okay, that’s it for my introduction, thank you all!

8． Assuming that the original residents of Hemudu and the original residents of Banpo can visit each other after the harvest in autumn, can you use the materials provided in the textbook to design a schedule for each of them to receive each other for a day, including a recipe with two meals and a day activities.

9. Why do Chinese people today call themselves “descendants of Yan and Huang”?

About four to five thousand years ago, there were many tribes living in our country. Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang were the leaders of two of them. Their two tribes united and defeated the powerful Chiyou tribe in the east. form an alliance. After long-term development, the future Huaxia ethnic group was formed, the predecessor of the Han ethnic group and the main body of the Chinese nation. The Yellow Emperor is recognized as the ancestor of the Chinese people. At the same time, there were many inventions and creations during the Yellow Emperor's period, which laid the foundation of Chinese civilization and had a significant impact on the development of later generations. We are proud of this. To express our respect for our ancestors, we all call ourselves For the "descendants of Yan and Huang".

10. What is the abdication system? When did this system appear, and which tribal alliance leaders were associated with it? What noble qualities do these tribal alliance leaders have? How do you evaluate this system? What qualities do you think a leader should have?

The abdication system is a system for democratically selecting leaders of tribal alliances at the end of my country's primitive society.

When Yao was old, he consulted the leaders of various tribes and recommended Shun as his successor. When Shun got old, he adopted the same method and gave up his position to Yu who had done great work in controlling floods.

Yao lived a frugal life, restrained himself and loved the people; Shun treated others generously and set an example; Yu led the people to control floods and shared the joys and sorrows with the masses.

I think the abdication system is a very democratic system, through which some talented people become leaders of tribal alliances. Conducive to social progress.

I believe that leaders should have noble qualities, be generous to others, lead by example, and be able to share joys and sorrows with the masses.

3. Material analysis questions

1. Reading materials:

Material 1: In the ancient world, there were few people and many beasts, and the people were invincible to the beasts, insects, and snakes.

——"Han Feizi"

Material 2: In the Peking Man ruins, a large amount of charcoal and several larger ash piles were found, as well as stones burned in the fire. Blocks, animal bones and trees, etc.

Material 3: In the ancient world,... there were many diseases among the people. There was a saint who made it by drilling a flint to make fire to dissolve the fishy smell. The people talked about it and made it king in the world. They called it the Suiren clan.

Please answer: (1) When does Material 1 describe the situation? In this dangerous environment, what kind of life do people have to live?

(2) What does Material 2 prove? What is the historical significance of the facts it proves?

(3) What major changes in people’s lives in primitive society are reflected in material three? Who has started to experience this phenomenon?

Answer: (1) It depicts the situation in primitive society. People must live in groups.

(2) It proves that Beijingers can already use natural fire. The use of fire has enhanced people's ability to adapt to nature and is a major progress in the process of human evolution.

(3) It reflects that people in primitive society have been able to make fire artificially, and the top cave people are the same.

2. Reading materials:

Material 1: People in ancient times all ate the meat of animals. As for Shennong, there were many people but not enough animals. So Shen Nong used the time of heaven and the benefits of the land to control the grass and teach the people to do farming.

——"Baihutong"

Material 2: In ancient times, caves were used to live in the wilderness. Later generations of saints converted them into palaces, with upper buildings and lower buildings to wait for the wind and rain.

——"The Book of Changes"

Please answer: (1) Why does Shennong "teach the people farming" in Material 1? "According to the timing of heaven, the distribution of earth's benefits" explains how Shennong dealt with the relationship between man and nature?

(2) What historical phenomenon does Material 1 reflect? Please list two representatives of the original inhabitants of this period based on what you have learned.

(3) Material 2 explains how human habitation has changed? Please give an example.

Answer: (1) There are many people but not enough animals. It shows that he can make scientific and reasonable use of nature according to local conditions. (2) Primitive agricultural production appeared in our country. The original inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo. (3) Human beings have gone from living in caves in the wild to building houses and settling down. The ratio is similar to the semi-burrow-style houses of the Banpo people and the stilt-style houses of the original residents of Hemudu.

3. Material: "The painted pottery is exquisite, and the patterns are also multi-beaded. It may look like a human face, or it may look like a pair of fishes. As farming has become popular, people have already lived in groups. The protective trench stretches two feet, and its width is similar. However, there are no documents in the ruins. ."

——Guo Moruo

Please answer:

(1) Based on the content of the poem in the material, please guess which primitive inhabitants life it is about. depiction?

(2) Can you name a representative of the painted pottery cultural relics that “sometimes looks like a human face, sometimes looks like a pair of fishes”?

(3) What crops were cultivated by the primitive residents described in the poem "Farming Has Been Popularized"?

(4) In recent years, some scholars have gained new insights into the "no document" mentioned in the poem. Can you tell what it is?

Answer: (1) Banpo original inhabitants. (2) Banpo basin with human face and fish pattern. (3) Millet. (4) There are some carved symbols in the painted pottery, which some scholars believe may be the prototype of early writing.

4. Reading materials:

Material 1: "Intelligent and wise, the light is far away, and he has built this great cause and established himself in the east."

Material 2: Five thousand years after the founding of China, Xuanyuan of China has been passed down since ancient times. Create a compass and quell Chiyou's chaos. The world is civilized only by me.

Please answer:

(1) Material 1 is a memorial written in praise of whom?

(2) Based on the knowledge you have now, please indicate what "building this great cause" means?

(3) Whose words are the second material taken from? Who does "Shenzhou Xuanyuan" refer to? , what is he respectfully called?

(4) "Creating a compass and pacifying Chiyou's chaos" in Material 2 is related to which event?

(5) What kind of emotions towards this character do these two materials reflect?

Answer: (1) Huangdi (2) united with Emperor Yan to defeat Chiyou, and after a long period of development, the Chinese nation was formed in the future; Huangdi built palaces, made clothes, taught people to dig wells, and invented boats and carts, which laid the foundation for future generations. The basic necessities of food, clothing, housing and transportation were laid. His wife Leizu invented silkworm rearing and silk reeling, his subordinate Cangjie invented writing, and Linglun compiled music scores. These inventions brought mankind into the era of civilization. (3) Sun Yat-sen. Yellow Emperor. "The first ancestor of humanities". (4) Battle of Zhuolu. (5) Expressing reverence for the Yellow Emperor.

5． Reading Materials

Material 1: "In the journey of the Great Dao, the world is for the common good, selecting the worthy and capable, advocating trust and cultivating harmony. Therefore, we do not only care for our relatives, nor do we only have children for our children, so that we can end our old age and grow strong." Those who are useful, the young will be able to grow, and those who are modest, widowed, lonely, alone, and disabled will be supported."

——Excerpted from "The Book of Rites"

Material 2: Today. Since the great road is hidden, the world is a home. Everyone has relatives, each son has his own son, and his own goods and resources are his own. All the people in the world should follow the rules of propriety.

Please answer:

(1) What period of time does Material 1 talk about?

(2) What does "the world is for the common good, choose the talented and capable" mean?

(3) Who started the situation of "the world is one family" in Material 2? The transformation of "public world" into "family world" signifies what system replaced what system?

Answer: (1) The situation in the primitive society period. (2) It means that the world belongs to everyone, and talented sages should be selected as leaders of tribal alliances. (3) In Yu, the hereditary system replaced the abdication system.

Four. Picture recognition questions

1. Look at the picture and answer:

(1) Whose incisor fossil is this? Please write down the age and living location of this ancient human being.

(2) Some rough stone tools, as well as a large amount of charcoal chips and small pieces of burnt bones were also found in this site. Could you please analyze what these relics indicate?

(3) Will the Oriental Ancestor Worship Platform be built here in 2006? Do you know why?

Answer: (1) Yuanmou people. About 1.7 million years ago. The location is Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province.

(2) It proves that the Yuanmou people were already able to make tools and know how to use fire. (3) Because the Yuanmou people are the earliest humans in our country.

2． Look at the pictures and answer: (1) Whose head reconstructions are shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively?

(2) Please compare their physical characteristics based on the reconstruction images? Figure 1 Figure 2

(3) In what social organization do they live?

Answer: (1) Picture 1 is from Beijing, and Picture 2 is from Shanding Cave. (2) Peking Man still retains some characteristics of apes. The appearance of the cavemen on the top of the mountain is basically the same as that of modern humans. (3) Beijingers live among primitive groups and live in groups. The cavemen entered the clan.

3. Look at the picture and answer:

(1) Please indicate which three ancient human sites are ABC in the picture?

(2) What is the earliest human site discovered in my country?

(3) The two most similar sites geographically are:

(4) Please arrange them in order of their survival times.

Answer: (1) A is from Beijing, B is from Shandong Cave, and C is from Yuanmou.

(2) C Yuanmou people. (3) A and B, Beijingers and Shandingcavemen. (4)CAB.

4. The value of historical relics lies in their ability to truly reflect the historical situation at that time and provide valuable information for future generations to understand history. Please carefully observe the pictures of the unearthed cultural relics below and answer the following questions:

(1) Memory expert: In what human site was this cultural relic unearthed? How old are these cultural relics?

(2) Archaeological expert: Based on these cultural relics, what can you learn about the living conditions of this primitive inhabitants?

Answer: (1) This is a cultural relic found in the caveman site on the top of the mountain. About 30,000 years ago. (2) The cavemen have mastered the polishing and drilling techniques. They can already sew clothes with bone needles, and the decorations they wear also show that cavemen know how to love beauty. The sea clam shells indicate that the cavemen at the top of the cave had traveled very far and their range of activities had expanded.

5． Look at the picture and answer: Please write a short essay based on this picture to introduce the living conditions of the top cave people. It is required to be consistent with historical facts, fluent in language, and no less than 200 words.

Answer: About 30,000 years ago, a group of ancient people lived in a cave on the top of a mountain in Zhoukoudian, southwest of Beijing. Archaeologists call them Shanding Cave People. Their appearance is basically the same as modern people. They still use stone tools, but they have mastered polishing and drilling techniques. They can make fire artificially, make a living by gathering, hunting, and fishing. The cave people on the top of the mountain already used bone needles to sew clothes and knew how to love beauty. They have the same ancestors and have formed a clan. They live together, use public workers, work together, and distribute the fruits of labor together. There is no difference between rich and poor.

6．

Please answer after looking at the pictures:

(1) Which houses did the original residents live in in Figures 1 and 2, and what are their style names?

(2) Please try to tell the advantages of the two types of houses? (Just mention two points) What determines the difference between the two types of house structures and what does it mean?

Answer: (1) Figure 1 is a stilt-style house built by the original residents of Hemudu, and Figure 2 is a semi-burrowed house built by the original residents of Banpo. (2) Dry-stall houses are ventilated and moisture-proof, and livestock can be raised underneath. Semi-underground house is warm in winter and cool in summer, saving materials. It is determined by different geographical environments and natural conditions. It shows that man has been able to develop in harmony with nature. Or people have been able to adapt to the natural environment.

7. Please name the picture below and prepare an appropriate description.

Answer: Basin with human face and fish pattern. The basin with human face and fish pattern is named after the pattern of human face and fish pattern painted on it. It was unearthed at the Banpo site in Banpo Village, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. It was made by the original inhabitants of Banpo about five to six thousand years ago. It also has some symbols engraved on it. Some scholars believe that this may be the prototype of early Chinese writing. The basin with human face and fish pattern shows us the superb craftsmanship of Banpo painted pottery.

8.

Main ruins of my country’s primitive farming era

Look at the picture and answer the questions.

(1) Which two primitive settlement sites are AB in the picture?

(2) Please compare the similarities and differences between these two original inhabitants.

Answer: (1) A is the site of the original residents of Hemudu, and B is the site of the original residents of Banpo.

(2) For the similarities and differences between the two original inhabitants, please refer to question 6 of the comprehensive inquiry question on page 3.

9． Please answer:

(1) Who is the person in the middle of this picture? What is he called?

(2) Can you describe his contribution to the Chinese nation based on the illustration?

(3) Which of the various myths and legends about inventions during the Huangdi period do you think are credible? What are some mythical ones?

(4) How should we scientifically treat historical facts and myths and legends?

Answer: (1) Yellow Emperor. "The first ancestor of humanities".

(2) The Yellow Emperor built palaces, made clothes, taught people to dig wells, and invented boats and carts, laying the foundation for the basic necessities of life for later generations. His wife Leizu invented silkworm rearing and silk reeling, his subordinate Cangjie invented writing, and Linglun compiled music scores.

(3) During the Huangdi period, it was possible to build palaces, make clothes, dig wells, make boats and carts, invent writing, compile music scores, etc., which is credible. For example, building a palace refers to being able to build a house, and the appearance of characters refers to original characters. But to say that these inventions are the personal inventions of Huangdi, Leizu, Cangjie or Linglun has the color of myth.

(4) Any invention will not be the work of one or two people, but the result of long-term exploration and practice by many people.

10． Please answer:

(1) Who is this person? What contribution has he made?

(2) What period are the characters in the portrait in?

(3) What spirit does he have that we can learn from?

(4) What is the reason for his success?

(5) How do you evaluate him?

Answer: (1) Yu. He controlled the floods, established the Xia Dynasty, and entered China into a slave society.

(2) Primitive society period.

(3) "Three times without entering the house" and the selfless spirit of enduring hardship and hard work, self-denial and devotion to public service have been passed down through the ages and become an important part of the Chinese national spirit.

(4) Summarize the experiences and lessons from failed water control; lead by example and conduct a large number of investigations and studies; take advantage of the situation, dare to innovate and adopt scientific methods; unite the people.

(5) Yu is a hero of the legendary era and a great man standing on the threshold of civilization