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Securities mainly include capital security, currency securities and commodity securities. In a narrow sense, securities mainly refer to securities products in the securities market, including property market products such as stocks, debt market products such as bonds, and derivative market products such as stock futures, options and interest rate futures.
1, classified by nature
According to its different nature, securities can be divided into three categories: voucher securities, voucher securities and marketable securities.
(1) evidence securities
A written document that simply proves a fact, such as a letter of credit, evidence, bill of lading, etc.
(2) Voucher securities
It refers to a written document, such as a certificate of deposit, that identifies the obligee as the legal obligee of private rights and proves that the obligee's obligations are effective.
(3) Securities
It is a certificate that the index has a par balance, which is used to prove that the holder or a specific subject designated by the securities has ownership or creditor's rights to a specific property. The main feature that distinguishes it from the above two kinds of securities is transferability.
2. Classification by income
Broadly speaking, securities can be divided into two categories: valuable securities and priceless securities according to whether they can bring benefits to users.
(1) Priceless securities refer to securities that cannot bring benefits to users. Including certificate securities and title securities. Voucher securities, also known as evidence securities, are documents that specifically prove certain facts, such as IOUs, receipts, tickets, etc. , generally not marketable. Ownership securities refer to securities that prove that the holder is the legal owner of a certain power, such as land ownership certificates.
(2) Securities is a kind of securities, that is, its essence is still a trading contract or contract. However, unlike other securities, securities have the following characteristics: any securities have a certain face value, any securities can be freely transferred, any securities have their own prices, and any securities can bring certain benefits to the holders in the future.
3, according to the content classification
According to the contents of securities, it can be divided into:
(1) Currency securities, which can be used instead of currency, are a commercial credit tool, mainly used for commodity trading between enterprises, payment of labor remuneration and repayment of creditor's rights and debts. Common ones include promissory notes, money orders, promissory notes and checks.
(2) Capital guarantee refers to a written document that refers to the investment of capital by an enterprise or the provision of capital to an enterprise or the state. Capital security mainly includes equity securities (ownership securities) and debt securities, such as various stocks and bonds.
(3) Goods marketable securities (commodity marketable securities) refer to the certificate of the right to take delivery, which proves that the holder of marketable securities can take out the goods listed in marketable securities on the basis of warehouse receipts, shipping documents, bills of lading and other marketable securities.