Genghis Khan, the founding monarch of Mongolia, was a famous military commander. Temujin, surnamed Bolzigit Banner, Mongolian. The Yuan Dynasty caught up with the temple name Taizu. Genghis Khan was born in a noble family in Mongolia. About 1 170, his father was poisoned by the Tatars, and his widow Yue Lun led Temujin and his brothers through a hard life for several years. The difficulties and obstacles in his youth cultivated Temujin's perseverance and courage. After the death of the Mongolian leader Khan, most Mongolians were under the control of Jamukha, and Temujin took refuge in Jamukha and nomadic with him. Temujin won and attracted people's hearts, and finally left Jamukha and established his own Voludo. /kloc-in the 1980s, Temujin was called Khan. Jamukha led zagreb ansan, taichiwu and other 13 troops to attack, and Temujin was divided into 13 wings to fight, but lost due to insufficient troops. Historically, it was called the Battle of the Thirteen Wings. 1 196, Temujin and Tori Khan of Keliebu sent troops to help the gold, and defeated the Tatars in the Variza River (now Jihe River in eastern Mongolia). Temujin was awarded the post of Chawu Hulu (minister) by Jin, and Tori Khan was named king (Tori was called Wang Khan from now on, and the language was Wang Han). Temujin and Wang Han joined forces to attack Gunaiman's department and met Naiman's headquarters on their way back to Li. Seeing that the enemy was powerful, Wang Han left without saying goodbye and left Temujin in front of Naiman. After Temujin found out, he quickly withdrew his troops and returned to his pasture Sarichuan (now west of the upper reaches of the Krulun River in Mongolia), but instead exposed Wang Han to the enemy. Wang Han was defeated. Because many Mongolians were at Wang Khan's place, Temujin was afraid that they would be swallowed up by Naiman, which was not good for him, so he sent the black blind man, Muqali, Boroqul and Chilaowen, known as the four great masters, to rescue Wang Khan and repel Naiman. Temujin was good at using contradictions in tribal wars and gradually got rid of his vassal status to Wang Han. 120 1 ~ 1202, Temujin joined forces with Wang Han and won the war with Jamukha (Tatar, Naiman and other tribal alliances). Jamukha surrendered to Wang Han. 1202, Temujin destroyed the four towers and occupied the Hulunbeier Plateau, and its strength soared. 1203, Wang Han launched a surprise attack on Temujin, and Temujin retreated to the north of the Haraha River. Soon, Temujin took Wang Khan by surprise, captured Wang Khan's tooth account, and Kelie died. In the same year, Wang Jiabu also joined Temujin. 1204, Temujin wiped out the sun-sweating Urudo and became the biggest ruler of the Mongolian Plateau.
1206, Temujin held the hulitai meeting in the south source of the river (now the Enen River in Mongolia), that is, the Great Khan of Mongolia, named Genghis Khan. In the early days of Mongolia, Genghis Khan fenced and fixed Mongolian herders at 95 thousand households. There are 100 households and less than 1,000 households 10 households. Thousands of households are vassals of Genghis Khan, and the herdsmen of each household can't leave their organizations at will, and they all have private affiliation with Yan Na. Genghis Khan gave some of the thousands of households as leaders to his brothers and sons, forming the right-hand king. Muqali and Bolshevi are the two biggest officers. Expand the Xue-fearing guard to 10000, and recruit thousands, hundreds and ten children as Xue-fearing guards, thus controlling the whole country. Shezaru Hu Chi is responsible for administrative and judicial affairs such as household registration and litigation. Genghis Khan's Khan court is a nomadic military feudal state machine developed by the traditional grassland aristocrat Frodo. After the establishment of Mongolia, a large number of primitive tribal populations were divided into different thousand households, and the boundaries of many tribes disappeared, and a common Mongolian nation began to form. Genghis Khan played a positive historical role in this respect. Neighboring parts, such as Jilikis, Uighur and Halalu, belonged to Genghis Khan in 1207, 1209 and121year respectively.
The flourishing Mongolian aristocrats are eager to have a lot of wealth. Genghis Khan invaded Xixia three times on 1205, 1207 and 1209. Xixia had to, please accept the woman and make peace. 12 1 1 year, led a great army to attack gold in the south. 12 15, Mongolian troops occupied Zhongdu, wiped out the Jin defenders in western Liaoning and captured Beijing (west of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia). 12 18 years, the western Liao Dynasty perished. 12 19, Genghis Khan led 200,000 troops to the west and launched a war of aggression against Huatuo Mozi. He invaded several roads, divided and surrounded strategic towns, and conquered them one by one. He used cruel means such as mass killing, leveling the city and releasing prisoners to shock the enemy and relieve his worries. The initiative on the battlefield is entirely on Mongolia's side. 12 19, Mongolian troops besieged Hottelart city and conquered it the following year. 1220, Genghis Khan captured Buhuala and samar Gan (now Samarkand, Uzbekistan), Shu Chi, Wokuotai and Chagatai led the troops to conquer Yulong Jiechi (now urgench, Turkmenistan), and Tuo Lei's army entered Khorasan area. Zhe Bie and Subutai were ordered by Genghis Khan to pursue Maha, the ruler of Hualamozi who fled to an island in the Caspian Sea and died of illness. Zhe Bie and northern Jiangsu led troops to invade westward as far as Crimea. 122 1 year, Tuo Lei occupied all the territory of Khorasan. Genghis Khan pursued Zalandin to the Indus River without success. 1222, Dalu Flower Pool was placed under the supervision of the occupied area. 1223, samar spent the winter and returned to China the following year. Genghis Khan's expedition to the west carried out a massacre and great destruction rarely seen in history, which brought great disasters to all ethnic groups in Central Asia. 1226, Genghis Khan went to Xixia. Xixia died the following year. 1July, 227 12, Genghis Khan died of illness. On his deathbed, he put forward the strategy of destroying the gold by uniting with the Song Dynasty. Empress Martai gave birth to four children: the eldest son, Shu Chi, was the ancestor of Chincha khanate; The second son, Chagatai, is the ancestor of the Chagatai khanate; Sanzi Wokuotai, the second generation of Mongolian Khan (Yuan Taizong); The fourth son, Tuo Lei, was later a member of the Yuan Dynasty and the royal family of Ilihan. Queen Hulan gave birth to her son Kuolejian, and her descendants entered Hejian King in Yuanfeng.
Genghis Khan unified Mongolian ministries and played a progressive role in history. Attacking gold and destroying summer laid the foundation for the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty. He has outstanding military ability, strategically attaches importance to joint attack from far to near, and tries to avoid making too many enemies. Using soldiers pays attention to the tactics of carefully exploring the enemy's situation, dividing and encircling, long-range surprise attack, feint to lure the enemy, and destroying the enemy in the movement. History says, "deep and thick, using soldiers like gods." On the other hand, the war is brutal, killing residents on a large scale and destroying the town of Tian She, which is very destructive. /kloc-in the third century, the social crisis in major feudal countries was deep, which provided favorable conditions for Genghis Khan to carry out large-scale military expansion.
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Genghis Khan, Temujin, Borzijitkin, Qi Yanshi, Mongolian. The Yuan Dynasty caught up with the temple name Taizu. Genghis Khan was born in a noble family in Mongolia. Genghis Khan unified Mongolian ministries and played a progressive role in history. Attacking gold and destroying summer laid the foundation for the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty. He has outstanding military ability, strategically attaches importance to joint attack from far to near, and tries to avoid making too many enemies. Using soldiers pays attention to the tactics of carefully exploring the enemy's situation, dividing and encircling, long-range surprise attack, feint to lure the enemy, and destroying the enemy in the movement. History says, "deep and thick, using soldiers like gods." On the other hand, the war is brutal, killing residents on a large scale and destroying the town of Tian She, which is very destructive. /kloc-in the third century, major feudal countries were deeply mired in social crisis and carried out large-scale military operations against Genghis Khan. ...
Memorabilia of Genghis Khan's life
About 1 170, his father was poisoned by the Tatars, and his widow Yue Lun led Temujin and his brothers through a hard life for several years. The difficulties and obstacles in his youth cultivated Temujin's perseverance and courage.
After the death of the Mongolian leader Khan, most Mongolians were under the control of Jamukha. Temujin took refuge in Jamukha, then left Jamukha and established his own Voludo.
/kloc-in the 1980s, Temujin was called Khan. Jamukha led zagreb ansan, taichiwu and other 13 troops to attack, and Temujin was divided into 13 wings to fight, but lost due to insufficient troops. Historically, it was called the Battle of the Thirteen Wings.
1 196, Temujin and Tori Khan of Keliebu sent troops to help the gold, and defeated the Tatars in the Variza River (now Jihe River in eastern Mongolia). Temujin and Wang Han joined forces to attack Gunaiman's department and met Naiman's headquarters on their way back to Li. Wang Han was defeated. Because many Mongolians were at Wang Khan's place, Temujin was afraid that they would be swallowed up by Naiman, which was not good for him, so he sent the black blind man, Muqali, Boroqul and Chilaowen, known as the four great masters, to rescue Wang Khan and repel Naiman. Temujin was good at using contradictions in tribal wars and gradually got rid of his vassal status to Wang Han.
120 1 ~ 1202, Temujin joined forces with Wang Han and won the war with Jamukha (Tatar, Naiman and other tribal alliances). Jamukha surrendered to Wang Han.
1204, Temujin wiped out the sun-sweating Urudo and became the biggest ruler of the Mongolian Plateau.
1206, Temujin held the hulitai meeting in the south source of the river (now the Enen River in Mongolia), that is, the Great Khan of Mongolia, named Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan played a positive historical role in forming a common Mongolian nation.
Genghis Khan invaded Xixia three times on 1205, 1207 and 1209. Xixia had to, please accept the woman and make peace.
12 1 1 year, led a great army to attack gold in the south.
12 15, Mongolian troops occupied Zhongdu, wiped out the Jin defenders in western Liaoning and captured Beijing (west of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia).
12 18 years, the western Liao Dynasty perished.
12 19, Genghis Khan led 200,000 troops to the west and launched a war of aggression against Huatuo Mozi.
1220, Genghis Khan captured samar Gan (now Samarkand, Uzbekistan), Boila, Huameizi and other cities. Zhe Bie and northern Jiangsu led troops to invade westward as far as Crimea.
122 1 year, Tuo Lei occupied all the territory of Khorasan. Genghis Khan pursued Zalandin to the Indus River without success.
1222, Dalu Flower Pool was placed under the supervision of the occupied area.
1223, samar spent the winter and returned to China the following year.
1226, Genghis Khan went to Xixia. Xixia died the following year.
1July, 227 12, Genghis Khan died of illness. On his deathbed, he put forward the strategy of destroying the gold by uniting with the Song Dynasty.
Genghis Khan (1 162 ~ 1227)
That is, Yuan Taizu. The founding Khan of Mongolia (reigned from 1206 to 1227). Outstanding strategist and politician. Temujin, a Mongolian, is a member of the A Jin family. His real name is Temujin, and his family is Jin and Mongolian. Born in 1 162, died in 1227. 1206, carrying the Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongolian Empire to unify the Mongolian tribes. During his reign, he launched wars of aggression many times, conquering the Black Sea coast in the west and almost the whole of East Asia in the east. It is one of the famous great empires across Europe and Asia in world history. Temujin was born in a noble family in the begging department of Mongolia. Zu Hai Du, Gao Zudun Binai, great-grandfather Gebuluhan and great-grandfather Anbahaidu are prominent figures or leaders of the Mongolian Ministry. Father should soon have the title of Eight Doors (Warriors). At that time, there were more than 100 tribes in Mobei Plateau, attacking each other. When Temujin was born, it coincided with his father's capture of Temujin, the leader of Tata's children's department, so he took this name to commemorate the military commander in service. When Temujin was 9 years old, his father was poisoned by Tata people and the people were separated. He lived with his widowed mother, Moon Lun, and was captured by other tribes. He was almost killed and escaped with his agility. A little longer, attach yourself to Tory, the most powerful leader of the Mongolian Plateau (later known as King Khan) and respect him as the father, so that you can gather your father's old staff; He and Jamukha, the leader of Zagreb's Ansan Department, became an Ansan (righteous brother) and gradually developed their own power. In order to avenge the theft of his wife for Meiere's begging department, Wang Han and Jamukha were asked to send troops. Tens of thousands of soldiers of this department suddenly attacked Meiere's begging department, beheaded many enemies and regained their wives. In the last years of Jin Dading, he moved to the upper reaches of Lvlian River (now Krulun River), set up accounts independently, made extensive alliances, selected talents, and was generous to others, which attracted many Mongolian ministries and Qi Yanshi nobles to vote, and was called Khan. At the end of Jin Dading or the beginning of Ming Chang, Jamukha turned back and led the 13 Coalition forces to attack with 30,000 people. Temujin summoned 30,000 troops from various ministries and divided them into 13 wings (wings, meaning battalion or circle) to fight. After losing, he retreated, which is called the Battle of Thirteen Wings in history. Because Temujin is good at winning people's hearts, many people in Jamukha have defected and strengthened their own strength. In the first year of Cheng 'an (1 196), together with Wang Han, Wan, the prime minister of the Jin Dynasty, killed many people below Minister Tatar and was awarded Zawu Huli (tribal officer) by the Jin Dynasty. Join hands with Wang Han again and defeat the Hadajin and others in the alliance 1 1 Coalition. In the first year of Taihe (120 1), he led the army to break the loose alliance organized by Jamukha. The following year, he was attacked by Naiman allies and retreated to the walls of Phnom Penh. Defeated Naiman Allied Forces in the wilderness of Kuyitian (now the upper reaches of the Haraha River), attacked and destroyed the four Tatars. Because of his growing power, Wang Han was jealous and hostile. In three years, it was raided by Wang Han and defeated Banbini River (now southwest of Hulun Lake). He and his followers vowed to tide over the difficulties. Then he moved to the middle reaches of the Hehehe River (Halaha), and collected more than 4,600 riders (say 2,600) from the scattered departments, and gradually recovered after rest. After the investigation, it was learned that Wang Khan was arrogant and unguarded, and attacked Wang Khan's camp at night, defeating all of them. Wang Han escaped alone, was killed by Naiman, and Ke Lie was killed. In four years, I built a timid (defender). Soon, Naiman leader Sun Khan attacked, cleverly arranged a puzzle, captured and killed Sun Khan alive, conquered his army, and forced Hadajin, Doruban and other troops to surrender. By the first year of Genghis Khan (1206), many tribes, large and small 100, on the Mongolian Plateau were defeated, and the five major parts of Tatar, Kelie, Mirqi, Naiman and Mongolia were unified under the banner of Temujin. Temujin then held a big party at the source of the South River (now the Nen River) and established Yekemeng Urus (Great Mongolia), honoring Genghis Khan (the name means "ocean" or "powerful" emperor). Expand the fear of Xue to ten thousand people and call it Dazhong Army. Organize thousands of people with the unity of soldiers and people, mount horses to prepare for war, dismount and gather for grazing. Life "four jie" Boroqul, black blind, Muqali, ChiLaoWen for four fear Xue Chang. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Genghis Khan became increasingly powerful and began to wage large-scale wars abroad. After more than 20 years of Xia Meng War, it repeatedly created the main force of Xia Jun, forcing the Xixia king to beg for mercy and surrender, clearing the northwest barrier of the rulers and successfully capturing the gold in the south. In six years, he led the army to attack the gold, which opened the Mongolian-gold war for 24 years. Wushabao (now northwest of Zhangbei, Hebei) won the first battle; Then hit Yehuling (now the northwest of Wanquan, Hebei Province) and Huihe Fort (now the southeast of Huai 'an) and annihilate a large number of elite 8 Jin Army; He also attacked Huailai (now Hebei) and Gashan (now Yanqing, Beijing) and defeated more than 100,000 Jin Jun; It also hit the Jin Army in Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi) and Juyongguan. Later, he constantly changed his tactics and attacked the hinterland of the Central Plains and western Liaoning for plunder in three ways. 1March, 999, the enemy arrived at the gate of Zhongdu (now Beijing). At that time, it was difficult to conquer the city, so he sent messengers to make peace, forcing the rulers to offer Qi Country Princess, gold silks and horses and lead the troops out of Juyongguan. In June, under the pretext that the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Nanjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and "broke the contract", three troops were sent to meet Badou and graphite Ming 'an and lead the army to attack Zhongdu. In May of the following year, we attacked the city to help surrender. In order to meet the needs of siege, Genghis Khan adopted the strategy of building the Ministry, and gradually established the artillery army, with artillery stones as the first priority in siege. Later, when attacking the city, hundreds of guns were used at a time, and the city was quickly broken. At the same time, we attach importance to absorbing the advanced technology of all ethnic groups and recruit skilled craftsmen. A city will earn tens of thousands of dollars. Subsequently, an army of craftsmen was established and a factory was established to smelt iron and make weapons. In communication, it has created "the arrow travels quickly", traveling hundreds of miles every day, and the speed of military order transmission and military deployment has increased. He is good at exerting the advantages of cavalry, making Mongolian cavalry as sick as a hurricane and as strong as a mountain. He is called "Mongolian whirlwind". 12 years, Genghis Khan made Muqali his surname and king, commanded the Golden War, and returned to Mongolia to prepare for the Western Expedition. The following year, Zhe Bie, a pioneer general, was sent to wipe out the forces of the Western Liao Dynasty and Qu Chulu, clearing the way for the Western Expedition. In fourteen years, he led about 200,000 troops to the Western Expedition on the grounds of killing Mongolian businessmen and envoys in the western regions and for the purpose of military expansion and looting of property. In a few years, Ortera (the middle reaches of the Syr Darya River), Bukhara and Samarkand were successively conquered. Zhe Bie and Subutai were sent to hunt down Mahamo, King of Walamoz, and were forced to flee to an island in the Kuantian Keith Sea (now Caspian Sea) (later died of illness). Then ordered Zhe Bie, northern Jiangsu to continue westward, as far as the Crimean peninsula; He led the army to pursue Zalandin, the son of Maha, to Shenhe (Indus River). In nineteen years, slate returned to Mobei. Twenty-one years, the rate of 654.38+ ten thousand troops annihilated the main force of Xixia Army (Xixia perished the following year). Genghis Khan tried to concentrate on attacking gold. In the 22nd year (1August 25th, 227), he died on July12nd in Xiaqingshui County (now Gansu Province) of Liupanshan at the age of 66. Last wish: Take advantage of the disharmony between Song and Jin Dynasties, and use the territory of Song Dynasty to unite with Song Dynasty to destroy Jin Dynasty. His sons Wokuotai and Tuo Lei followed this policy and perished the Jin Dynasty in the sixth year of Wokuotai Khan (1234). Genghis Khan's military career has been nearly 50 years. He has made great achievements by relying on a group of generals and counselors who can recruit good fighters and taking advantage of cavalry. He is good at running the army, creating and commanding the Mongolian army. He is well-trained, disciplined, good at field work and overcomes difficulties. In the face of many enemies, be good at using contradictions, strike another one with one blow and break them one by one; Tactically, he is good at fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses, practicing deception skillfully, avoiding reality and attacking the virtual, attacking in multiple ways, making circuitous raids and making quick decisions. Attach importance to maintaining wars by fighting. His military thought and command art play an important role in the world military history and have a great influence on later generations. Genghis Khan is an outstanding figure in the development history of the Chinese nation. The military conquest activities of Genghis Khan himself and his descendants overcame the man-made obstacles of land transportation between the East and the West at that time, greatly promoted the cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and promoted the progress of human civilization. In the East, Genghis Khan and his descendants leveled the confrontation between several regimes in Chinese mainland since the Tang Dynasty, and finally laid the basic map of modern China. Therefore, in his poem "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan", President Mao Zedong juxtaposed Genghis Khan with the emperors with outstanding martial arts in the Han nationality, namely Qin Shihuang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Taizong and Song Taizu.