Three basic functions of enterprise organization: production management, marketing and finance. The main factors of obtaining enterprise competitiveness in operation management
Competitive factors: cost, quality, quick delivery and flexibility. Service information technology applications, environmental protection products, etc.
Factors affecting productivity: standardized Internet use, computer virus search for lost or misplaced items, wear rate, health status of new employees, damage to safety, lack of IT talents, dismissal, labor turnover rate, workplace design incentives and incentive plans to improve productivity.
Production process control is the control of the transformation process, including input control, production operation control and output control in the transformation process.
Production operation control includes production schedule control, work-in-process control, production process cost control, production process quality control and production process personnel control.
Production control factors: standards, information and measures
Production and operation control program: 1. Arrange the operation and determine the standard of production operation measures; 2. Compare the test execution result with the standard; 3. Take measures to correct the deviation; The fourth step is information feedback.
The production scheduling task checks the implementation of the production operation plan, grasps the implementation of the plan, and takes necessary adjustment measures in time; Check the preparation of production operations, urge and coordinate relevant departments to do a good job in production preparation; According to production needs, rationally allocate production resources to ensure coordinated and balanced production in all production links and workplaces.
Production scheduling principles: planning, foresight, centralization, emphasis and timeliness.
Production scheduling system: duty, meeting and reporting system.
WIP control: WIP control in workshop and semi-finished product control in inventory.
Cost control procedures:
1 Set cost standards: plan index decomposition method, budget method and quota method of cost accounting 2; Data include production progress data, attendance registration, picking registration and distribution registration. Analyze the deviation and correct it in time. (1) Propose a topic. (2) discussion and decision-making; (3) Determine the methods, steps and specific departments and personnel responsible for implementing the plan. 4) Implement the determined scheme.
The basic work of cost control: establish a strict expense examination and approval system, strengthen and improve the collection, recording, transmission, summary and arrangement of actual costs, and strengthen employees' cost awareness.
The purpose of production performance assessment is to reflect the quality and overall level of all work in the production process through the assessment of the behavior results of the production process, and provide information for the planning and control of production activities, so as to adjust and control the production process, effectively allocate resources and achieve the operational objectives of the production process.
Production performance evaluation factors: quantity, quality, delivery time and cost.
Production Performance Appraisal Procedure 1 Set appraisal standards and make performance plans; 2. Performance evaluation and communication; 3 Use the evaluation results
Production performance evaluation methods: qualitative expert evaluation method, quantitative index evaluation method, target management method.
Supply chain management: regard all enterprises in the supply chain as an inseparable whole, and make the functions of procurement, production, distribution and sales shared by all enterprises in the supply chain become a coordinated development organism.
Problems to be solved in the implementation of supply chain management: high supply chain cost, high inventory level, inter-departmental conflict, target reconstruction, shortened product life cycle, intensified external competition, economic development uncertainty, price increase and exchange rate impact, and diversified user needs.
Equipment management: refers to the comprehensive management of all equipment material movement forms and value movement forms in the equipment life cycle through a series of technical, economic and organizational measures according to the production and operation objectives of the enterprise.
The necessity of studying reliability: the complexity of equipment and system, the increasingly bad use environment of equipment and system, and the shortening of product life cycle.
Daily inspection: refers to the routine inspection and regular inspection conducted by operators and full-time security personnel in the process of equipment operation according to the inspection frequency and inspection items specified in the equipment management plan; Refers to the regular inspection and key inspection conducted by equipment technicians, maintenance personnel and operators in accordance with the equipment operation procedures and related plans; Refers to the inspection items determined by the equipment management department according to the statistics, daily inspection and regular inspection of equipment operation laws, or according to the laws of similar equipment problems in the same industry.
Maintenance types: including minor repairs, medium repairs and overhaul maintenance decisions: including equipment condition monitoring decisions and equipment maintenance plan decisions.
Quality: the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics meets the requirements.
Quality management: the sum total of all related management activities such as planning, organizing, implementing, controlling, inspecting, auditing and improving in order to make the product quality meet the constantly updated quality requirements and achieve customer satisfaction.
Determination of inspection points of raw materials or purchased parts before warehousing. That is, the quality of the source is controlled before the finished product leaves the factory. As far as cost is concerned, it is much lower to deal with unqualified products in the factory than at the customer's place before high value-added operation. The most uneconomical thing is that the unqualified semi-finished products are processed by high-tech workers with precision machinery and equipment before the irreversible process. Pottery can be reprocessed before firing. Once sintered, unqualified products can only be discarded before the covering process or treated as defective products at a reduced price.
1. Environmental analysis of power enterprises: 1. Macro-analysis: political and legal factors: west-to-east power transmission law, power supply and consumption business rules; Economic factors: the power industry is a capital-intensive industry, which raises more funds and has a profit rate; Scientific and technological factors: solar energy, ultra-high voltage long-distance transmission technology; Social factors: improve service and establish a good image of electric power enterprises. Power load forecast, primary energy shortage of coal, water and oil 2. Competition analysis of electric power industry: analyze the competition pattern of enterprises in this industry and the relationship with other industries 1. Competitors in this industry: price competition, advertising competition, product competition, customer service and warranty business. Performance (1) power generation enterprise (2) seasonality (3) power generation cost (4) power quality (5) strategy 2. The threat of potential entrants: new entrants join the industry. Expand production capacity, prices fall, and profits fall. Performance: foreign capital: internal environment analysis of three enterprises: Yamei Power and Puyin Side Power Generation Co., Ltd.
2. Contents that should be considered in the planning and construction of power projects
This paper analyzes the necessity of social development demand of project construction, and then demonstrates the market forecast, construction conditions and address selection.
1, project overview: project overview, project development overview, main technical principles.
2. Comparison between market demand and various construction schemes: power market demand forecast and power balance, project scheme and construction scale, construction conditions and site selection, engineering technical scheme and environmental protection, and project construction implementation schedule.
3. Project investment and economic benefit analysis: engineering quantity and equipment price, budget price of materials and labor wages, determination principle and calculation method of electricity price, fund raising and estimation of total project investment.
3. Development and implementation strategy of power supply bureau
Part I Purpose, Strategic Objectives and Working Policy
Purpose: Be responsible for Guangdong Power Grid Corporation and serve the economic and social development of Shenzhen.
Two. Strategic objective: 1. Development Strategic Objectives According to the development strategic objectives of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau will be built into a modern power supply enterprise with operation, service and market. 2. Power grid development goals
Three. Working policy: The working policy of our bureau is to adhere to "six more emphasis", which is the most fundamental concept that should be grasped in the decision-making process of production, operation and management.
The second part is the development ideas and key points.
First, development ideas: strength is the foundation of development. Innovation is the soul of bureau development, and leadership is the direction of bureau development.
2. Development stage: 1 rapid development stage, 2 leading development stage and 3 continuous leading development stage.
Iii. Focus of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan: 1 Insist on planning first and build a strong power grid. 2. Insist on developing the network through science and technology, and build a safe and stable operation platform. 3. Adhere to talents to strengthen enterprises and promote the harmonious development of enterprises and people. 4. Adhere to the direction of information management and build a digital power grid. Adhere to the road of modern marketing and improve the level of customer service. Adhere to corporate culture to unite people and fully activate the team.
The third part is functional strategy: planning and development, safe production, marketing and service, financial management, human resources, scientific and technological development, informatization, corporate culture, public relations, supervision and audit.
4. Current situation analysis and management countermeasures of power plant operation management.
1. The contents of power plant operation management mainly include: (1) Strictly implement power grid dispatching. (2) Reliability management. (3) Operation management. (4) Equipment management. (5) Maintenance management. (6) Rational utilization of energy resources (7) Overall consideration, comprehensive utilization and effective measures shall be taken to meet the requirements of the state for environmental protection and meet the environmental protection standards.
2. The core content of the analysis of the present management situation of Yuanbaoshan Power Plant is "separation of power plant and network, bidding for access to the Internet". This requires power generation enterprises to make full use of their operational autonomy, base themselves on the actual situation of enterprises, and focus on improving the operational efficiency of enterprises, and carry out various beneficial explorations and practices to improve the economic benefits of enterprises.
Main technical measures for optimizing thermal power structure in industrial environment: (1) Shut down small thermal power units. (2) Retrofitting the old unit; (3) Accelerate the development of large thermal power units with high efficiency and low pollution; (4) Accelerate the development of clean coal power generation technology; (5) Encourage the development of cogeneration units. (6) Pay attention to the position of gas turbine power generation in the future thermal power development.
Analysis of economic and technical indicators The main production indicators of power plants include power generation, coal consumption for power supply, coal consumption for power generation and auxiliary power consumption rate.
3. Countermeasures to strengthen operation management in reliability management of Yuanbaoshan Power Plant —— Countermeasures to reduce the number of unplanned outages of units: operation management: safe operation management, economic operation management and operator training management; Operation analysis: The operator on duty is required to carefully monitor the disk, carefully read the meter on time and carefully check the equipment management: manage the whole process of main production equipment from design, manufacturing, debugging, use, maintenance, transformation, technical feedback to renewal and scrapping. Maintenance management: quantitative indicators for implementing responsibility process control; Energy-saving management: the management of the main and auxiliary equipment of the unit to improve the economy of the unit.
5. The application of 5.ERP management thought in electric power enterprises.
Implementation of ERP in Shanghai electric power enterprises
(1) Enterprise profile (2) Understanding of informatization (3) ERP and information technology.
(IV) Objectives of ERP implementation in power enterprises: ERP system involves enterprise finance, human resources, logistics, marketing and customer management, equipment operation and maintenance, etc. It is not only a set of management software system, but also an update of management concept. Through the implementation of ERP system, we can: provide an integrated information system to enjoy business data and materials; Straighten out and standardize business processes, eliminate repetitive work in business processing, and realize standardization and standardization of business processing; Because the data processing is completed automatically by the system, the accuracy and timeliness are greatly improved, and the analysis methods are more standardized and diverse, which not only reduces the work intensity, but also helps enterprise managers to liberate themselves from the tedious transaction processing, spend more time studying the problems existing in business processes, and study and apply modern management science to improve management level; Strengthen internal control, achieve clear division of labor and real-time control in work control, reflect the problems in each link at any time, and the system can provide the data needed for performance appraisal; Automatically coordinate the business of each department, so that the resources of the enterprise can be uniformly planned and used, the inventory can be reduced, and the capital turnover can be accelerated. All departments are connected into a whole with team spirit and work together; The decision-making layer of the company can obtain the dynamic business data of the enterprise in real time, and assist the correct decision-making through the collaborative simulation function of ERP.
Generally speaking, ERP is mainly composed of four modules: production control (planning and manufacturing), logistics management (distribution, procurement and inventory management), financial management (accounting and financial management) and human resource management.
6. Discussion on the economic characteristics and market management mode of electric power.
1 power cost analysis: including power generation cost, power purchase cost, power supply cost, power sale cost, power enterprise management cost and financial expenses incurred for raising funds.
2. Analysis of power generation cost characteristics: the fixed cost of power generation is high; Low marginal cost of power generation; The unit additional cost decreases with the increase of power generation; Increasing the output below the break-even point threshold can reduce the cost.
3. Characteristic analysis of power supply cost: The infrastructure of power grid, the power loss during transmission and the load capacity of power grid are certain.
4. Electricity price can be divided into on-grid electricity price, mutual power supply price, sales electricity price and sales electricity price; Formulation principles: analyze the principles of cost pricing, reasonable profit, demand pricing and fair burden.
5. Analysis of power supply and demand and transaction-analysis of power transaction characteristics
(1) Due to the immediacy of electricity, there is no spot trading of electricity. (2) Electricity trading is mainly electricity futures. (3) The instantaneous demand of electricity fluctuates greatly. (4) Electricity is closely related to the development of national economy.
6. Power investment analysis: The characteristics of huge investment and long construction period of power system require comprehensive planning of power system to ensure that the construction of power system meets the demand of the whole society for power, and at the same time, make rational use of energy resources to obtain the best investment effect and make the future power system run safely, reliably and economically.
7. Analysis of the core process and management mode of the power industry value chain. Value chain refers to a series of different and interrelated economic activities that enterprises create value, or it is called "value-added activities".
8. Analysis of power industry management mode (1) Competition can be introduced among power generation enterprises. (2) Power network has the characteristics of natural monopoly and economies of scale. The result of weighing market competition and network scale benefit is that the network is operated by one enterprise, but the property rights of this power grid industry should be diversified. (3) Power grid and electricity sales should be separated, and electricity sales should be through market competition.
9. Basic requirements for the future management mode of the power industry: reliable, economical and effective; Fairness, justice and openness; Constrained feedback excitation
10. Construction of future power industry management mode
1 Power grid management and power dispatching form a regional power grid company, and the market trading system is separated to form a regional power trading center, which are subordinate to the State Assets Management Committee and the State Financial Work Committee respectively. 2. Power grid management is the responsibility of regional power grid companies, led by SASAC; Power dispatching and power market transactions will be merged to form a regional power transaction dispatching center, which will be led by the State Financial Working Committee. Power grid management, power market trading and power dispatching are independent of each other and are led by the State Assets Management Committee, the State Financial Work Committee and the State Bureau of Technical Supervision respectively.
7. Scheme design of power dispatching production management system
Typical application of Chongqing electric power dispatching production management system
(1) network loss management: the function is to realize that the grass-roots units report the power at the gateway of provincial dispatching through DMIs system every month, and automatically summarize and generate the provincial network loss report after the provincial dispatching is confirmed, so as to strengthen and improve the network loss management of provincial dispatching and improve work efficiency.
Key points:
(2) Power grid planning management: It consists of the following parts: power generation planning management, power supply planning management and maintenance planning management. Full-time dispatchers and full-time power plants in various regions report monthly maintenance plans through this module, and provincial dispatchers decompose annual/quarterly maintenance plans through this module, balance the maintenance plans of various power plants, prepare provincial maintenance plans, power generation plans and power supply plans, and generate various statistical reports.
2 relay protection
(1) protection switching management: it is an important data source to record the safe and reliable operation of power grid relay protection, and it needs to be recorded timely and accurately to prepare for further data statistical analysis, and it needs to realize streamlined and standardized management of module modification.
(2) Treatment of defects and anomalies of devices (relay protection equipment): it is an important link to ensure the safe and reliable operation of relay protection equipment in the power grid. Through defect registration, defect elimination process management, defect elimination analysis and processing result record, the process and standardized management of relay protection equipment defect elimination work are realized.
(3) Statistical analysis of protection actions: an important module to count the actions of relay protection equipment in the whole province and analyze the reasons for the actions of protection equipment. The module will collect the protection action records of various places through the statistics table of relay protection operation, and make statistical summary according to the record information such as the duty log of dispatching operation to form the relay protection operation report. This module is an important work to analyze and master the operation level of relay protection devices in autonomous power grid.
8, power equipment monitoring management means
In the process of equipment use, with the extension of use time, its technical state gradually deteriorates, and there are some omens before many faults occur, which is called potential faults. The identifiable physical parameters indicate that a functional failure will occur, and the functional failure indicates that the equipment has lost the specified performance standard.
After-the-fact maintenance: The maintenance cycle of the equipment is not controlled, and maintenance is only carried out when the performance of the equipment reaches the point of functional failure and the equipment loses its due function. Sufficient manpower and material resources must be prepared for post-event maintenance, so as to effectively deal with equipment accidents at any time, and at the same time, it also has a great impact on the reliability and economy of equipment.
Planned maintenance: generally including: overhaul, medium repair, minor repair, temporary repair, regular maintenance, etc. Based on the maintenance cycle of equipment, make maintenance items, plans and maintenance cycles according to experience. Generally, as long as the planned maintenance cycle is reached, no matter what the actual performance of the equipment is, the specified maintenance work should be carried out to ensure the good performance of the equipment.
Condition-based maintenance: it is a maintenance method which is based on the equipment condition evaluation, arranges the maintenance time and items according to the equipment condition and the analysis and diagnosis results, and actively implements them. It makes full use of equipment monitoring means and diagnostic technology, shifts the focus of equipment maintenance from defect elimination and maintenance to equipment performance monitoring, and carries out timely and targeted maintenance after potential failures and before functional failures, reducing excessive maintenance of equipment and improving the pertinence of maintenance work.
In the process of generator manufacturing and transportation, insulation may be damaged, forming a weak link; During operation, it will be subjected to vibration, heating, corona, chemical corrosion and various mechanical forces, and the whole component will continue to age until it is damaged. In order to master the insulation defects of generators, we have always regarded the preventive test results of generators as the basis for judging insulation defects for a long time. Many years of operation experience at home and abroad show that various accidents of generators occur from time to time, among which the malignant accident of stator winding insulation burning is still one of the faults with high frequency.
On-line monitoring of the generator operation state can help us to know the insulation status of the generator at any time and find the budding faults as soon as possible, so as to take effective measures to avoid the occurrence of vicious accidents and reduce economic losses. According to the results of online monitoring, predictive maintenance of generators can improve the pertinence of maintenance and save maintenance costs. Generator condition monitoring system provides real-time data of power grid control, scheduling and management for the dispatching center of the whole power system, which can improve the safe operation reliability of the whole power system. On-line detection of generator operating temperature has become a major on-line detection means.