Some rating agencies and international organizations believe that Russia is on the verge of debt default, but economists point out that Russian debt default will not trigger a global contagion effect. Russia will experience a serious recession this year due to sanctions imposed by western governments.

1. coupon method, also known as interest reduction method, refers to obtaining interest from the issuer on a regular basis by reducing coupon.

2. Discounted interest, that is, it is issued at a price lower than the face value of the bonds (that is, at discount), and paid at the face value of the bonds after maturity. The discounted amount is the interest of the holder.

Accrued interest:

Generally, it is accrued on an annual basis, but listed companies can also accrue on a semi-annual basis for the preparation of interim reports. When interest expense is accrued, the bond premium and discount shall be amortized at the same time.

Amortization of Bond Premium or Discount "Accounting System for Enterprises" stipulates that the amortization of bond premium or discount shall be amortized when interest is accrued according to the straight-line method or the effective interest rate method during the duration of the bond, and shall be treated according to the principle of handling loan expenses.