1. High-yield cultivation techniques of soybean 1. Scientific land selection and soil preparation At present, specialized land selection plays an important role in improving the actual yield and quality of soybean in the process of high-yield planting. To formulate special rotation rules and regulations, soybean planting can be combined with wheat, corn, rape and other plants according to the actual planting situation. In the whole process of soil preparation, it is necessary to take the subsoiling of agricultural machinery as the leading factor, and then use the micro-tiller to prepare the soil, which can comprehensively improve the basic permeability and soil consolidation ability of the soil and ensure that the soil can be prepared by deep ploughing within 20cm.
In the whole process of soil preparation, topdressing management should be done well. Soybean is best fertilized with organic fertilizer. Under normal planting conditions, 1 mu of farmland needs to be added with organic fertilizer 1.500-2000 kg, and relatively poor planting soil needs to be added with appropriate fertilizer. Appropriate amount of diammonium phosphate should be added during the adoption of organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer should be put into furrow during the whole application process to prevent the seeds from burning after contact. Generally, organic fertilizer can be applied in the whole process of soil preparation.
2. Reasonable selection of soybean varieties In the whole process of high quality and high yield of soybeans, it is necessary to choose excellent varieties. Under normal planting conditions, the perfect soybean varieties are relatively complete one week before the frost period every year. Analyze the basic production conditions in the planting area, such as basic planting conditions, climate factors, fertilizer efficiency level, planting production technology, etc., and select the best soybean planting varieties by integrating various factors.
Before actual planting, it is necessary to take effective and correct treatment measures to select and dry the seeds respectively. In the whole process of seed collection, standardized operation should be carried out to select seeds with high purity and no pests and diseases. In the whole seed dressing process, drugs need to be added, and carbendazim with a concentration of 50% can be selected for seed dressing according to the net weight of seeds to avoid problems such as brown spot.
3, timely sowing, reasonable close planting of soybeans In the planting process, according to the actual seed quantity, you can choose manual or mechanical operation methods to ensure that all kinds of dirt in seeds can be effectively removed, keep the seed size symmetrical, and ensure a high survival rate. Reasonable close planting is the key step in the process of high-yield soybean planting. At present, three ridges planting or drilling can be used, but different planting methods need to control the total planting amount.
In the actual planting process, it is necessary to choose according to the local agricultural development level. In the process of mechanical automatic planting, it is necessary to grab soil moisture for planting, and manipulate the deep planting layer after sorting out the previous crops. Before actual planting, it is necessary to adjust the practicability of industrial equipment to ensure that the quality of planting production can be effectively improved.
4. Do a good job in site management. In the whole process of soybean planting, measures should be taken to solve the problem of subsoiling of agricultural machinery, analyze the ground temperature and seedling situation in the planting area, and ensure the stable growth of seedling situation during sowing. In the stage of soybean basic soil formation and arch formation, it is necessary for institutional professionals to subsoil the furrow agricultural machinery before shoveling, and the subsoil should be controlled within 22-25cm. If the soil in the planting area itself does not have the conditions for subsoiling agricultural machinery, the method of hoeing can be used to subsoil agricultural machinery.
At present, it is necessary to take reasonable measures to replenish seedlings in mechanical transplanting soybean fields. After the whole seedling of soybean, it is necessary to replenish seedlings according to the actual amount of seedlings left, and improve weeding and basic agricultural machinery subsoiling operations during the whole thinning process. Replanting seedlings requires perseverance and a small standard.
Topdressing in time. In the whole process of topdressing, it is necessary to analyze the basic growth of soybean. Under normal circumstances, 7.5-1 0.0 kg urea solution should be added to1mu planting area. Then, in combination with the second soil-raising operation, furrows were dug on the side of the ridge, and no chemical fertilizer was added to the surface. In addition, we should basically increase the work of soybean foliar fertilizer. In the time range of soybean flowering and pod setting, a proper amount of urea solution, ammonium molybdate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be added to the planting area of 1 mu, and then sprayed on the leaves after adding water, which can comprehensively improve the overall yield of soybean.
In the field management of soybean planting, it is necessary to supervise the basic growth of soybean and replant seedlings in time. It is necessary to replenish and check the seedlings in time until the seedlings are dug to ensure that the seedlings have excellent growth patterns. If the plant diseases and insect pests are serious in the seedling stage, the seedlings can be fixed in the later stage.
In terms of water management, according to the different growth stages of soybean planting, it is necessary to supplement the corresponding water. The demand at seedling stage is low, and with the rapid growth of plants, the water demand gradually increases. At this time, if the planting area is dry, it is necessary to replenish water resources in time. During the period from grain filling to full maturity, the actual water flow is less, so it is very vulnerable to drought. If soybeans wither, water should be injected in time.
In areas where water resources are relatively scarce, you can choose to use clean manure water for irrigation. Soybean is afraid of waterlogging in seedling stage and mature stage, and it is not allowed to be flooded for a long time in growing stage. Ditching and drainage pipeline operation should be done well.
Relevant managers need to do a good job of threshing and control the migration length. According to the topping operation, soybeans can grow and mature, and the net weight of particles can be improved. It is best to cut off 1-3cm in time at the peak or late stage of soybean growth. If the problem of canopy growth is serious, it is necessary to dilute some overlapping leaves properly to ensure that the basic natural ventilation and light transmission conditions are effectively improved during the growth of soybean, and the environmental temperature in the planting field is reasonably controlled to prevent the problem of seedling loss during the growth of plants and promote the effectiveness of growth quality.
Second, soybean pest control technology According to the actual situation of soybean production and planting, common pests and diseases mainly include rust, gray leaf spot, bean moth, big bean moth and other pests and diseases. For this kind of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to take basic agricultural control measures and further improve the drug control measures.
In the early stage of soybean rust, 75% mancozeb wettable powder or thiophanate-methyl suspension should be sprayed, and the interval should be increased once every 10 day, which can be continuously controlled for 2-3 times. If the above pesticides and fungicides cannot have excellent application value, triadimefon wettable powder, sulfur suspending agent and Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed.
In the early stage of soybean gray leaf spot disease, 40% carbendazim gel suspension can be used for control, or appropriate carbendazim wettable powder and thiophanate-methyl can be used for control, or according to the actual total planting area of soybean, 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be mixed and used according to 1 mu 1 00g/mu, which can reasonably control various pests and diseases.
When using drug preventive measures, it is necessary to analyze the preventive opportunities. Effective control measures of soybean moth need to be operated. At present, the control time of soybean moth can be adjusted before the third instar, and cypermethrin double solution or phoxim EC can be selected for spray control in 1 mu planting area. This kind of larvae have the habit of turning black and white in their activities, so it is necessary to choose suitable pesticides for long-term control, usually after 5 pm. If the larvae are over 4 years old, they can be rescued by methods such as human capture.
Judging from the actual situation of soybean varieties, the adverse effects of soybean moth are higher. Effective measures should be taken in different time ranges. At the initial stage of the disease, mineral oil with corresponding concentration can be diluted with water and then mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis. Or dilute 99% mineral oil with water and mix with beta-cypermethrin. Under normal control, once every 7 days and continuous medication can achieve good control effect.
Soybean will be constantly attacked by red spiders during its growth stage. In the process of prevention and control, weeds in farmland should be cleared in time, soil consolidation should be done well, and crop rotation should be implemented to effectively control pests and diseases. When using drug control measures, it is necessary to control pests and diseases as soon as possible, apply drugs in time after discovery, and control pests and diseases in the early stage of production. If the duration of prevention and control is delayed, it will do great harm to the drug efficacy. Spray control can be carried out according to the corresponding concentration values, such as mirex and Venus moisturizing emulsion, which can effectively improve the control effect.
In the process of preventing and controlling soybean Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, it is necessary to do a good job in selection and choose excellent varieties with aseptic detection and strong disease resistance for planting. In addition, the original farming system needs to be improved, and rotation for more than three years can effectively control the actual spread of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. After the disease field is acquired, it is necessary to collect and destroy the remains in time.
In the production process, seeds need to be planted from disease-free fields. In the whole process of soybean flowering, at the early stage of disease, it is necessary to spray the corresponding concentrations of Sukeling wettable powder and Nongliling wettable powder. Then do a good job of drainage pipes in the planting area, and dig deep in autumn to make the diseased plants rot and die.
Three. Conclusion In a word, soybean is an important grain and oil crop, and its market prospect is promising at present. At present, there are still many problems in soybean production, so it is necessary to analyze planting techniques and pest control measures to ensure that soybeans achieve the goal of high quality and high yield.