1. The "-" symbol means trading is suspended. It may be that there is a shareholders' meeting or other events that day and trading will be suspended for a day, or mergers and reorganizations will be suspended for a long time, or the stock will be suspended for a period of time if it rises too fast. time.

2. The bottom of the K-line chart is the MACD and KDJ charts:

Moving Average Convergence and Divergence MACD

Moving Average Convergence and Diver-gence ) is similar to the moving average indicator, except that the index needs to be smoothed. When applying MACD, you should first calculate the fast (12-day) moving average and the slow (26-day) moving average, and use these two values ??to measure the "difference" between the two (fast and slow lines). value" basis. The so-called "difference" (DIF) is the 12-day EMA value minus the 26-day EMA value. Therefore, in the ongoing rally, the 12-day EMA is above the 26-day EMA. The positive difference (+DIF) will become larger and larger. On the contrary, in a downtrend, the difference may become negative (-DIF) and become larger and larger. As for the market starting to reverse, to what extent the positive or negative difference must be narrowed to truly be a signal of market reversal. The reversal signal of MACD is defined as the 9-day moving average (9-day EMA) of the "difference" . The exponential smoothing moving average calculation method of MACD all adds weight to the weight of the most recent day.

Calculation of 12-day EMA: EMA12 = (previous day EMA12 × 11/13 + today’s closing price × 2/13).

Calculation of 26-day EMA: EMA26 = (previous day EMA26 × 25/27 + today’s closing × 2/27).

Calculation of the difference value (DIF): DIF =EMA12-EMA26

Then the 9-day smoothed moving average difference value MACD is calculated based on the difference value. MACD = previous day's MACD × 8/10 + today's DIF × 2/10. The calculated DIF and MACD are both positive or negative, thus forming two fast and slow lines moving up and down the 0 axis. To facilitate judgment, DIF minus MACD can also be used to draw a histogram. As for calculating the moving period, different commodities still have different days. In the foreign exchange market, some people use the 25-day and 50-day EMA to calculate the difference between them.

Research and judgment skills:

1. The DIF value and the MACD value are both moving upward on the X axis, and the market is a bull market, and vice versa is a bear market.

2. On the X-axis, when the DIF value crosses the MACD value upward, it is a buy signal. This crossover below the X-axis is only suitable for short sellers to close their positions.

3. Under the X-axis, when the DIF value crosses the MACD value downward, it is a sell signal. This crossover occurring above the X-axis is only suitable for bulls to close their positions.

4. Divergence signal. When the trend of the index curve is upward, but the trend of the DIF and MACD curves goes against it, it is a signal that the general trend is about to turn downward. When the ADX in the DMI indicates that the market is consolidating or the market range is too small, avoid using MACD trading.

The Chinese name of KDJ indicator is stochastic index, which originated from the futures market.

Application rules of KDJ indicator KDJ indicator is three curves. When applying, it is mainly considered from five aspects: the absolute number of KD value; the shape of KD curve; the intersection of KD indicator; Divergence; the value of the J indicator.

First, consider the value of KD. The value range of KD is 0 to 100, which is divided into several areas: above 80 is the overbought area, below 20 is the oversold area, and the rest are wandering areas.

According to this division, if KD exceeds 80, you should consider selling, and if KD is below 20, you should consider buying. It should be noted that the above division is only a preliminary process of applying the KD indicator and is only a signal. It is easy to cause losses if you operate entirely according to this method.

Second, consider the shape of the KD indicator curve. When the KD indicator forms a head-and-shoulders pattern and multiple tops (bottoms) at a higher or lower position, it is a signal to take action. Note that these forms must appear at a higher or lower position. The higher or lower the position, the more reliable the conclusion.

Third, consider the intersection of KD indicators. The relationship between K and D is just like the relationship between stock price and MA. There are also issues such as death cross and golden cross. However, the application of cross here is very complicated and comes with many other conditions.

Take K crossing D from bottom to top as an example: K crossing D above is a golden cross, which is a buy signal. But whether you should buy the golden cross depends on other conditions. The first condition is that the position of the golden cross should be relatively low, in the oversold zone. The lower the better.

The second condition is the number of intersections with D. Sometimes in the low position, K and D have to cross back and forth several times. The minimum number of crossovers is 2, and the more, the better.

The third condition is the position of the intersection point relative to the low point of the KD line. This is the often said "right-side intersection" principle. K only intersects D when D is already looking up, which is much more reliable than intersecting D when D is still falling.

Fourth, consider the divergence of the KD indicator. When KD is at a high or low level, if there is a deviation from the stock price trend, it is a signal to take action.

Fifth, if the J indicator value exceeds 100 and is below 0, it is an abnormal price. Area, greater than 100 is overbought, less than 0 is oversold.