(Hou Xianglin, Academician of China Academy of Sciences and former Deputy Minister of Petroleum Industry)
Although the reactionary propaganda is very strong, many people are dissatisfied with the Kuomintang rule, so many people are willing to overthrow it.
Five thousand years of deep projection of a huge magnetic force, a hundred years of national humiliation will be completely buried. The enthusiasm of overseas scientists for serving the country and the ideal of saving the country and strengthening the country have realistic political conditions.
(Hou Xianglin, Academician of China Academy of Sciences and former Deputy Minister of Petroleum Industry)
We began to make preparations. 1949 After the founding of New China, Premier Zhou said that he would mobilize students studying in the United States to come back. Someone came back and heard the news and told us. This man works in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His name is Xu Ming. So I called on everyone to come back. In' 49, I officially called on 1 1 to take the lead, and I came back at that time. It's hard to come back. It used to be easy to get to China from the United States. There are cruise ships to Shanghai. After liberation, I stopped going to Shanghai and only went to Hong Kong. I got stuck in England when I got to Hong Kong. It's very troublesome to get an entry permit. It took months to get it done. Later, the travel agency found a Norwegian cargo ship and I bought a ticket. From Los Angeles to Qingdao in early May.
Many international students have similar experiences with Hou Xianglin. They gathered in their homes from America, Europe and all directions. Qian Sanqiang is back, Peng Huanwu is back, Li Siguang is back, and countless scientists are ready to go.
1950 In February, the famous mathematician Hua sent an open letter to all the students studying in China on his way home. The letter said, "In order to choose the truth, we should go back; For the nation, we should go back. "
On March 1 1, Xinhua News Agency broadcast this open letter, and the whole world heard the voices of scientists in China.
However, the voyage of scientists' return is not calm, and the Pacific Ocean will always set off a vicious wave that slaps the sky. 1950 In September, famous physicists, Luo, Shen Shanjiong and Bao returned home on the passenger ship "Wilson", accompanied by Deng Jiaxian, Tu Guangchi and other scholars studying in the United States 100.
(Zhao, daughter)
(Father) boarded the "Wilson" and said that he would arrive in Shanghai in September. As a result, after the ship arrived in Shanghai, all the international students came down, with three people missing. One is my father, and the other is Shen Heluo.
When the passenger ship arrived in Yokohama, Japan, the US military stationed in Japan illegally detained three scientists, Luo and Shen Shanjiong.
(Zhao, daughter)
At that time, the situation was very tense. A delegation of three people from Taiwan Province Province came to Japan, forcing Dad to say that things would be solved as long as he went back to the United States or Taiwan Province Province, but Dad insisted that he couldn't and must go back to the mainland of China. One day, let the three of them face the wall and never look back, pulling a bolt behind their backs to scare them. Later, he took out a telegram from the president of Taiwan Province Provincial University: "I hope my brother will come to Taiwan Province for something, just in case." He is my father's former colleague at Southwest United University. As a result, my dad said, neither.
(Secretary Guo Moruo, Director of the General Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences Luan Zhongxin)
When Zhao Zhongyao arrived in Japan, he was detained by American troops stationed in Japan, and his family was very worried. At that time, Lao Guo was the vice chairman of the World Congress for the Defence of Peace, and personally wrote a letter to the President of the World Congress for the Defence of Peace, Aurio? Madame Curie protested to the United States and called on scientists from all over the world to urge Chief of Staff Zhao Zhongyao to return to China in time. Because Zhao Zhongyao was detained, his economic relationship with his family was cut off. When Lao Guo found out, he asked someone to verify how much salary he should give Zhao Zhongyao when he returned to China. After that, he gave part of his salary to his family in advance to solve his life difficulties.
The motherland pays attention to them. On September 24th, 1950, Li Siguang, vice president of China Academy of Sciences, who just returned from overseas, called the President of the United States to lodge a solemn protest. On September 30th, People's Daily published a joint protest by scientists and university professors.
(Zhao, daughter)
On behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Premier Zhou protested that it was illegal for the United States to detain Chinese scientists. Wu joined the 198 protest of scientists, as well as people's organizations and scientific and technological personnel from all walks of life. In the end, the American authorities didn't find out any results, so they had to say it was a "misunderstanding" before they were released.
After returning home, Zhao Zhongyao presided over the construction of the first proton electrostatic accelerator in China, which provided the necessary preparation for the development of the first atomic bomb. This accelerator was used by almost all nuclear physicists at that time, which promoted the research ability of nuclear physics in China to a new level.
While waiting for the scientist to be illegally detained by the US troops stationed in Japan, another scientist, Qian Xuesen, who was waiting to return to China, was arrested by the McCarthy authorities in the United States on suspicion of being a "Mao spy". This American aerodynamic master Feng? Carmen Gaozu was detained in the detention center on the island of Temina. He was tortured and destroyed by inhumanity there, and he turned on the light every ten minutes at night, which made him unable to rest. Subsequently, Qian Xuesen was released on bail. The retrogression of the American government strengthened his determination to return to China.
(Professor Li Pei, Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences)
When he was leaving 50 years later, he packed everything and put it in a box. Later, they were all detained by the US government. Probably in the end, after Qian Furen's negotiation, he returned the piano to their home.
When we went to his house in 53, his living room was empty and the piano was still there. As far as I know, he has several suitcases at home. He said, I have all these boxes ready, let us go at any time, and we will go with them.
Five years later, Qian Xuesen regained his freedom, and the whole family immediately returned to China by boat, crossing the waves in Wan Li in a crude third-class cabin.
Science has no national boundaries, scientists have their own motherland, and nothing can stop their determination to return to China.
1940 Guo Yonghuai went abroad for further study with the ideal of saving the country through science. From 65438 to 0945, he received his doctorate from California Institute of Technology and became an internationally renowned mathematician in mechanics and application. When Guo Yonghuai applied for Cornell University on 1946, he first declared: "I came to your school temporarily, and I will leave at an appropriate time." . To this end, the school does not allow him to engage in confidential work. After the founding of New China, the American authorities made a thorough threat to China scholars, but Guo Yonghuai resolutely wrote on the form: "China is my motherland, and I can leave if I want.". As a result, he became a person who was forbidden to leave the United States. In order to return to China as soon as possible and dispel the suspicion of the American authorities, he burned all the manuscripts and research materials of his thesis.
(Mrs. Li Pei, Professor of Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences, Guo Yonghuai)
William, director of the Graduate School of Aeronautical Engineering at Cornell University? At the picnic where Sears saw him off, there was still a lot of charcoal fire after the barbecue, where he burned the manuscript page by page. At that time, many classmates and teachers were watching, and I was there. Everyone was very moved.
(Pei Lisheng, former vice president of China Academy of Sciences)
He exposed all his major works in the United States for more than ten years, that is, made them public, and then burned them himself, indicating that I would not bring secrets back to China. He is engaged in missile research. Qian Xuesen is the director of the Institute of Mechanics, and he is the deputy director. ) In this way, American talents relaxed their control and let him come back.
"Although Chengdu is happy, it is better to go back to your hometown; Although Liangyuan is good, it is not a place to live for a long time. Come back! "
Most of the first and second generation scientists in New China have the same experience. They went abroad under the control of the idea of saving the country by science, and devoted themselves to patriotic practice with sincerity after their studies.
(Vice Chairman Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former President of China Academy of Sciences Lu Jiaxi)
If I stay there, my salary is high, but I don't want to stay in America. It's no good staying there. So, at that time, I kept begging to come back as soon as possible. I was the first batch, and the United States agreed to let me come back.
(lin li, daughter of Li Siguang, academician of China Academy of Sciences)
When my father lived by the sea, he read the Workers' Daily run by the British * * * every day. The Workers' Daily run by the British * * * had news about the China Liberation War. I remember one Sunday, I happened to see him. At that time, I published the news of Shenyang liberation. He told my mother that we were going to book a boat. We were all in the same boat at that time. From the day Shenyang was liberated, he went to book a boat.
(Academician Chen Fangyun of China Academy of Sciences)
That was 44 years ago, and World War II was coming to an end. At that time, Britain and the United States recruited a group of international students in China. I wanted to leave the Kuomintang, so I took an examination of electronic engineering and went to the United States first. Later, when I came to Chongqing, I met someone from the Kuomintang Aviation Committee and told me that I had also been admitted to study in the UK and asked me to report for duty. Then I went to the UK. I spent almost half a year in India in three years. Come back for 48 years.
(Xia, Academician of China Academy of Sciences)
1947 went to England and went to the University of Edinburgh to study PhD. I got my doctorate in 50 years, worked as a postdoctoral fellow in a university, and came back from England in 5 1 year.
Among many returned scientists, geologist Weng Wenhao has a special position. He used to be the president of the Executive Yuan of the Kuomintang government, and was listed as the first batch of 12 war criminals together with Chiang Kai-shek and Bai Chongxi. When he was in Europe, the Kuomintang government tried to let him work in Taiwan Province Province, but he still chose New China as his destination.
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