I. Organizational forms of financial institutions
1. Bank: Banks are the most common financial institutions, which mainly absorb deposits, issue loans, settle accounts and pay. They have a powerful monetary intermediary function and are an important part of the financial system.
2. Securities companies: Securities companies are financial institutions whose main business is issuing and trading securities. Mainly engaged in stock, bond, futures and other securities investment intermediary services to provide investors with capital investment channels.
3. Insurance companies: Insurance companies are financial institutions whose main business is underwriting insurance, mainly engaged in insurance business, providing insurance services such as property losses and liability compensation for policyholders, and also providing investment services.
4. Investment company: An investment company is a financial institution whose main business is asset investment, mainly engaged in investment management of financial products such as stocks, bonds and futures, and providing investment services for investors.
Two. Business scope of financial institutions
1. Commercial banks: Commercial banks are financial institutions mainly engaged in deposit, loan, settlement and payment, mainly engaged in financial credit, foreign exchange settlement and financial investment.
2. Investment bank: An investment bank is a financial institution whose main business is issuing and trading securities. Mainly engaged in stock, bond, futures and other securities investment intermediary services, to provide investors with investment channels of funds.
3. Trust companies: Trust companies are financial institutions that mainly issue trust products, mainly engaged in trust product issuance, trust asset management, trust property custody and other businesses, and provide investors with capital investment channels.
4. Finance companies: Finance companies are financial institutions mainly engaged in financial consultation, financial investment and asset management, providing investors with capital investment channels.
Three. The scale of financial institutions
1. Large financial institutions: Large financial institutions refer to financial institutions with large assets and high market share, such as large state-owned banks and large state-owned securities companies.
2. Medium-sized financial institutions: Medium-sized financial institutions refer to financial institutions with average assets and market share, such as private banks and private securities companies.
3. Small financial institutions: Small financial institutions refer to financial institutions with small assets and low market share, such as small banks and small securities companies.
Fourth, the control mode of financial institutions.
1. Share decentralization: financial institutions implement share decentralization control, that is, the shares of financial institutions are jointly owned by multiple investors, so as to prevent investors from unilaterally controlling financial institutions and maintain their normal operations.
2. Implement government supervision: financial institutions implement government supervision, that is, financial institutions should regularly report their financial status in accordance with relevant state regulations and accept the inspection of state regulatory authorities to ensure the legal operation of financial institutions.
3. Implement industry self-discipline: financial institutions implement industry self-discipline, that is, financial institutions should abide by industry norms, establish and improve internal management systems, and ensure the legal operation of financial institutions.
The division of financial institutions is the foundation of the financial industry, which can not only help financial institutions to manage and organize better, but also help the government to supervise financial institutions and maintain financial stability. Financial institutions can be divided according to organizational form, business scope, scale and control mode, thus providing a good development environment for the financial industry.