Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 In order to standardize the qualification management of radio and television reporters and broadcasters, and do a good job in the national qualification examination of radio and television reporters and broadcasters, this outline is formulated in accordance with the Measures for the Qualification Examination of Radio and Television Journalists and Broadcasters (Trial) (GF [2005] No.552).
Article 2 This outline is the basis for the qualification examination of national radio and television editors, journalists and announcers, and can also be used as a reference for candidates to prepare for the exam.
Article 3 Examination subjects:
(a) radio and television editors and reporters qualification examination subjects
1, public subject: comprehensive knowledge;
2. Professional subjects: (1) Basic knowledge of news; (2) Radio and TV news business.
(two) radio and television announcer qualification examination subjects
1, public subject: comprehensive knowledge;
2. Professional subjects: (1) Basic knowledge of news; (2) Radio and television broadcasting and hosting business.
Chapter II Comprehensive Knowledge
Article 4 Comprehensive knowledge is a public subject in the qualification examination for editors, journalists and broadcasters.
The fifth comprehensive knowledge focuses on the knowledge and comprehensive quality of candidates, and requires candidates to understand the listed knowledge points.
Sixth comprehensive knowledge examination time, examination method and test paper structure:
(a) the examination time is 90 minutes.
(2) The examination methods are closed-book and written examination.
(3) The full score of the test paper is 100.
(4) The types of test questions include single-choice questions and multiple-choice questions.
Article 7 Comprehensive knowledge includes:
First, knowledge of political theory
(A) Marxism–Leninism Theory
The basic problems of philosophy and philosophy are the origin, essence and function of the material concept world, the universal connection and eternal development of the world. The basic law of materialist dialectics is based on practice, a dynamic reflection of truth and a standard view of history. The basic problem of production mode plays a decisive role in social development. The origin, essence and function of a country are basic contradictions. The role of man and individual in history, social development and all-round development of man.
The law of commodity monetary value and the production process of surplus value: capitalist reproduction and capital accumulation; Organic composition of capital and relative overpopulation; The basic contradiction of capitalism; The crisis of capitalist economy.
Two major discoveries and the establishment of scientific socialism: the relationship between socialism and capitalism; the historical inevitability, complexity, arduousness and long-term nature of socialism replacing capitalism.
(2) Mao Zedong Thought
The establishment of Mao Zedong Thought's guiding position: the general line of the new-democratic revolution, the revolutionary road of encircling cities from rural areas, the politics, economy and culture of the new-democratic society, the theoretical principles and experience of the people's democratic dictatorship of China's socialist transformation, and the basic experience of the revolutionary United front of two different social contradictions in socialist society. Party building is a "great project", seeking truth from facts, following the mass line, being independent and self-reliant.
(3) Deng Xiaoping Theory
Deng Xiaoping Theory's scientific connotation and system: the main contribution of Marxism to the party's ideological line in the new stage of contemporary China's development: the first basic theoretical problem of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics: the main content and significance of Deng Xiaoping's theory of socialist essence: the fundamental task of socialism; The principal contradiction of the Party in the primary stage of socialism; Science and technology are the primary productive forces. The main content, great practice and great significance of the concept of "one country, two systems", namely, the organic unity of the leadership of the Party and people's democracy, the rule of law, the building of a socialist country ruled by law and socialist spiritual civilization, and "grasping with both hands", are the themes of the times in today's world.
(4) Theory of Three Represents
The social and historical conditions for the formation of "Theory of Three Represents" thought, the historical position of "Theory of Three Represents" thought, the scientific connotation of "Theory of Three Represents" thought and "Theory of Three Represents" thought are the fundamental requirements for carrying out the dialectical unity of "Theory of Three Represents" thought.
(5) Current affairs and politics
1, the main line, principles and policies of the party and the country at present.
Adhere to people-oriented, establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable Scientific Outlook on Development, persist in building the Party for the public and governing for the people, build a socialist harmonious society, strengthen the Party's advanced construction and build a well-off society in an all-round way, take a new road to industrialization, promote various effective forms of public ownership, vigorously develop and actively guide the non-public economy, improve macro-control and transform government functions, combine "bringing in" with "going out" and straighten out the distribution relationship. Improve the social security system, adhere to and improve socialist democracy, strengthen the construction of socialist legal system, carry forward and cultivate the national spirit, implement the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, develop cultural undertakings and industries, adhere to the coordinated development of national defense and economic construction, adhere to the basic principle of "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems", and promote the peaceful reunification of the motherland. Four propositions for developing cross-strait relations under the new situation: an independent foreign policy of peace, opposing hegemonism, safeguarding world peace and opposing all forms of terrorism.
2. Major events at home and abroad
Second, legal knowledge and relevant laws and regulations
legal knowledge
The basic meaning of the socialist legal system, the signs and conditions for realizing a socialist country ruled by law, the Constitution, the people's democratic dictatorship system, multi-party cooperation and political consultation system, the people's congress system, China's economic system, China's cultural system, the principle of using spoken and written languages, the legal status of news, radio and television, and the basic rights and obligations of China citizens.
(2) Relevant laws and regulations
The legal system of radio, film and television constitutes the main adjustment scope of radio and television administrative regulations and departmental rules.
The criminal law covers the crimes of stealing, spying, buying, illegally providing state secrets, destroying radio and television facilities, fabricating and disseminating false information in securities trading and futures trading, infringing copyright, damaging business reputation, commodity reputation, falsely accusing and framing, insulting and slandering, inciting national hatred, ethnic discrimination, illegally obtaining state secrets, disturbing the order of radio communication management, making, copying, publishing, selling and spreading.
Civil juristic agent's capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct: personal rights, reputation rights, honor rights, name rights, portrait rights, and ways to bear civil responsibilities.
Copyright Law The scope of works protected by copyright law, the types and duration of copyright limit the rights and obligations of performers.
Rights and obligations of producers of audio and video recordings Rights and obligations of radio and television stations
The restriction of advertising law on specific media to publish advertisements and specific advertising contents.
The basic principles of the Law on the National Common Language and the use of the national common language and characters.
The scope of application of the Regulations on the Administration of Radio and Television, the principles that radio and television stations should abide by, the principles that radio and television stations should use spoken and written languages, and the requirements for radio and television stations to review programs in the Provisions of the administrative department of radio and television industry on the prohibition of making and broadcasting radio and television programs.
"Interim Measures for the Administration of Radio and Television Advertisements" The principles that should be followed in radio and television advertisements. The difference between radio and television advertisements that are not allowed to be broadcast and other radio and television programs. The broadcast time and number of radio and television advertisements. Supervision of radio and television advertisements.
Interim Provisions on the Administration of Qualifications of Radio and Television Editors, Journalists, Announcers and Hosts; Rights and obligations of qualification management, qualification examination and qualification registration.
"Regulations on the Administration of Radio and Television Program Production and Operation" The production institutions of radio and television current affairs news and similar special columns shall implement a licensing system for producing radio and television programs.
"Regulations on the Administration of the Introduction and Broadcasting of Overseas TV Programs" Overseas TV channels shall not introduce and broadcast the total amount of overseas TV programs, and the broadcast time of overseas film and television dramas shall be prohibited.
Third, knowledge of economics
Economic system and economic system Market economy system and planned economy system Basic characteristics and basic framework of socialist market economy system Improve the main task of socialist market economy system Basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism Establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly market system with distribution according to work as the main body and a modern enterprise system with multiple modes of distribution coexisting.
Resource allocation economic man assumes that consumers balance opportunity cost, production cost, demand and supply price mechanism and Engel's law of market system.
Macro-control is the basic feature of modern market economy, its tasks and objectives, total social supply and total social demand, economic growth and development, full employment, macro-control system, macro-control means, deflation and inflation, efficiency and fairness.
Economic globalization, regional economic cooperation, transnational corporations, national economic security, international trade principles, international trade patterns, international trade conflicts, international economic coordination of capitalism, international financial organizations, international financial markets, financial crises and financial risks.
Fourth, sociological knowledge.
Socialization of social structure, social interaction, social role, social norms, social control, social groups, community gender, family social stratification, social mobility, social change, modern social work, social security, social cognition, social attitude, interpersonal relationship, conformity behavior, group psychology and public psychology.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) literary knowledge
(A) China literature
Ancient Myth The Book of Songs Chu Ci Historical Records Yuefu Poetry Han Poetry Late Tang Five Pronouns Song Ci Tang Song Eight Masters Yuan Qu Ming and Qing Novels New Literature Movement Left-wing Contemporary Literary Masterpieces
(2) Foreign literature
Homer's epic, ancient Greek drama, Nordic myth, Renaissance, French classical drama, German literature in the Enlightenment,19th century European novels, modernist literary masterpieces, Japanese and Indian literary masterpieces, and Latin American literary masterpieces.
Six, radio and television technology knowledge
Wireless Broadcasting Satellite Broadcasting FM Broadcasting AM Broadcasting Analog Broadcasting and Digital Broadcasting Cable TV Analog TV and Digital TV Terrestrial TV Satellite TV Analog TV Standard Communication Satellite and Broadcasting Satellite High Definition TV Graphic TV Interactive TV Mobile Broadcasting TV Network Broadcasting TV Broadcasting TV Transmission Network Microwave Relay Transmission Optical Cable and Cable Transmission Satellite Transmission White Balance Black Balance Three Primary Colors ENG Electronic News Interview EFP Electronic Field Production Digital Technology
Chapter III Basic Knowledge of News
Article 8 The basic knowledge of news is a professional subject of the qualification examination for editors, journalists and broadcasters.
Article 9 The basic knowledge of journalism focuses on the candidates' cognition of journalism, and requires them to master the Marxist view of journalism and the basic principles and working principles of China's socialist journalism.
Tenth news basic knowledge examination time, examination method and test paper structure:
(a) the examination time is 90 minutes.
(2) The examination methods are closed-book and written examination.
(3) The full score of the test paper is 100.
(4) The types of test questions include multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions, analytical questions and essay questions.
Article 11 The basic knowledge of news includes:
I. Journalism and journalism
(A) the origin and origin of news
News originated from human social practice, and fact is the origin of news. Fact is primary and news is secondary.
(2) News authenticity
Truth is the life of news, the essence and specific requirement of news truth, and the basic form of news telling with facts.
Adhere to the principle of accurate, fair, comprehensive and objective reporting.
(3) News value
The meaning, elements, objectivity and orientation of comprehensive news value of news value.
News sensitivity
News sensitivity is one of the important professional abilities of journalists.
The main performance of news sensitivity-finding news clues in time; Accurately judge the news value; Predict possible news events
(v) The emergence and development of journalism.
The material and social conditions for the emergence and development of journalism The capitalist commodity economy has led to the emergence of modern journalism, which is the main stage of its development.
(6) the nature of journalism
News is the economic foundation of a certain society, which is embodied by means of news and belongs to the ideological category of superstructure.
Journalism is the embodiment of comprehensive national strength and national image and its industrial attribute.
(7) The social function of news
News reporting and public opinion guidance are the most basic social functions of news.
The functions of spreading knowledge, serving the society, providing entertainment and publishing advertisements.
(8) Freedom of the press
The basic meaning of freedom of the press The essence of bourgeois freedom of the press The main viewpoints of Marxism on freedom of the press.
(9) The development trend of contemporary journalism
"Global Village" multimedia Internet multinational media group has internationally influential news agencies, radio stations and television stations, international information exchange and national cultural protection, information hegemony and national information security.
Second, the basic principles and working principles of China's socialist journalism
(A) the basic principles of socialist journalism in China.
The formation and development of Marxist journalism view is based on the principles of serving the people, socialism and the overall situation of the whole party and the country, and on the principles of unity, stability, encouragement and positive publicity.
(B) the principle of party spirit in journalism
The principle of party spirit is the fundamental principle of Marxist news. The meaning and basic requirement of the principle of party spirit is to uphold the party's leadership over news work and realize the unity of being responsible to the party and the people in news practice. "Theory of Three Represents" is the fundamental principle guiding the news propaganda work.
(3) public opinion orientation
The meaning of public opinion orientation adheres to the basic requirements of correct public opinion orientation
(4) Supervision by public opinion
The social function of public opinion supervision adheres to the principles of constructive supervision, scientific supervision and supervision according to law, grasps the overall situation and improves the level of public opinion supervision.
(5) Politicians run newspapers and Taiwan.
The Proposition and Development of "Politicians Running Newspapers" —— The Basic Requirements of Politicians Running Newspapers and Stations: Insisting on Politicians Running Newspapers and Stations under the New Situation
(6) The principle of news authenticity
Under the guidance of dialectical materialism reflection theory, news reports must be based on facts and fully grasp and correctly reflect the essence and mainstream of social life.
Carry forward the style of going deep into reality, investigating and studying, and seeking truth from facts.
(seven) close to reality, close to life, close to the masses.
The meaning and basic requirement of "three closeness" is to carry out the concretization of Theory of Three Represents in the news propaganda work and strengthen and improve the news propaganda work with "three closeness"
(8) social benefits first, social benefits and economic benefits are unified.
Adhere to the social benefits in the first place, and strive to achieve the unity of social and economic benefits.
(nine) the principles and policies of literary and artistic propaganda
Two Directions and the Policy of Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom carry forward the main theme and advocate the unity of diversity, ideology, artistry and appreciation.
Third, the professional ethics of journalists.
The responsibility of journalists
The position and function of news: the professional characteristics of journalists and their social responsibilities.
(b) journalistic professional ethics
The essential characteristics of journalistic professional ethics and the significance of comprehensively standardizing journalistic professional ethics.
(3) radio and television professional ethics
"China Radio and Television Editors' Professional Ethics" and "China Radio and Television Announcers' Professional Ethics".
Fourth, the common sense of Chinese news history.
Liang Qichao and Time, Shao Piaoping, Peking, Chen Duxiu and New Youth, Li Dazhao and Weekly Review, Xiangjiang Review, Xu Ge, Peking University Journalism Institute and Harbin Radio and Television Station, the Central Daily. China national radio Fan Changjiang Zou Taofen Life Weekly Smedley Red Star Shines on China Yan 'an Liberation Daily Yan 'an Xinhua Broadcasting Xinhua News Agency Chongqing Xinhua Daily Jinsui Daily and Anti-Space Movement Beiping Xinhua Radio Station Qiqing Central Broadcasting Bureau Radio and Television Department State Administration of Radio, Film and Television People's Daily China People's Broadcasting Station China International Radio Station China People's Broadcasting Station News and Newspaper Summary CCTV News Network.
Chapter IV Radio and Television News Services
Twelfth radio and television news business is a professional subject of the qualification examination for editors and journalists.
Thirteenth radio and television news business focuses on the ability of candidates to collect and edit news, requiring candidates to master the basic skills of collection, writing, editing and evaluation, and complete the program interview and editing work.
Fourteenth radio and television news business examination time, examination methods and test paper structure:
(1) The examination time is 150 minutes.
(2) The examination methods are closed-book and written examination.
(3) The full score of the test paper is 100.
(4) The types of test questions include multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions, case analysis questions and writing questions.
Fifteenth radio and television news services include:
I. Overview of Radio and Television News
Radio and TV programs and their components
Communication symbols of radio and television programs; Communication symbols of television; Television image elements; Language expression of radio and television news.
The relationship between sound and text in broadcast news; The relationship between picture, sound and text in TV news.
(B) the spread of radio and television characteristics
Advantages and disadvantages of radio communication Advantages and disadvantages of TV communication
(3) genre and program form of radio and television news.
News, events, news, non-event news, people, special topics, special topics, research-oriented talk shows, live reports, continuous reports, series reports, in-depth reports, radio and television news reviews.
Second, radio and television news interviews
(1) Radio and Television News Interview Radio and Television News Interview
(b) Topics of radio and television news interviews
News clues establish the standard of topic selection and the methods and steps of topic selection demonstration.
(3) Preparation and planning of radio and television news interviews
Preparation of radio and television news interview: reporters intervene on the spot and write the interview outline.
(D) Radio and television news interview methods
On-the-spot observation, the choice of interviewees, the interview before the microphone and its requirements, the basic requirements of open and closed questions, the basic requirements of broadcasting and recording, and the basic requirements of TV recording.
Third, radio and television news writing.
(A) the basic requirements of news writing
In line with the characteristics of the media, speak with facts
(B) the structural requirements of radio and television news
Single-level clear core information processing of structural clues
(3) Radio and TV news
The background of six elements of radio and television news introduces the common structure of radio and television news
(4) Radio and Television news topic
Characteristics of radio and television news topics, expressions of news topics, common structures of radio and television news topics
(5) Live radio and TV reports
Radio and television live coverage, live coverage, requirements for journalists, live broadcast
(six) continuous radio and television reports and series of reports
Basic requirements of continuous reporting, continuous reporting and writing, series reporting and writing.
Fourth, radio and television news editors.
(A) the main responsibilities and specific work of news editors
The main duties of news editing are: selecting topics, determining editing workflow, planning and selecting news reports, modifying manuscripts, making topic columns, arranging music, recording, broadcasting, live broadcasting and directing broadcasting.
(2) Program editing and synthesis
The basic principles of audio-visual editing of comprehensive news programs; Skills and skills of radio news editors; Skills and skills of TV news editing.
V news column arrangement
News column arrangement, column arrangement, thinking arrangement, news arrangement skills
Six, radio and television news review
(A) the characteristics and functions of news commentary
The function of news commentary, the characteristics of news commentary, the characteristics of radio and television news commentary
(B) the reasoning of news commentary
Argument argument argument reasoning based on facts.
(3) Types of radio and television comments
Our station comments on the news comments after editing our short comments, talk comments and public opinion supervision programs.
Chapter V Hosting Business of Radio and Television Programs
Sixteenth radio and television broadcasting and hosting business is a professional subject of the qualification examination for announcers and hosts.
Seventeenth radio and television broadcasting and hosting business focuses on the host ability of candidates, requiring candidates to complete the program broadcasting and hosting work with good image and language.
Eighteenth radio and television broadcasting business examination time, examination methods and test paper structure:
(1) Written examination
1, test time 120 minutes.
2. The examination method is closed book.
3. The full score of the test paper is 100.
4. The types of test questions include fill-in-the-blank questions, multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions, essay questions and writing questions.
(2) oral examination
1, and the preparation time is 15 minutes; Examination time 10 minute.
2. The examination methods are closed book, on-site topic selection and on-site video recording.
3. Record the results according to the broadcast-hosted oral test A, broadcast-hosted oral test B and broadcast-hosted oral test C..
4. Test type:
(1) news broadcast;
(2) column topic host (optional column type).
Nineteenth radio and television broadcasting and hosting services include:
First, the work of broadcasting hosting and its correct creative path
The nature, position and function of broadcast host; Linguistic features of broadcast hosts
The Correct Creation of Broadcasting Hosts —— The Creative Characteristics of Road Broadcasting Hosts
Second, the knowledge of Putonghua pronunciation and broadcasting vocalization
(A) Putonghua pronunciation knowledge
The concept of Putonghua, the phonetic features of Putonghua and some basic concepts of phonetics.
Initial consonants, vowels and tones of Putonghua.
The sandhi format of sandhi "ah"
(b) broadcast voice
The basic requirements of broadcast sound are accuracy, standardization and diversity.
Respiratory organs and respiratory principles, key points of respiratory control, and methods of respiratory use.
Word formation and word formation principles: the main points of oral control
Third, the expression of broadcast hosting language
(A) the preparation of creative foundation and the movement of thoughts and feelings
Contents and methods of manuscript preparation Problems that should be paid attention to in manuscript preparation
The movement state, attitude, concrete feeling and overall feeling of thoughts and feelings.
(B) methods to mobilize thoughts and feelings
The unfolding process of scene reproduction —— Problems that should be paid attention to in scene reproduction
The function, classification and optimization of internal language
Some misunderstandings about how to grasp the sense of object and pay attention to it.
(3) Methods of expressing thoughts and feelings
The function of stopping connection, the determination of stopping position and the expression of stopping connection
The role of stress, the determination of stress and the expression of stress.
Emotional color of mood and sound form of component mood
The type of rhythm uses the method of rhythm.
(D) impromptu oral expression
Principles of impromptu oral expression in radio and television Classification of impromptu oral expression in radio and television
The role of series, the grasp of series and the pursuit of series creation.
Topic operation skills: the entrance of the topic, the cohesion of the topic, and the end of the topic.
Field strain requirements field strain foundation field strain field control strategy field strain
Fourth, broadcasting presides over business.
(A) the manuscript broadcast reading
General requirements for broadcasting news programs and their classified news articles: broadcasting news, broadcasting news comments and broadcasting news features.
The general requirements and classification of the broadcast and reading of literary programs, and the specific requirements of the broadcast and reading of literary manuscripts.
General requirements and classification of playing and reading social education programs; Specific requirements for broadcasting and reading social education manuscripts.
General requirements and classification of broadcasting and reading of financial programs; Specific requirements for broadcasting and reading financial manuscripts.
(2) Topic hosting
Definition and types of news commentary programs: the basic requirements of news commentary topic hosting
The definition of service project and the basic requirements of service-oriented topic hosting.
The definition and types of variety entertainment programs; Basic requirements for special hosting of variety entertainment programs
The definition and types of financial programs, as well as the basic requirements of financial topic hosting.
Five, the announcer host image
(A summary of the image of the announcer and host
Professional image (sound image, screen image) Personal image
The connotation of image: the direct spokesman of the media, a public figure with social responsibility, and influential morality and art.
(B) the significance and role of shaping the image of announcers and presenters
It is helpful to shape the image of the media and spread advanced culture.
(C) handle the multiple relations between the image of the announcer and the host.
The relationship between professional image and personal image, the relationship between internal quality and external image, and the relationship between individual and collective.
(four) the specific requirements for shaping the image of the announcer and the host.
Basic requirements for shaping professional image Basic concepts and matching skills of professional dress Basic knowledge of hair styling and basic principles and skills of cosmetic styling and basic knowledge of wearing accessories.
The basic requirements of expressing professional image reflect the responsibility of the media and personal morality, conform to the cultural tradition of the Chinese nation, respect the aesthetic taste and appreciation habits of the public, the unity of gestures and programs, and the harmony of language and gestures.
Pay attention to the image in life, good language habits, standardized body language, and pay attention to the social influence of manners.
Six, the announcer host work norms
(A) the significance of standardizing the work of announcers and presenters
It is conducive to shaping the image of the media, improving the quality of broadcasting and cultivating a rigorous work style.
(2) Requirements of job specifications for announcers and presenters
Do a good job in preparation before the broadcast, insist on using Putonghua to prevent vulgarity, respect the characteristics of the interviewee, and take care of the underage audience.
Basic principles of secure broadcast system and significance of observing secure broadcast system.
Seven. Contents and requirements of oral examination
(A) the content of the oral examination
The oral examination includes two parts: news broadcast and topic hosting.
News broadcast: the candidate broadcasts a press release of his choice to the camera.
Column Topic Hosting: Candidates choose a topic from four column types, such as news, social education, service, entertainment and sports, and host it in front of the camera.
(2) Requirements for oral examination
1, basic requirements
(1) language standard
Standard pronunciation, correct vocabulary and grammar, natural intonation, smooth expression, and occasional mistakes in pronunciation and intonation.
(2) Language ability
Accurate expression, full of emotion and correct orientation
(3) Free use of sound, pure timbre
(4) the image is correct and generous
2, news broadcast requirements
(1) Understand the manuscript accurately, feel concrete, have sincere feelings and have accurate tone.
(2) The language is fluent, the tone is vivid, the proper limit is appropriate, and the rhythm changes.
(3) Being active and having real communication with the audience.
(4) Natural and generous behavior
3, column topic hosting requirements
(1) The viewpoint is correct, the discussion is novel and the attitude is clear.
(2) clear thinking and strict logic
(3) The verbal expression is accurate and standardized, vivid, expressive and appealing, and meets the requirements of the column.
(5) Ability to adapt to changes.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 20 The Office of the Qualification Examination Committee of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television shall be responsible for the interpretation of this Outline.