Settlement reserve:
Settlement reserve is the first concept put forward by CSRC and CBRC. The definition of settlement reserve is not clearly given, but the amount paid is specified. Settlement reserve refers to the funds deposited by settlement participants in their fund settlement accounts for securities trading and non-trading settlement according to regulations. The fund settlement account is the settlement reserve account.
Accounting treatment of settlement reserve:
1. This account accounts for the funds deposited by enterprises (securities) in designated settlement institutions for the settlement and delivery of securities trading funds.
The settlement fees charged by enterprises (securities) to customers and paid to stock exchanges are also accounted for in this account.
Enterprises (securities) can set up a separate "securities settlement" course, because the securities trading settlement institutions handle the funds in the settlement.
2. This course can be accounted for in detail by clearing institutions, such as "own" and "customer" respectively.
3. The main accounting treatment of settlement reserve.
(1) The enterprise deposits the money into the clearing institution, debits this account and credits "bank deposit" and other subjects; Transfer funds back from the clearing house to make the opposite accounting entries.
(2) Entrusted by customers, if the total transaction amount of securities purchased is greater than the total transaction amount of securities sold, the sum of the transaction price of securities purchased and sold, relevant taxes withheld and remitted on behalf of customers, and commissions charged to customers will be debited to subjects such as "buying and selling securities" and credited to subjects such as "customers" and "bank deposits". Debit the account of "fees and commission expenses" according to the transaction costs that the enterprise should bear, credit the account of "fees and commission income" according to the fees and commissions that should be charged to customers, and debit the account (self), "bank deposit" and other subjects according to the difference.
Entrusted by customers, when the total turnover of securities sold is greater than the total turnover of securities bought, the difference between the transaction price of securities bought and sold after deducting the relevant taxes withheld and the commission payable to customers shall be debited to the subjects such as "customer" and "bank deposit" and credited to the subjects such as "funds for buying and selling securities". Debit the account of "fees and commission expenses" according to the transaction costs that the enterprise should bear, credit the account of "fees and commission income" according to the fees and commissions that should be charged to customers, and debit the account (self), "bank deposit" and other subjects according to the difference.
(3) When trading proprietary securities in a stock exchange, it shall be classified according to the intention of holding the securities at the time of purchase, and shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of such subjects as "tradable financial assets", "held-to-maturity investment" and "available-for-sale financial assets".
(4) accrued interest on settlement reserve on a daily basis, debited "interest receivable" and credited "interest income (deposit interest income)"; When the interest is actually settled, debit the "bank deposit" or this account and credit the "interest receivable" account.
4. The debit balance at the end of this course reflects the existence of funds in the designated clearing institution in the enterprise.
Trading margin:
Trading Margin is the self-owned funds that investors need to pay when financing to buy securities in the securities market. If a member or customer has been occupied in its special settlement account, it is also required to pay the corresponding bid bond for central grain reserves to ensure the performance of its position contract, generally 5 yuan. After the transaction is completed, the deposit will be paid to the trading center as a handling fee.
An important feature of the futures market is the margin trading system, whose main purpose is to reduce the risk of default. Maintain trading credit, so as to ensure the normal operation of the futures market, if only from this perspective. Then the safest way is to set a margin of 100%, so that futures investors have no chance to default at all, but it will also eliminate the leverage function of the futures market. Therefore, the level of margin will have an important impact on controlling transaction risk and market liquidity. How to scientifically and accurately determine the amount of trading margin in China's futures market has always been a concern of all parties in the futures market.