Traditionally, crude oil is called crude oil. Dark brown viscous oily liquid with green fluorescence and special smell. It is a mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins.
The main components are carbon and hydrogen, accounting for 83 ~ 87% and 1 1 ~ 14% respectively. There are also a small amount of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and trace elements such as phosphorus, arsenic, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, nickel, iron and vanadium. Specific gravity 0.78 ~ 0.97, molecular weight 280 ~ 300, freezing point -50 ~ 24℃. Crude oil can be refined to obtain various products, such as fuel oil, solvent oil, lubricating oil, grease, paraffin, asphalt, liquefied gas, aromatic hydrocarbons and so on. , and provide fuel, raw materials and chemical products for all sectors of the national economy.
2065438+07101The list of carcinogens published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization was preliminarily sorted out for reference. Crude oil is in the list of three types of carcinogens.
In the 1920s, as oil became the power of internal combustion engines, the demand and trade of oil expanded rapidly. According to the statistics of Wang Yadong, by 1929, the oil trade volume had reached165438+700 million US dollars. During this period, the international oil cargo flows mainly from the United States and Venezuela to Western Europe.
At the same time, the oil in the Soviet Union was rapidly restored and developed. By the end of 1930s, the United States and the Soviet Union became major oil exporters, and international oil trade began to occupy a prominent position in the global energy trade, which promoted the rapid growth of international energy trade and shook the dominant position of coal in the international energy market. During the Second World War, oil played an important role. During World War II, the United States became a major energy supplier to its allies.
After World War II, the United States once controlled two-thirds of the world's crude oil production. From 1859, when the first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, to the period after World War II, the world energy map was called the "Gulf of Mexico era". Wang Yadong believes that the formation and development of the "Gulf Era" is also a period when the political, economic and military strength of the United States continues to expand and finally establishes its hegemony in the western world. This period was almost synchronized with the development of domestic oil in the United States. The control of oil by the United States in the "Gulf of Mexico era" promoted and consolidated the position of the United States in the world political and economic structure. Oil has become an important booster for the United States to establish world hegemony.