In China's feudal dynasties, in addition to internal stability factors, wars between regions and surrounding ethnic minorities often occurred. The Han Dynasty was an era of great changes in policies towards ethnic minorities. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he took the initiative to wage war against the Xiongnu, leaving behind a historical legend that those who openly offended the powerful Han Dynasty would be punished no matter how far away they were.

But in this war, the Han Dynasty service was also facing tremendous pressure. The greatest cost of a war is in terms of finances. During the Han Dynasty, financial reforms were implemented to alleviate the pressure caused by war and maintain social stability.

It must be said that the financial reforms of the Han Dynasty triggered by the Han-Hungarian War laid the foundation for the financial prototype of China's feudal dynasty for more than two thousand years, so that in the financial development of later generations, we can basically see the financial reforms of the Han Dynasty. shadow. How did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty carry out financial reforms during the war? < /p>

Before the Han Dynasty, the people experienced the influence of the chaotic situation in the late Qin Dynasty, and their lives were miserable. However, at this time, not only were the people's lives miserable, but social production and the commercial economy were in a sluggish state.

Therefore, after the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the rulers accepted the Taoist idea of ??governing by doing nothing and adopted a laissez-faire policy for the national economy, giving the people a chance to recuperate. In the Han Dynasty at this time, in order to promote the development of society, accepting the lessons of the Qin Dynasty's demise and adopting the political thought of inaction was the correct approach at the end of this troubled period.

After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, although it inherited the tradition of the Qin Dynasty in the central official system. But the tax policy for the common people is also different from that of the Qin Dynasty. Although at this time, the Han Dynasty required most of the financial expenditure to support its huge management system. But at this time, the rulers of the Han Dynasty, who absorbed the Taoist idea of ??governing by doing nothing, simplified the Qin Dynasty's official system and also saved administrative expenses.

At the same time, in the early years of the Han Dynasty, in order to provide a better recovery environment for the people, the institutions of the Han Dynasty took on a very simple form. Except for the Sangong and Jiuqing, through simple hierarchical management, it did not interfere too much with the private economy.

It can be said that after sixty years of development in the early Han Dynasty, we had the opportunity to enrich the treasury of the Han Dynasty, and it was precisely for this reason that the relatively liberal fiscal policy was adopted in the early years of the early Han Dynasty. However, in view of this situation, the production development in the early years of the Han Dynasty still needed help from many parties. For this reason, the rulers of the Han Dynasty tried their best to build a stable internal and external environment.

(2) In order to reduce the damage caused by war, the rulers of the early Han Dynasty reduced financial expenditures by making peace.

Although the Han Dynasty at this time was prosperous, it had hidden hidden dangers. Some crises of foreign aggression. After Han Dynasty left and Liu Bang ascended the throne, the method adopted to deal with foreign regimes was to make peace with them. The ethnic group in northern China hosts the Xiongnu, a powerful ethnic minority regime. They often go south to invade the borders of the Han people.

For this reason, they often fought against the Han regime. The famous Great Wall in history was built to resist the Huns' cavalry. During the Han Dynasty, in order to stabilize the external situation, the rulers of the early Han Dynasty chose to send royal women to marry the Xiongnu rulers, which was able to appease the wolves and tigers of the Xiongnu.

The rulers of the early Han Dynasty adopted this approach to create a good condition for the stability of their external environment. Not only that, by making peace with the Huns, this provided a certain buffering stage for the development of their own political power. After this period, the Han Dynasty was already a feudal dynasty that was gradually getting on the right track. They had made rapid progress in the past few decades. development, and the strength gradually becomes stronger.

And by relying on Qin Zhengyang's means, wars can be reduced. This extremely draining method of national finances is conducive to reducing financial expenditures. Later, the rulers of the Han Dynasty had the idea of ????attacking the Xiongnu, so they secretly accumulated efforts to develop armaments through methods such as marriage. However, there is no room for two tigers in one mountain, and a war will eventually break out between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu.

2. The talented and strategic Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty carried out financial reforms during the war

(1) Yantie official operation, establishing a national monopoly system and increasing taxation

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty was at its peak. Therefore, for the sake of the stability of his political power, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered a war against the Xiongnu. However, a war is a costly operation.

This put great pressure on the national finances, but for the ambitious Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was almost impossible to stop the crusade against the Xiongnu. For this reason, he reformed the finances of the Han Dynasty , and at the same time because of this reform, the finances of the Han Dynasty laid the prototype of the feudal dynasty for two thousand years.

When entering the war period, the Han Dynasty's army could not reduce its financial pressure by supporting war with war like the Xiongnu. On the contrary, the Han Dynasty needed greater financial expenditure to continue the war between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu.

Under this pressure, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty carried out financial reforms and established a state monopoly institution. Among the financial reform measures taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the most famous one was the Yantie Guanying.

At that time, salt, which was closely related to people's lives, could be said to be the country's pillar industry.

At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty imposed heavy taxes on the salt production industry for his own war needs. But this was not enough to meet the needs of a huge war, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to think carefully.

He took all the rights of the salt industry into the hands of the state, and the state unified and established relevant workshops to supply the country's salt. In this way, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty achieved an increase in fiscal revenue. . In addition to the needs of the war, there is still a little surplus in the treasury.

The restless Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty focused on the iron industry. Iron was not only an important raw material for the production of household farm tools, but also one of the raw materials for the casting of war weapons. For this reason, he nationalized the mining rights and management rights of salt, and severely cracked down on private businessmen's private mining and sales. In response, he established a government-run system of salt and iron, which was also the case at that time. The earliest state-owned enterprise.

In addition to establishing state-owned enterprises, in order to promote the development of commerce, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also carried out currency reforms, which not only promoted the development of commerce, but also increased national income.

(2) Reform currency, promote commercial development, and increase business tax revenue

In ancient times, currency was often metal currency cast by the government, which also became a successful manipulation of the feudal dynasty. A magic weapon for economic development. During the Han Dynasty, due to the war deficit, the national finances were unable to make ends meet.

However, in the early years of the Han Dynasty, the right to mint currency was decentralized by the state to the hands of four people in the underworld. In order to increase his commercial tax revenue, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave up this right to mint currency. nationalize.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty innovated currency and minted different currencies. At the same time, he issued an order to collect seigniorage. In addition to making profits from the people through this tax, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty focused on the princes. He forced the princes to use their own currency, and at the same time, they must use this as an annual tribute.

However, at that time, the royal family owned 2/3 of the country's minerals. Therefore, the price difference between minting social currencies doubled the tax revenue at that time. Moreover, through such development, more and more currencies are circulating in commerce, further promoting the development of the circulation industry.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, this method enabled national tax revenue to support the long-term need to fight the Xiongnu. Not only that, through this method, not only the originally dispersed coinage rights were not collected from the central government, but also able to Received considerable private wealth.

This financial monopoly can be said to be a relatively successful capital operation in economics. However, the cost of the war far exceeded Emperor Wu's imagination, so he made a decision that would have the most far-reaching impact on future generations.

(3) As a necessary measure, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took measures to sell his official titles

Under the influence of the long-term war, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty faced an extremely serious financial crisis. For this reason, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made the decision to sell his official position and win titles, which became an important means for later dynasties to solve financial crises and make money once they travel.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty developed the previous twenty-level military merit system and clearly marked the prices of these official positions. However, these positions were only for personal enjoyment, and most of these people died after going to the battlefield.

And these positions gradually became vacant, so a new round of money-making operations, with the support of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, began to proceed in full swing. However, this method only treats the symptoms but not the root cause of the problem. After long-term economic development, the country's management class may be in chaos. Therefore, buying an official title was only a necessary measure taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in an emergency.

3. The three hundred years of the Han-Hungarian War established the financial structure of the subsequent dynasties

A hundred-year-long war took place between the Han Dynasty and the Huns. However, this also set the stage for The financial development and changes of the Han Dynasty provided conditions. During these more than three hundred years of war, the rulers of the early Han Dynasty first adopted the intention of making peace with each other to reduce military wars in order to maintain stability.

After that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gathered strong material and financial resources for his war consumption by establishing state monopoly enterprises and financial monopolies.

However, war is indeed an extremely money-consuming operation, and even chaotic situations such as selling officials and titles have become an allowed thing. Therefore, the financial impact of this on later feudal dynasties was that once war broke out, such events often occurred.

Conclusion:

The war between the Han Dynasty and the Huns established the financial prototype of China's feudal dynasty. This was the result of development during the war, and it also profoundly confirmed the cost of war. It is unimaginable to ordinary people. Therefore, we need to cherish the beautiful life in today's peaceful era. We should fight against any attempt to provoke war. We must know that peace is hard-won.