Hefei No.1 Middle School King

The geography exam includes four parts: physical geography and map, human geography, world geography and China geography. The content of geography examination is very complicated, and there are many things to remember in geography knowledge. Many geographical perceptual knowledge, such as place names, geographical data, geographical distribution, geographical evolution process, and geographical rational knowledge, such as geographical concepts, geographical laws, and geographical basic viewpoints, need to be memorized, which is determined by the characteristics of geographical knowledge. How to make every candidate who is about to take this year's comprehensive liberal arts examination remember and master some memory methods of "dead" knowledge in a limited review time, so as to find a "living" method from "dead" knowledge? The following memory methods are for your reference:

A, graphics related memory method

Using maps is not only a prominent feature of geographic data, but also an effective assistant to remember geographic knowledge. For example, the outlines of some provinces or countries on the map are used to help memory. For example, the outline of Shanxi Province is like a parallelogram, that of Heilongjiang Province is like a swan, that of Shandong Province is like a reclining camel, that of France is like a hexagon, that of Australia is like an irregular concave, and that of Italy is like a high-heeled woman. When reviewing the knowledge of the Yellow River, draw a map of the main stream of the Yellow River with strokes and draw the conclusion that the Yellow River looks like the word "several".

Second, the causal reasoning memory method

One of the important ways to improve geographical memory ability is to master causal reasoning memory method. There is causal reasoning between some geographical knowledge, and it is an effective memory way to use multi-link continuous reasoning or reverse reasoning. According to the analysis of causal reasoning formula, three characteristics of the troposphere can be deduced: ① the temperature decreases with the increase of height (upper cold and lower heat), which easily leads to convective movement of the atmosphere; ② The atmospheric convection movement is remarkable, and three quarters of the atmospheric mass and almost all the water vapor and impurities are concentrated in the troposphere. These conditions are met at the same time, which leads to complex and changeable weather phenomena. Another example is "the formation of the East Asian monsoon". It is clear that in 1 month, the air temperature on land is low and the air pressure on the ocean is low, so the atmosphere "blows" from the continent with high air pressure to the ocean with low air pressure, that is, the northerly wind (winter wind). Backward reasoning, in July, the air temperature on the land is high and the air pressure on the ocean is high, so the atmosphere "blows" from the ocean with high air pressure to the mainland with low air pressure, that is, the southerly wind (summer monsoon), as shown in the following figure:

Third, the structured network memory method

Geographical rational knowledge, such as geographical concepts, geographical laws and geographical basic viewpoints, often have various internal relations with each other. Therefore, through the way of structural network, it is clear at a glance and helpful for memory. For example, the network diagram of knowledge structure affecting climate factors is as follows:

Four. Table comparison memory method

By comparing the lists, the candidates have a solid memory. For example, when reviewing the "precipitation types", we can summarize and compare the causes, precipitation characteristics and main distribution areas of air ascending movement as follows:

Types of precipitation, causes of air rising, and main distribution areas of precipitation characteristics.

Convective rainfall, hot and humid air heating is strong, rising intensity is large, duration is short, and scope is small. In summer, there are often storms, lightning, the equator and its two sides, and the mid-latitude continent.

The warm and humid airflow in topographic precipitation is blocked by topography, and rises on the windward slope in mountainous areas with high precipitation intensity and long rainfall time.

Frontal rain meets cold and warm airflow, and warm and wet airflow rises in mid-latitude area, with long duration, wide range and low intensity.

Typhoon storm warm and humid airflow around the center of the typhoon, rising strongly, heavy rain, low latitude eastern mainland accompanied by strong winds and lightning.

Five, associative homophonic memory method

When association and homophonic are integrated, the effect will be multiplied. Geographical data, boring, may be immediately realized by association and homophonic method. For example, Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, is 5895 meters above sea level, and the Lenovo homonym is "My father saved me". When reviewing cyclones and anticyclones, we can borrow a sentence from Van Gogh, a Dutch painter: Like anticyclones, high is high pressure, and Van Gogh is anticyclone and high pressure, so it is easy to solve the cyclone corresponding to low pressure. Another example is the description of three associated minerals in China with "White Flower": "White" refers to Bayanobo (rare earth mine) in Inner Mongolia, "Gold" refers to Jinchang (nickel mine) in Gansu, and "Flower" refers to Panzhihua (magnetite vanadium-titanium mine) in Sichuan.

Six, abbreviated inductive memory method

Through the classification of geographical knowledge, it is easy to link knowledge together and summarize it in a few concise words.

Candidates are masters.

The nine planets in the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto in order of distance from the sun, which can be summarized as "water, gold, wood, earth and sky and sea" by abbreviations.

The pressure belts on the earth can be simplified as "three winds and four belts". The "three winds" are low-latitude trade winds, mid-latitude westerly winds and polar easterly winds, and the "four belts" are equatorial low pressure belts, subtropical high pressure belts, sub-polar low pressure belts and polar high pressure belts.

In order to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits, the industrial layout should consider how to be close to the "three places" (raw material place, fuel place and consumption place), so as to save transportation costs and reduce production costs.

When reviewing the rational utilization and protection of land resources, the abbreviations can be summarized into eight words: national conditions (vast land, diverse types, many mountains, little flat land, little cultivated land and significant regional differences), principles (reasonable layout according to local conditions) and measures (arranging production in various industries according to local conditions; Strengthen management and occupy less cultivated land), national policy (cherish and rationally use every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land).

When the industrial layout of a region reaches a certain density and scale, it will be in a "saturated state". If a new industrial department is built, there will be problems such as "four struggles (for land, water, electricity and public facilities) intensifying (aggravating environmental pollution)".

The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China are summarized by "three more, three less and one big": "three more" means "more in the south and more in the east, more in summer and autumn"; "Three less" means "less in the north, less in the west, less in winter and spring"; "A big one" means "the variability between years is very large".

There are many ways to remember geographical knowledge. I hope to sum up more and better memory methods, cultivate memory ability and change "death" into "living" learning.