According to different classification methods, financial instruments are divided into different categories, as follows:
(1) According to the maturity date of financial instruments, it can be divided into short-term financial instruments and long-term financial instruments.
Short-term financial instruments refer to various financial instruments with repayment period within 1 year or 1 year, including bills, loans and short-term treasury bills.
Long-term financial instruments refer to financial instruments whose repayment period exceeds 1 year, such as long-term creditor's rights and stocks.
(2) According to the form of financing, it can be divided into direct financial instruments and indirect financial instruments.
Direct financial instruments refer to financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds. The supply and demand sides of funds are used for direct financing.
Indirect financial instruments refer to financial instruments used by both the supply and demand sides of funds through financial intermediaries such as banks, such as bank deposit certificates.
(3) According to the classification of rights and obligations, it can be divided into creditor's rights and debt financial instruments and ownership financial instruments. Financial instruments of creditor's rights and debts mainly refer to bills, creditor's rights and other written documents representing the relationship between creditor's rights and debts.
A valuable financial instrument represented by stocks is a kind of written evidence showing the ownership relationship.
(4) According to whether it is related to direct credit activities, it can be divided into primary financial instruments and derivative financial instruments.
Original financial instruments are legal documents that can prove the relationship between creditor's rights and debts or ownership in actual credit activities, mainly including creditor's rights and debts certificates such as commercial bills and bonds and ownership certificates such as stocks and funds.
Derivative financial instruments are all kinds of gold 1 financial contracts and their combination forms derived from original financial instruments, mainly including financial futures, financial options and financial swaps.